板桥学校液化带工程地质条件及液化土层特性
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摘要
砂土液化是地震主要次生地质灾害之一。在5.12汶川地震中,德阳等地发生较大面积砂土液化现象。为详细了解液化带工程地质基本特征,选择板桥学校液化带进行详细液化震害调查、钻探和现场试验。结果表明:(1)液化震害典型,主要包括喷水冒砂、地表裂缝、侧移和基础下沉等;(2)砾石层是唯一的无粘性土层,砾石层分为性质不同的全新世沉积和更新世沉积两部分,未见砂层分布;(3)液化土层是全新统砾石层,该砾石的颗粒大小分布特征表现为级配不良,并有粒组缺失现象;(4)非液化盖层对喷出物有过滤作用,砂粒等细颗粒容易沿裂缝喷出地表,卵砾石等粗颗粒受阻留在土层中,导致喷出物为砂土。
Liquefaction is one of the most popular secondary geological disasters in an earthquake.Phenomenon of sand liquefaction was found in the Deyang area in the Wenchuan earthquake.The liquefaction-induced disaster investigation and geotechnical engineering drilling and tests were conducted for the Banqiao School liquefaction zone in order to understand the characteristics of engineering geology.The results indicate that(1) Characteristics of liquefaction-induced disaster was typical,including sand boiling,ground fissure and sidesway,foundation settlement.(2) Gravelly sand,which was divided into the Holocene sediment and the Pleistocene sediment,was the only cohesionless soil which had potential to liquefy in liquefaction size.(3) Real liquefaction soil is gravelly sand layer which is the unconsolidated Holocene sediment.Its graduation is poor.(4) The thicker non-liquefaction cover coat has filtering effect so that the small particles such as sand grains is easy to eject out of ground from fissures and,by comparison,the coarse particles such as gravel particles is difficult to spray.
Liquefaction is one of the most popular secondary geological disasters in an earthquake.Phenomenon of sand liquefaction was found in the Deyang area in the Wenchuan earthquake.The liquefaction-induced disaster investigation and geotechnical engineering drilling and tests were conducted for the Banqiao School liquefaction zone in order to understand the characteristics of engineering geology.The results indicate that(1) Characteristics of liquefaction-induced disaster was typical,including sand boiling,ground fissure and sidesway,foundation settlement.(2) Gravelly sand,which was divided into the Holocene sediment and the Pleistocene sediment,was the only cohesionless soil which had potential to liquefy in liquefaction size.(3) Real liquefaction soil is gravelly sand layer which is the unconsolidated Holocene sediment.Its graduation is poor.(4) The thicker non-liquefaction cover coat has filtering effect so that the small particles such as sand grains is easy to eject out of ground from fissures and,by comparison,the coarse particles such as gravel particles is difficult to spray.
引文
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[2]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.[LIU H X.Hazards of the Tangshan GreatEarthquake[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1989.(in Chinese)]
[3]刘惠珊.1995年阪神大地震的液化特点[J].工程抗震,2001(1):22-26.[LIU H S.Liquefactioncharacteristic in the 1995 Kobe earthquake[J].Engineering anti-seismic,2001(1):22-26.(inChinese)]
[4]任红梅,吕西林,李培振.饱和砂土液化研究进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(6):166-174.[REN H M,LV X L,LI P Z.Advances inliquefaction research on saturated soils[J].Journal ofEarthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(6):166-174.(in Chinese)]
[5]张二勇,周爱国,文冬光,等.汶川地震四川重灾区地质安全综合评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(4):108-111.[ZHANG E Y,ZHOU A G,WEND G,et al.Geological safety evaluation for Wenchuanearthquake severe hit area in Sichuan Province[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2009,36(4):108-111.(in Chinese)]
[6]曹振中,侯龙清,袁晓铭,等.汶川8.0级地震液化震害及特征[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3549-3555.[CAO Z Z,HOU L Q,YUAN X M,et al.Characteristics of liquefaction-induced damages duringWenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2010,31(11):3549-3555.(inChinese)].
[7]杜国云,邢秀臣.龙门山前砂土液化初步研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(1):108-112.[DUG Y,XING X C.Research on the soil liquefaction inthe piedmont region of the Longmen Mountain[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2010,37(1):108-112.(in Chinese)]
[8]GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.[GB50011-2001Codefor seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture and Building Press,2001.(inChinese)].
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