岩石高温相变与物理力学性质变化
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摘要
岩石内部结构随温度升高的变化会导致其物理力学性质的改变。利用MTS伺服试验机和高温炉进行常温至800℃花岗岩物理力学参数随温度变化特征试验。研究结果表明:(1)岩石物理力学性质随温度变化可划分常温～100℃和100℃～300℃,300℃～500℃,500℃～600℃,600℃～800℃五个阶段;前3个阶段的温度范围分别对应岩石内附着水、结合水和结构水汽化逸出的温度区间。(2)岩石物理力学性质(抗压/抗拉强度,渗透率,波速等)在400℃～600℃的温度范围内会有显著变化;受石英由相变为相的影响,岩石体积增大,微裂隙大量增加,在573℃附近存在强度和波速下降的加速点。(3)温度大于600℃后,岩石强度和波速会继续降低,其与固体矿物膨胀和金属键断裂引起矿物熔融破裂及相变有关。
The change of rock internal microstructure along with temperature increasing leads to the variation of physico-mechanical properties.The experiments on physico-mechanical properties evolution of granite were carried out at temperature ranging from room temperature to 800 ℃ by using MTS servo-controlled testing machine and heating furnace.The research results indicate that:(1) The rock physico-mechanical properties change with temperature can be divided into five stages:i.e.room temperature to 100 ℃,100 ℃ to 300 ℃,300 ℃ to 500 ℃,500 ℃ to 600 ℃ and 600 ℃ to 800 ℃.The first three stages of temperature range correspond to the vaporization escaping interval of adhered water,and bound water and structural water.(2) The phsyico-mechanical parameters of rock have larger changes in temperature between 400 ℃ to 600 ℃,specially at the temperature of 573 ℃,where quartz has a phase transformation,from α phase to β phase.In this process,it is leaded to the increase of rock internal microcracks,which can be described as increasing of volume,reducing of bearing capacity,increasing of permeability,and the mutation of wave velocity.(3) After the temperature higher than 600 ℃,rock strength and wave velocity continue to reduce,which is influenced by solid mineral inflation and fracture of metallic bonding.
The change of rock internal microstructure along with temperature increasing leads to the variation of physico-mechanical properties.The experiments on physico-mechanical properties evolution of granite were carried out at temperature ranging from room temperature to 800 ℃ by using MTS servo-controlled testing machine and heating furnace.The research results indicate that:(1) The rock physico-mechanical properties change with temperature can be divided into five stages:i.e.room temperature to 100 ℃,100 ℃ to 300 ℃,300 ℃ to 500 ℃,500 ℃ to 600 ℃ and 600 ℃ to 800 ℃.The first three stages of temperature range correspond to the vaporization escaping interval of adhered water,and bound water and structural water.(2) The phsyico-mechanical parameters of rock have larger changes in temperature between 400 ℃ to 600 ℃,specially at the temperature of 573 ℃,where quartz has a phase transformation,from α phase to β phase.In this process,it is leaded to the increase of rock internal microcracks,which can be described as increasing of volume,reducing of bearing capacity,increasing of permeability,and the mutation of wave velocity.(3) After the temperature higher than 600 ℃,rock strength and wave velocity continue to reduce,which is influenced by solid mineral inflation and fracture of metallic bonding.
引文
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[2]CHEN Y,WANG C Y.Thermally induced acoustic emission inWesterly granite[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1980,7(12):1 089–1 092.
[3]陈颙,吴晓东,张福勤.岩石热开裂的实验研究[J].科学通报,1999,44(8):880–883.(CHEN Yong,WU Xiaodong,ZHANG Fuqin.Experimental research on rock thermal cracking[J].Chinese Sciencebulletin,1999,44(8):880–883.(in Chinese))
[4]赵阳升,郤保平,万志军,等.高温高压下花岗岩中钻孔变形失稳临界条件[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):865–874.(ZHAOYangsheng,XI Baoping,WAN Zhijun,et al.Study of criticalcondition of borehole instability in granite under high temperature andhigh pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(5):865–874.(in Chinese))
[5]张渊,赵阳升,万志军,等.不同温度条件下孔隙压力对长石细砂岩渗透率影响试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):53–58.(ZHANG Yuan,ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,et al.Experimental study of effect of pore pressure on feldspar fine sandstonepermeability under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):53–58.(in Chinese))
[6]武晋文.花岗岩热破裂实验研究[硕士学位论文][D].太原:太原理工大学,2008.(WU Jinwen.An experimental research on granite heatcracking[M.S.Thesis][D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[7]王广地.北山花岗岩温度效应试验研究及黏弹塑性分析[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安科技学院,2003.(WANG Guangdi.Experimentresearch on the effects of temperature and viscoelastoplastic analysisof Beishan granite[M.S.Thesis][D].Xi an:Xi an Institute of Scienceand Technology,2003.(in Chinese))
[8]张静华,王静涛,赵爱国.高温下花岗岩断裂特性的研究[J].岩土力学,1987,8(4):11–16.(ZHANG Jinghua,WANG Jingtao,ZHAOAiguo.Fracture properties of granite at high temperature[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,1987,8(4):11–16.(in Chinese))
[9]许锡昌.花岗岩热损伤特性研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增2):188–191.(XU Xichang.Study on the characteristics of thermaldamage for granite[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Supp.2):188–191.(in Chinese))
[10]陈有亮,邵伟,周有成.高温作用后花岗岩力学性能试验研究[J].力学季刊,2011,32(3):397–402.(CHEN Youliang,SHAO Wei,ZHOU Youcheng.Experimental study on mechanical properties ofgranite after high temperature[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2011,32(3):397–402.(in Chinese))
[11]徐小丽.温度载荷作用下花岗岩力学性质演化及其微观机制研究[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.(XU Xiaoli.Research on the mechanical characteristics and micromechanism ofgranite[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining andTechnology,2008.(in Chinese))
[12]徐小丽,高峰,沈晓明,等.高温后花岗岩力学性质及微孔隙结构特征研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1752–1758.(XU Xiaoli,GAO Feng,SHEN Xiaoming,et al.Research on mechanicalcharacteristics and micropore structure of granite under high-temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1 752–1 758.(in Chinese))
[13]刘均荣,秦积舜,吴晓东.温度对岩石渗透率影响的实验研究[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(4):51–53.(LIU Junrong,QIN Jishun,WU Xiaodong.Experimental study on relation betweentemperature and rock permeability[J].Journal of China University ofPetroeum:Natural Science,2001,25(4):51–53.(in Chinese))
[14]梁冰,高红梅,兰永伟.岩石渗透率与温度关系的理论分析和试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):53–58.(LIANGBing,GAO Hongmei,LAN Yongwei.Theoretical analysis andexperimental study on relation between rock permeability andtemperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):53–58.(in Chinese))
[15]张志镇,高峰,刘治军.温度影响下花岗岩冲击倾向及其微细观机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1591–1602.(ZHANG Zhizhen,GAO Feng,LIU Zhijun.Research on rockburstprocess and its microcosmic mechanism of granite consideringtemperature effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2010,29(8):1 591–1 602.(in Chinese))
[16]张志镇,高峰,徐小丽.花岗岩单轴压缩的声发射特征及热力耦合模型[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(1):70–74.(ZHANGZhizhen,GAO Feng,XU Xiaoli.Acoustic emission characteristics andthemodynamic coupling model of granite under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(1):70–74.(in Chinese))
[17]白利平,杜建国,刘巍,等.高温高压下斜长岩纵波速度与电阻率实验研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(6):638–646.(BAI Liping,DU Jianguo,LIU Wei,et al.The experimental studies on electricalconductivities and P-wave velocities of anorthosite at high pressureand high temperature[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(6):638–646.(in Chinese))
[18]周永胜,蒋海昆,何昌荣.不同温压条件下居庸关花岗岩脆塑性转化与失稳型式的实验研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):389–400.(ZHOU Yongsheng,JIANG Haikun,HE Changrong.Experimentsof brittle-plastic transition,modes of instability of Juyongguan graniteat different T-P conditions[J].Earthquake Research in China,2002,18(4):389–400.(in Chinese))
[19]蒋海昆,张流,周永胜.不同温度条件下花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征[J].地震,2000,20(3):87–94.(JIANG Haikun,ZHANGLiu,ZHOU Yongsheng.Characteristics of AE temporal sequences inthe process of deformation and failure of granite at high pressure anddifferent temperatures[J].Earthquake,2000,20(3):87–94.(in Chinese))
[20]DOBSON D P,MEREDITH P G,BOON S A.Simulation ofsubduction zone seismicity by dehydration of serpentine[J].Science,2002,298(15):1 407–1 420.
[21]JUNG H,GREEN H W,DOBRZHINETSKAYA L F.Intermediate-depth earthquake faulting by dehydration embitterment with negativevolume change[J].Nature,2004,428(1):545–549.
[22]席道瑛.花岗岩中矿物相变的物性特征[J].矿物学报,1994,14(3):223–227.(XI Daoying.Physical characteristics of mineral phasetransition in the granite[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,1994,14(3):223–227.(in Chinese))
[23]傅国飞,徐洪武.两种不同燧石中α–石英β石英相变的研究[J].地质科学,1992,(1):50–54.(FU Guofei,XU Hongwu.Astudy ofα-quartzβ-quartz phase transition of two kinds of cherts[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1992,(1):50–54.(in Chinese))
[24]席道瑛,程经毅,黄建华.声发射在研究岩石古温度中的应用[J].中国科学技术大学学报,1996,26(1):97–101.(XI Daoying,CHENGJingyi,HUANG Jianhua.The application of acoustic emission in the studyof ancient temperature of rock[J].Journal of University of Science andTechnology of China,1996,26(1):97–101.(in Chinese))
[25]孙君秀,谢亦汉,张友南.华北太古宙长英质岩石的地震波速度及其在地壳中的位置[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):622–631.(SUNJunxiu,XIE Yihan,ZHANG Younan.Seismic wave velocity ofarcheozoic felsic rocks from North China and its existing location inthe crust[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2000,22(6):622–631.(inChinese))
[26]赵忠魁,孙清州,张普庆,等.高温焙烧对石英砂加热时的相变与膨胀性的影响[J].铸造,2006,55(9):961–964.(ZHAO Zhongkui,SUN Qingzhou,ZHANG Puqing,et al.Effect of calcinatin on phasetransformation and expansibility of quartz sands during heating[J].Foundry,2006,55(9):961–964.(in Chinese))
[27]孙清州,赵忠魁,张普庆,等.热再生石英砂改性机制[J].铸造,2005,54(10):1 025–1 026.(SUN Qingzhou,ZHAO Zhongkui,ZHANG Puqing,et al.Modification mechanism of properties ofhot-reclaimed quartz sands[J].Foundry,2005,54(10):1 025–1 026.(in Chinese))
[28]张广强.不同初始状态的SiO2在高温高压下的结构转变研究[博士学位论文][D].长春:吉林大学,2009.(ZHANG Guangqiang.Structural transformation of SiO2 with different initial states underhigh temperature and high pressure[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]CHEN Y,WANG C Y.Thermally induced acoustic emission inWesterly granite[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1980,7(12):1 089–1 092.
[3]陈颙,吴晓东,张福勤.岩石热开裂的实验研究[J].科学通报,1999,44(8):880–883.(CHEN Yong,WU Xiaodong,ZHANG Fuqin.Experimental research on rock thermal cracking[J].Chinese Sciencebulletin,1999,44(8):880–883.(in Chinese))
[4]赵阳升,郤保平,万志军,等.高温高压下花岗岩中钻孔变形失稳临界条件[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):865–874.(ZHAOYangsheng,XI Baoping,WAN Zhijun,et al.Study of criticalcondition of borehole instability in granite under high temperature andhigh pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(5):865–874.(in Chinese))
[5]张渊,赵阳升,万志军,等.不同温度条件下孔隙压力对长石细砂岩渗透率影响试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):53–58.(ZHANG Yuan,ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,et al.Experimental study of effect of pore pressure on feldspar fine sandstonepermeability under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):53–58.(in Chinese))
[6]武晋文.花岗岩热破裂实验研究[硕士学位论文][D].太原:太原理工大学,2008.(WU Jinwen.An experimental research on granite heatcracking[M.S.Thesis][D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[7]王广地.北山花岗岩温度效应试验研究及黏弹塑性分析[硕士学位论文][D].西安:西安科技学院,2003.(WANG Guangdi.Experimentresearch on the effects of temperature and viscoelastoplastic analysisof Beishan granite[M.S.Thesis][D].Xi an:Xi an Institute of Scienceand Technology,2003.(in Chinese))
[8]张静华,王静涛,赵爱国.高温下花岗岩断裂特性的研究[J].岩土力学,1987,8(4):11–16.(ZHANG Jinghua,WANG Jingtao,ZHAOAiguo.Fracture properties of granite at high temperature[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,1987,8(4):11–16.(in Chinese))
[9]许锡昌.花岗岩热损伤特性研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增2):188–191.(XU Xichang.Study on the characteristics of thermaldamage for granite[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Supp.2):188–191.(in Chinese))
[10]陈有亮,邵伟,周有成.高温作用后花岗岩力学性能试验研究[J].力学季刊,2011,32(3):397–402.(CHEN Youliang,SHAO Wei,ZHOU Youcheng.Experimental study on mechanical properties ofgranite after high temperature[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2011,32(3):397–402.(in Chinese))
[11]徐小丽.温度载荷作用下花岗岩力学性质演化及其微观机制研究[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.(XU Xiaoli.Research on the mechanical characteristics and micromechanism ofgranite[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining andTechnology,2008.(in Chinese))
[12]徐小丽,高峰,沈晓明,等.高温后花岗岩力学性质及微孔隙结构特征研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1752–1758.(XU Xiaoli,GAO Feng,SHEN Xiaoming,et al.Research on mechanicalcharacteristics and micropore structure of granite under high-temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1 752–1 758.(in Chinese))
[13]刘均荣,秦积舜,吴晓东.温度对岩石渗透率影响的实验研究[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(4):51–53.(LIU Junrong,QIN Jishun,WU Xiaodong.Experimental study on relation betweentemperature and rock permeability[J].Journal of China University ofPetroeum:Natural Science,2001,25(4):51–53.(in Chinese))
[14]梁冰,高红梅,兰永伟.岩石渗透率与温度关系的理论分析和试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):53–58.(LIANGBing,GAO Hongmei,LAN Yongwei.Theoretical analysis andexperimental study on relation between rock permeability andtemperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):53–58.(in Chinese))
[15]张志镇,高峰,刘治军.温度影响下花岗岩冲击倾向及其微细观机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1591–1602.(ZHANG Zhizhen,GAO Feng,LIU Zhijun.Research on rockburstprocess and its microcosmic mechanism of granite consideringtemperature effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2010,29(8):1 591–1 602.(in Chinese))
[16]张志镇,高峰,徐小丽.花岗岩单轴压缩的声发射特征及热力耦合模型[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(1):70–74.(ZHANGZhizhen,GAO Feng,XU Xiaoli.Acoustic emission characteristics andthemodynamic coupling model of granite under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(1):70–74.(in Chinese))
[17]白利平,杜建国,刘巍,等.高温高压下斜长岩纵波速度与电阻率实验研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(6):638–646.(BAI Liping,DU Jianguo,LIU Wei,et al.The experimental studies on electricalconductivities and P-wave velocities of anorthosite at high pressureand high temperature[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(6):638–646.(in Chinese))
[18]周永胜,蒋海昆,何昌荣.不同温压条件下居庸关花岗岩脆塑性转化与失稳型式的实验研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):389–400.(ZHOU Yongsheng,JIANG Haikun,HE Changrong.Experimentsof brittle-plastic transition,modes of instability of Juyongguan graniteat different T-P conditions[J].Earthquake Research in China,2002,18(4):389–400.(in Chinese))
[19]蒋海昆,张流,周永胜.不同温度条件下花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征[J].地震,2000,20(3):87–94.(JIANG Haikun,ZHANGLiu,ZHOU Yongsheng.Characteristics of AE temporal sequences inthe process of deformation and failure of granite at high pressure anddifferent temperatures[J].Earthquake,2000,20(3):87–94.(in Chinese))
[20]DOBSON D P,MEREDITH P G,BOON S A.Simulation ofsubduction zone seismicity by dehydration of serpentine[J].Science,2002,298(15):1 407–1 420.
[21]JUNG H,GREEN H W,DOBRZHINETSKAYA L F.Intermediate-depth earthquake faulting by dehydration embitterment with negativevolume change[J].Nature,2004,428(1):545–549.
[22]席道瑛.花岗岩中矿物相变的物性特征[J].矿物学报,1994,14(3):223–227.(XI Daoying.Physical characteristics of mineral phasetransition in the granite[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,1994,14(3):223–227.(in Chinese))
[23]傅国飞,徐洪武.两种不同燧石中α–石英β石英相变的研究[J].地质科学,1992,(1):50–54.(FU Guofei,XU Hongwu.Astudy ofα-quartzβ-quartz phase transition of two kinds of cherts[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1992,(1):50–54.(in Chinese))
[24]席道瑛,程经毅,黄建华.声发射在研究岩石古温度中的应用[J].中国科学技术大学学报,1996,26(1):97–101.(XI Daoying,CHENGJingyi,HUANG Jianhua.The application of acoustic emission in the studyof ancient temperature of rock[J].Journal of University of Science andTechnology of China,1996,26(1):97–101.(in Chinese))
[25]孙君秀,谢亦汉,张友南.华北太古宙长英质岩石的地震波速度及其在地壳中的位置[J].地震学报,2000,22(6):622–631.(SUNJunxiu,XIE Yihan,ZHANG Younan.Seismic wave velocity ofarcheozoic felsic rocks from North China and its existing location inthe crust[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2000,22(6):622–631.(inChinese))
[26]赵忠魁,孙清州,张普庆,等.高温焙烧对石英砂加热时的相变与膨胀性的影响[J].铸造,2006,55(9):961–964.(ZHAO Zhongkui,SUN Qingzhou,ZHANG Puqing,et al.Effect of calcinatin on phasetransformation and expansibility of quartz sands during heating[J].Foundry,2006,55(9):961–964.(in Chinese))
[27]孙清州,赵忠魁,张普庆,等.热再生石英砂改性机制[J].铸造,2005,54(10):1 025–1 026.(SUN Qingzhou,ZHAO Zhongkui,ZHANG Puqing,et al.Modification mechanism of properties ofhot-reclaimed quartz sands[J].Foundry,2005,54(10):1 025–1 026.(in Chinese))
[28]张广强.不同初始状态的SiO2在高温高压下的结构转变研究[博士学位论文][D].长春:吉林大学,2009.(ZHANG Guangqiang.Structural transformation of SiO2 with different initial states underhigh temperature and high pressure[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.(in Chinese))
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