岩石脆性破坏临界信息综合识别
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摘要
岩石脆性破坏导致的各种现象可以分为两类:①与物理力学参数和结构特征改变有关,表现为岩石本身变得破碎,承载力降低,变形速率增大,模量变小,渗透率增大,波速参数与电阻率值突变;②与能量释放及物理场参数变化有关,体现在声发射信号激增,电磁辐射强度增加,红外辐射加大.试验和理论分析表明:单轴条件下岩石破裂前临界特征点所对应的应力和岩石峰值应力比值约在70%-80%之间.论文通过分析得出,岩石脆性破坏的各种信息与岩石微破裂发展存在特定的关联性,利用综合信息源可以很好的进行脆性破坏临界点的识别.
The phenomena caused by rock brittle fracture can be divided into two types.One is related to the changes in physical-mechanical parameters and structural characteristics,which can be described as the rock fracture,the decrease of bearing capacity and modulus,the increase of permeability and deformation,and the sudden change of wave velocity and resistance.The other one is related to the release of energy and change of physical parameters,which is shown by the increase of acoustic emission(AE),electromagnetic emission and infrared radiation.Experiment and theoretical results show that the stress ratio between critical point of brittle failure and its peaking point falls within a range of 70% to 80%.This research shows that the comprehensive information source can be adopted to identify the critical point of brittle fracture.
The phenomena caused by rock brittle fracture can be divided into two types.One is related to the changes in physical-mechanical parameters and structural characteristics,which can be described as the rock fracture,the decrease of bearing capacity and modulus,the increase of permeability and deformation,and the sudden change of wave velocity and resistance.The other one is related to the release of energy and change of physical parameters,which is shown by the increase of acoustic emission(AE),electromagnetic emission and infrared radiation.Experiment and theoretical results show that the stress ratio between critical point of brittle failure and its peaking point falls within a range of 70% to 80%.This research shows that the comprehensive information source can be adopted to identify the critical point of brittle fracture.
引文
[1]Horri H,Nemat-Nasser S.Compression-induced mi-crocrack growth in brittle solids:axial splitting andshear failure[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-at-mospheres,1985,90(B4):3105-3125.
[2]Segall P,Pollard D D.Mechanics of discontinuousfaults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-atmos-Pheres,85(B8):4337-4350.
[3]Dey T N,Wang C Y.Some mechanisms of microcrackgrowth and interaction in compressive rock failure[J].International Journal of Mechanics and MiningSciences&Geomechanics Abstract,1981,18(3):199-209.
[4]Gehele C,Kutter H K.Breakage and shear behavior ofintermittent rock joints[J].International Iournal ofRock Mechanics and Ming Sciences,2003,40(5):687-700.
[5]Wong R H C,Chau K T,Tang C A,et al.Analysis ofcrack coalsecence in rock-like materials containingthress flaws-partⅠ:experimental approach[J].In-ternational Journal of Rock Mechanics and Ming Sci-ences,2001,38(7):909-924.
[6]安金珍,周平根,马麦宁,等.用地电阻率探测和监测滑坡体实验[J].地震学报,2008,30(3):254-261.(AnJ Z,Zhou P G,Ma M N,et al.Experiments on explo-ring and monitoring landslip-mass using geoelectricresistivity observations[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2008,30(3):254-261.(in Chinese))
[7]陈大元,陈峰,贺国玉.岩石受压过程中“应力反复”对电阻率的影响[J].地震学报,1987,9(3):303-311.(Chen D Y,Chen F,He G Y.Influences of“stress re-versal”on rock resistivity during loading procedure[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1987,9(3):303-311.(in Chinese))
[8]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华.遥感-岩石力学引论:岩石受力灾变的红外遥感[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.(Wu L X,Liu S J,Wu Y H.Introduction to RemoteSensing Rock Mechanics:Infrared Remote SensingFoe Rock Catastrophe Due to Overload[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[9]秦四清,王思敬,孙强等非线性岩土力学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.
[10]陈颙.岩石破裂过程的降维现象[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(sup1):132-143.(Chen Y.The phenomenaof dimension reduction in the progress of rock failure[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1989,32(sup1):132-143.(in Chinese))
[11]陈颙,杨咸武,韩彪.变形过程中岩石P波速度场的空间变化[J].地震学报,1990,12(1):54-59.(Chen Y,Yang X W,Han B.Spatial velocity variations of Pwaves during rock deformations[J].Acta Seismologi-ca Sinica,1990,12(1):54-59.(in Chinese))
[12]安欧.地力学地震预测基础[M].北京:地震出版社,2011.(An O.Foundation of Geomechanics for Earth-quake Prediction[M].Beijing:Earthquake PublishingHouse Press,2011.(in Chinese))
[13]刘树才.煤矿底板突水机理及破坏裂隙带演化动态探测技术[D].江苏,中国矿业大学博士学位论文,2008.(Liu S C.Mechanism of Water Inrush FromCoal Seam Floor and Continuous Survey of FracturedZons in Xoal Seam Floor[D].Jiangsu:China Univer-sity of Ming and Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[14]毛桐恩,陈大元,刘新美等.承载岩石地电阻率各向异性变化实验研究与现场观测结果[J].地震,1998,18(s):33-38.(Mao T E,Chen D Y,Liu X M,et al.Ex-perimental research on chance of georesistivity ani-sotropy of pressed rocks and on the spot observation[J].Earthquake,1998,18(s):33-38.(in Chinese))
[15]李元辉,刘建坡,赵兴东等.岩石破裂过程中的声发射b值及分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2559-2564.(Li Y H,Liu J P,Zhao X D,et al.Studyon b-value and fractal dimension of acoustic emissionduring rock failure process[J].Rock and Soil Me-chanics,2009,30(9):2559-2564.(in Chinese))
[16]刘晓斐.冲击地压电磁辐射前兆信息的时间序列数据挖掘及群体识别体系研究[D].江苏:中国矿业大学,2008.(Liu X F.Study on Time Series Data Miningand Group Recogition System of ElectromagneticPrecursor Information of Rock Burst[D].Jiangsu:China University of Mining&Technology,2008.(inChinese))
[17]窦林名,王云海,何学秋等.煤样变形破坏峰值前后电磁辐射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):908-914.(Wang E Y,He X Q,Liu Z T,et al.Study on electromagentic emission characteristic forcoal sample deformation and failure during pre-andpost-peaking phases[J].China Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineeringl,2007,26(5):908-914.(inChinese))
[18]刘善军,吴立新,张艳博.岩石破裂前红外热像的时空演化特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,30(7):1034-1037.(Liu S J,Wu L X,Zhang Y B.Temporal-spatial evolution features of infrared thermal imagesbefore rock failure[J].Journal of Northeastern Uni-versity,2009,30(7):1034-1037.(in Chinese))
[19]秦四清,徐锡伟,胡平等.孕震断层的多锁固段脆性破裂机制与地震预测新方法的探索[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(4):1001-1014.(Qin S Q,Xu X W,Hu P,etal.Brittle failure mechanism of multiple locked pat-ches in a seismogenic fault system and exploration ona new way foe earthquake prediction[J].ChinsesJournal of Geophysics,2010,53(4):1001-1014.(inChinese))
[20]秦四清,王媛媛,马平.崩滑灾害临界位移演化的指数律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(15):873-880.(Qin S Q,Wang Y Y,Ma P.Expoential laws of criti-cal displacement evolution for landslides and ava-lanches[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2010,29(15):873-880.(in Chinese))
[21]尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕等.岩石破坏声发射平静期及其分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(s2):3383-3390.(Yin X G,Li S L,Tang H Y,et al.Study on quiet period and its fractal characteristics ofrock failure acoustic emission[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(s2):3383-3390.(in Chinese))
[22]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉等.花岗岩破裂全过程的声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(s2):3673-3678.(Zhao X D,Tang C A,Li Y H,et al.Study on AE activity characteristics under uniaxialcompression loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2006,25(s2):3673-3678.(inChinese).)
[23]张茹,谢和平,刘建峰等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,23(15):2499-2503.(Zhang R,Xie H P,Liu J F,et al.Study on acoustic emission chracteristics of uniaxialcompressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,23(15):2499-2503.(in Chinese))
[24]Martin C D.The Strength of Massive Lac du BonnetGranite Around Underground Openings[D].The U-nited States:University of Manitoba,1993.
[25]黄书岭.高应力下脆性岩石的力学模型与工程应用研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2008.(Huang S L.Study on Mechanical Model ofBrittle rock Under High Stress Condition and Its En-gineering Applications[D].Wuhan:Rock and SoilMechanics Institute,2008.(in Chinese))
[26]胡云华.高应力下花岗岩力学特性试验及本构模型研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2008.(Hu Y H.Study on Mechanical Properties ofGranites Under High Pressure Conditions and ItsConstitve Models[D].Wuhan:Rock and Soil Me-chanics Institute,2008.(in Chinese))
[27]杨建平.高应力下花岗岩力学特性试验及本构模型研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2009.(Yang J P.Study of Macro Mechanical Parame-ters of Fractured Rock Mass[D].Wuhan:Thesis,Rock and Soil Mechanics Institute,2009.(in Chi-nese))
[28]Qin S Q,Jiao J J,Li Z G.Nonlinear evolutionarymechanisms of instability of plane-shear slope:catas-trophe,bifurcation,chaos and physical prediction[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2006,39(1):59-76.
[29]薛雷.岩石破裂逾渗临界状态重正化群研究及应用[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2011.(Xue L.Renormalization Study of PercolationCritical State in Rock Failure[D].Beijing:Instituteof Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2011.(in Chinese))
[30]李德春,葛宝堂,舒继森.岩体破坏过程中的电阻率变化试验[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(5):491-493.(Li D C,Ge B T,Shu J S.Experiment of resis-tivity variation of rocks in failure process[J].Journalof China University of Mining&Technology,1999,28(5):491-493.(in Chinese))
[2]Segall P,Pollard D D.Mechanics of discontinuousfaults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-atmos-Pheres,85(B8):4337-4350.
[3]Dey T N,Wang C Y.Some mechanisms of microcrackgrowth and interaction in compressive rock failure[J].International Journal of Mechanics and MiningSciences&Geomechanics Abstract,1981,18(3):199-209.
[4]Gehele C,Kutter H K.Breakage and shear behavior ofintermittent rock joints[J].International Iournal ofRock Mechanics and Ming Sciences,2003,40(5):687-700.
[5]Wong R H C,Chau K T,Tang C A,et al.Analysis ofcrack coalsecence in rock-like materials containingthress flaws-partⅠ:experimental approach[J].In-ternational Journal of Rock Mechanics and Ming Sci-ences,2001,38(7):909-924.
[6]安金珍,周平根,马麦宁,等.用地电阻率探测和监测滑坡体实验[J].地震学报,2008,30(3):254-261.(AnJ Z,Zhou P G,Ma M N,et al.Experiments on explo-ring and monitoring landslip-mass using geoelectricresistivity observations[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2008,30(3):254-261.(in Chinese))
[7]陈大元,陈峰,贺国玉.岩石受压过程中“应力反复”对电阻率的影响[J].地震学报,1987,9(3):303-311.(Chen D Y,Chen F,He G Y.Influences of“stress re-versal”on rock resistivity during loading procedure[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1987,9(3):303-311.(in Chinese))
[8]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华.遥感-岩石力学引论:岩石受力灾变的红外遥感[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.(Wu L X,Liu S J,Wu Y H.Introduction to RemoteSensing Rock Mechanics:Infrared Remote SensingFoe Rock Catastrophe Due to Overload[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[9]秦四清,王思敬,孙强等非线性岩土力学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.
[10]陈颙.岩石破裂过程的降维现象[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(sup1):132-143.(Chen Y.The phenomenaof dimension reduction in the progress of rock failure[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1989,32(sup1):132-143.(in Chinese))
[11]陈颙,杨咸武,韩彪.变形过程中岩石P波速度场的空间变化[J].地震学报,1990,12(1):54-59.(Chen Y,Yang X W,Han B.Spatial velocity variations of Pwaves during rock deformations[J].Acta Seismologi-ca Sinica,1990,12(1):54-59.(in Chinese))
[12]安欧.地力学地震预测基础[M].北京:地震出版社,2011.(An O.Foundation of Geomechanics for Earth-quake Prediction[M].Beijing:Earthquake PublishingHouse Press,2011.(in Chinese))
[13]刘树才.煤矿底板突水机理及破坏裂隙带演化动态探测技术[D].江苏,中国矿业大学博士学位论文,2008.(Liu S C.Mechanism of Water Inrush FromCoal Seam Floor and Continuous Survey of FracturedZons in Xoal Seam Floor[D].Jiangsu:China Univer-sity of Ming and Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[14]毛桐恩,陈大元,刘新美等.承载岩石地电阻率各向异性变化实验研究与现场观测结果[J].地震,1998,18(s):33-38.(Mao T E,Chen D Y,Liu X M,et al.Ex-perimental research on chance of georesistivity ani-sotropy of pressed rocks and on the spot observation[J].Earthquake,1998,18(s):33-38.(in Chinese))
[15]李元辉,刘建坡,赵兴东等.岩石破裂过程中的声发射b值及分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2559-2564.(Li Y H,Liu J P,Zhao X D,et al.Studyon b-value and fractal dimension of acoustic emissionduring rock failure process[J].Rock and Soil Me-chanics,2009,30(9):2559-2564.(in Chinese))
[16]刘晓斐.冲击地压电磁辐射前兆信息的时间序列数据挖掘及群体识别体系研究[D].江苏:中国矿业大学,2008.(Liu X F.Study on Time Series Data Miningand Group Recogition System of ElectromagneticPrecursor Information of Rock Burst[D].Jiangsu:China University of Mining&Technology,2008.(inChinese))
[17]窦林名,王云海,何学秋等.煤样变形破坏峰值前后电磁辐射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):908-914.(Wang E Y,He X Q,Liu Z T,et al.Study on electromagentic emission characteristic forcoal sample deformation and failure during pre-andpost-peaking phases[J].China Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineeringl,2007,26(5):908-914.(inChinese))
[18]刘善军,吴立新,张艳博.岩石破裂前红外热像的时空演化特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,30(7):1034-1037.(Liu S J,Wu L X,Zhang Y B.Temporal-spatial evolution features of infrared thermal imagesbefore rock failure[J].Journal of Northeastern Uni-versity,2009,30(7):1034-1037.(in Chinese))
[19]秦四清,徐锡伟,胡平等.孕震断层的多锁固段脆性破裂机制与地震预测新方法的探索[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(4):1001-1014.(Qin S Q,Xu X W,Hu P,etal.Brittle failure mechanism of multiple locked pat-ches in a seismogenic fault system and exploration ona new way foe earthquake prediction[J].ChinsesJournal of Geophysics,2010,53(4):1001-1014.(inChinese))
[20]秦四清,王媛媛,马平.崩滑灾害临界位移演化的指数律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(15):873-880.(Qin S Q,Wang Y Y,Ma P.Expoential laws of criti-cal displacement evolution for landslides and ava-lanches[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2010,29(15):873-880.(in Chinese))
[21]尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕等.岩石破坏声发射平静期及其分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(s2):3383-3390.(Yin X G,Li S L,Tang H Y,et al.Study on quiet period and its fractal characteristics ofrock failure acoustic emission[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(s2):3383-3390.(in Chinese))
[22]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉等.花岗岩破裂全过程的声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(s2):3673-3678.(Zhao X D,Tang C A,Li Y H,et al.Study on AE activity characteristics under uniaxialcompression loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2006,25(s2):3673-3678.(inChinese).)
[23]张茹,谢和平,刘建峰等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,23(15):2499-2503.(Zhang R,Xie H P,Liu J F,et al.Study on acoustic emission chracteristics of uniaxialcompressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,23(15):2499-2503.(in Chinese))
[24]Martin C D.The Strength of Massive Lac du BonnetGranite Around Underground Openings[D].The U-nited States:University of Manitoba,1993.
[25]黄书岭.高应力下脆性岩石的力学模型与工程应用研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2008.(Huang S L.Study on Mechanical Model ofBrittle rock Under High Stress Condition and Its En-gineering Applications[D].Wuhan:Rock and SoilMechanics Institute,2008.(in Chinese))
[26]胡云华.高应力下花岗岩力学特性试验及本构模型研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2008.(Hu Y H.Study on Mechanical Properties ofGranites Under High Pressure Conditions and ItsConstitve Models[D].Wuhan:Rock and Soil Me-chanics Institute,2008.(in Chinese))
[27]杨建平.高应力下花岗岩力学特性试验及本构模型研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2009.(Yang J P.Study of Macro Mechanical Parame-ters of Fractured Rock Mass[D].Wuhan:Thesis,Rock and Soil Mechanics Institute,2009.(in Chi-nese))
[28]Qin S Q,Jiao J J,Li Z G.Nonlinear evolutionarymechanisms of instability of plane-shear slope:catas-trophe,bifurcation,chaos and physical prediction[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2006,39(1):59-76.
[29]薛雷.岩石破裂逾渗临界状态重正化群研究及应用[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2011.(Xue L.Renormalization Study of PercolationCritical State in Rock Failure[D].Beijing:Instituteof Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2011.(in Chinese))
[30]李德春,葛宝堂,舒继森.岩体破坏过程中的电阻率变化试验[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(5):491-493.(Li D C,Ge B T,Shu J S.Experiment of resis-tivity variation of rocks in failure process[J].Journalof China University of Mining&Technology,1999,28(5):491-493.(in Chinese))
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