NEES系统中振动离心机最新进展及国内振动离心机发展设想
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摘要
美国地震工程网络模拟系统(NEES)代表了国际地震工程试验技术的最新发展趋势,其中振动离心机的建设占有重要地位,而国内振动离心机的现状与我国辽阔的地域、复杂的工程地质条件、高速发展的经济建设以及严峻的地震形势十分不相称。文中概述了我国振动离心机的现状和客观需求,对NEES系统中振动离心机的发展进行了跟踪研究,通过分析UCDavis和RPI两台振动离心机的发展历程和最新进展,阐述了我国振动离心机发展的必要性及重点。强调应加强离心机振动台技术的研发,根据国内当前土动力学和岩土地震工程科学研究的需要,提出了以振动负载为主要指标的思想,指出了发展重点应放在振动负载、频宽、多向、低频位移、辅助试验功能和网络化功能等方面,对一些重要指标提出了建议。
The Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation(NEES)in the United States represents the latest experimental techniques in earthquake engineering,in which the centrifugal shaker construction plays an important role.Nevertheless,the present domestic centrifugal shaker situation is remarkably not adaptable to the wide territory,complicated engineering geotechnical conditions,rapid economy growth and serious seismic risks in China.The state-of art for the domestic centrifugal shaker techniques and the objective demands is outlined,and it closely follows the progress of NEES centrifugal shakers.By analyzing the developmental histories and latest information of the centrifugal shakers at UC Davis and RPI,it proposes the necessities and developing keys to build the centrifugal shakers in China.Also it emphasizes significance of technology platform research and development of the centrifugal shaker,and according to the requirements of researching soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering in China,are proposed developing keys as shaking loading,frequency bandwidth,directional multitudes,low-frequency displacements,auxiliary experimental functions and network etc.Finally,suggestions for some important technique specifications of the centrifugal shaker to be developed are provided.
The Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation(NEES)in the United States represents the latest experimental techniques in earthquake engineering,in which the centrifugal shaker construction plays an important role.Nevertheless,the present domestic centrifugal shaker situation is remarkably not adaptable to the wide territory,complicated engineering geotechnical conditions,rapid economy growth and serious seismic risks in China.The state-of art for the domestic centrifugal shaker techniques and the objective demands is outlined,and it closely follows the progress of NEES centrifugal shakers.By analyzing the developmental histories and latest information of the centrifugal shakers at UC Davis and RPI,it proposes the necessities and developing keys to build the centrifugal shakers in China.Also it emphasizes significance of technology platform research and development of the centrifugal shaker,and according to the requirements of researching soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering in China,are proposed developing keys as shaking loading,frequency bandwidth,directional multitudes,low-frequency displacements,auxiliary experimental functions and network etc.Finally,suggestions for some important technique specifications of the centrifugal shaker to be developed are provided.
引文
[1]于玉贞,陈正发.土工离心机振动台系统的发展研究[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(5):19-21.Yu Yuzhen,Chen Zhengfa.Areviewon development of shaking table system for geotechnical centrifuge[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engi-neering,2005,36(5):19-21.
[2]章为民,赖忠中,徐光明.电液式土工离心机振动台的研制[J].水利水运工程学报,2002,(1):63-66.Zhang Weimin,Lai Zhongzhong,Xu Guangming.Development of an electro-hydraulic shake table for the centrifuge[J].Hydro-science and Engineer-ing,2002,(1):63-66.
[3]董龙雷,闰桂荣,廖红建.岩土工程中动态离心模型试验技术的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):789-793.Dong Longlei,Yan Guirong,Liao Hongjian.The dynamic centrifuge model test in geotechnical engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2000,19(6):789-793.
[4]Taylor R N.Geotechnical centrifuge technology[M].Glasgow,UK:Blackie Academic and Profeesional,1995.
[5]胡黎明,劳敏慈,张建红,等.离心模型试验技术在环境岩土工程中的应用现状与展望[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(4):327-330.Hu Liming,Lao Minci,ZhangJianhong.Application of centrifuge modelingtechnique in geo-environmental engineering[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences.2001,10(4):327-330.
[6]白冰,周健.土工离心模型试验技术的一些进展[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(1):36-39.Bai Bing,Zhou Jian,Some advances in geotechnical centrifuge model test technology[J].DamObservation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(1):36-39.
[7]张俊,杨志银.土工离心模型试验的发展与应用[J].岩土工程界,2004,8(6):29-30.Zhang Jun,Yang Zhiyin.Development and application of geotechnical centrifugal model test[J].Geotechnical Engineering World,2004,8(6):29-30.
[8]周健,刘宁.离心模型试验技术应用的新进展[J].上海地质,2002,(1):52-56.Zhou Jian,Liu Ning.The latest application of centrifuge model test[J].Shanghai Geology,2002,(1):52-56.
[9]冉光斌.土工离心机及振动台发展概述[J].环境技术,2007,25(3):25-29.Ran Guangbin.Summarization of geotechnical centrifuge and table vibrator’s development[J].Environmental Technology Magazine,2007,25(3):25-29.
[10]朱维新.土工离心模型试验研究综述[J].岩土工程学报,1986,8(2):82-95.Zhu Weixin.Centrifuge modeling for geotechnical engineering in the world[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,8(2):82-95.
[11]包承纲.我国离心模拟试验技术的现状和展望[J].岩土工程学报,1991,13(6):92-97.Bao Chenggang.State and prospect of centrifugal model test in Chinap[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1991,13(6):92-97.
[12]张建民,于玉贞,濮家骝,等.电液伺服控制离心机振动台系统研制[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(6):843-845.Zhang Jianmin,Yu Yuzhen,Pu Jialiu,et al.Development of a shaking table in electro-hydraulic servo-control centrifuge[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(6):843-845.
[13]邢建营,邢义川,梁建辉.土工离心模型试验研究的进展与思考[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2005,3(1):27-31.Xing Jianying,Xing Yichuan,Liang Jianhui.Development and thoughts of geotechnical centrifuge modeling[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2005,3(1):27-31.
[14]陈正发,于玉贞.土工动力离心模型试验研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):4026-4033.Chen Zhengfa,Yu Yuzhen.Areviewon development of geotechnical dynamic centrifugal model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2006,25(Supp.2):4026-4033.
[15]侯瑜京.土工离心机振动台及其试验技术[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2006,4(1):15-22.Hou Yujing.Centrifuge shakers and testing technique[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2006,4(1):15-22.
[16]吴宏伟,侯瑜京,Vanlaak P A.饱和堤坝单向及双向动力离心模型试验[C]//第九届土力学及岩土工程学术会议论文集.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:1049-1052.
[17]袁晓铭.地震工程学与地震灾害预防发展规划研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5):80-91.
[18]吕建民,郭玉荣,肖岩.结构远程协同试验研究进展[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2006,23(4):38-43.Lu Jianmin,Guo Yurong,Xiao Yan,Research advances of structural remote collaborative experiments[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil En-gineering.2006,23(4):38-43.
[19]王自法.地震工程研究的科学大平台[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(6):1-9.Wang Zifa.An open platform for simulation of earthquake engineering damage[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration.2007,27(6):1-9.
[20]郭迅.地震工程试验联网最新进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(4):37-41.Guo Xun.New advances of the project of network of earthquake engineering simulation[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(4):37-41.
[21]茹继平,肖岩.美国地震工程模拟网络系统NEES计划及其在我国试验远程协同结构试验的设想[J].建筑结构学报,2002,23(6):91-94.Ru Jiping,Xiao Yan.The American plan of Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation and the idea of realization of long-distance coordi-native structural experiment in China[J].Journal of Building Structures.2002,23(6):91-94.
[22]http://www.nees.org/
[23]http://www.nsf.gov/
[24]Wilson D W,Boulanger R W,Feng Xin,et al.The NEES geotechnical centrifuge at UC Davis[C].13WCEE,Canada,2004.
[25]http://cgmfileserver.ucdavis.edu/
[26]Adalier K,Elgamal A W.Experimental results of model No.7at RPI[C]//Proceeding of the International Conference on Verification of Numeri-cal Procedures for the Analysis of Soil Liquefaction Problems.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1993:799-808.
[27]包承纲,饶锡保.土工离心模型的试验原理[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(2):1-7.Bao Chenggang,Rao Xibao.Principle of the geotechnical centrifuge model test[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1998,15(2):1-7.
[28]邓丽军,陈正发,于玉贞,等.电液伺服土工离心机振动台数据采集系统开发[J].试验技术与管理,2006,23(8):58-61.Deng Lijun,Chen Zhengfa,Yu Yuzhen,et al.Development of data acquisition system for centrifuge shaking table[J].Experimental Technology and Management.2006,23(8):58-61.
[29]杜延龄.大型土工离心机基本设计原则[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(6):10-17.Du Yanling.Fundamental design principles of large geotechnical centrifuge[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1993,15(6):10-17.
[30]Takemura J,Takahashi A,Aoki Y.Development of horizontal-vertical2D shaker in a centrifuge[C]//Physical Modeling in Geotechnics:ICPMG’02.Cannda,163-168.
[2]章为民,赖忠中,徐光明.电液式土工离心机振动台的研制[J].水利水运工程学报,2002,(1):63-66.Zhang Weimin,Lai Zhongzhong,Xu Guangming.Development of an electro-hydraulic shake table for the centrifuge[J].Hydro-science and Engineer-ing,2002,(1):63-66.
[3]董龙雷,闰桂荣,廖红建.岩土工程中动态离心模型试验技术的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):789-793.Dong Longlei,Yan Guirong,Liao Hongjian.The dynamic centrifuge model test in geotechnical engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2000,19(6):789-793.
[4]Taylor R N.Geotechnical centrifuge technology[M].Glasgow,UK:Blackie Academic and Profeesional,1995.
[5]胡黎明,劳敏慈,张建红,等.离心模型试验技术在环境岩土工程中的应用现状与展望[J].土壤与环境,2001,10(4):327-330.Hu Liming,Lao Minci,ZhangJianhong.Application of centrifuge modelingtechnique in geo-environmental engineering[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences.2001,10(4):327-330.
[6]白冰,周健.土工离心模型试验技术的一些进展[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(1):36-39.Bai Bing,Zhou Jian,Some advances in geotechnical centrifuge model test technology[J].DamObservation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(1):36-39.
[7]张俊,杨志银.土工离心模型试验的发展与应用[J].岩土工程界,2004,8(6):29-30.Zhang Jun,Yang Zhiyin.Development and application of geotechnical centrifugal model test[J].Geotechnical Engineering World,2004,8(6):29-30.
[8]周健,刘宁.离心模型试验技术应用的新进展[J].上海地质,2002,(1):52-56.Zhou Jian,Liu Ning.The latest application of centrifuge model test[J].Shanghai Geology,2002,(1):52-56.
[9]冉光斌.土工离心机及振动台发展概述[J].环境技术,2007,25(3):25-29.Ran Guangbin.Summarization of geotechnical centrifuge and table vibrator’s development[J].Environmental Technology Magazine,2007,25(3):25-29.
[10]朱维新.土工离心模型试验研究综述[J].岩土工程学报,1986,8(2):82-95.Zhu Weixin.Centrifuge modeling for geotechnical engineering in the world[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,8(2):82-95.
[11]包承纲.我国离心模拟试验技术的现状和展望[J].岩土工程学报,1991,13(6):92-97.Bao Chenggang.State and prospect of centrifugal model test in Chinap[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1991,13(6):92-97.
[12]张建民,于玉贞,濮家骝,等.电液伺服控制离心机振动台系统研制[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(6):843-845.Zhang Jianmin,Yu Yuzhen,Pu Jialiu,et al.Development of a shaking table in electro-hydraulic servo-control centrifuge[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(6):843-845.
[13]邢建营,邢义川,梁建辉.土工离心模型试验研究的进展与思考[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2005,3(1):27-31.Xing Jianying,Xing Yichuan,Liang Jianhui.Development and thoughts of geotechnical centrifuge modeling[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2005,3(1):27-31.
[14]陈正发,于玉贞.土工动力离心模型试验研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):4026-4033.Chen Zhengfa,Yu Yuzhen.Areviewon development of geotechnical dynamic centrifugal model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2006,25(Supp.2):4026-4033.
[15]侯瑜京.土工离心机振动台及其试验技术[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2006,4(1):15-22.Hou Yujing.Centrifuge shakers and testing technique[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2006,4(1):15-22.
[16]吴宏伟,侯瑜京,Vanlaak P A.饱和堤坝单向及双向动力离心模型试验[C]//第九届土力学及岩土工程学术会议论文集.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:1049-1052.
[17]袁晓铭.地震工程学与地震灾害预防发展规划研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5):80-91.
[18]吕建民,郭玉荣,肖岩.结构远程协同试验研究进展[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2006,23(4):38-43.Lu Jianmin,Guo Yurong,Xiao Yan,Research advances of structural remote collaborative experiments[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil En-gineering.2006,23(4):38-43.
[19]王自法.地震工程研究的科学大平台[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(6):1-9.Wang Zifa.An open platform for simulation of earthquake engineering damage[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration.2007,27(6):1-9.
[20]郭迅.地震工程试验联网最新进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(4):37-41.Guo Xun.New advances of the project of network of earthquake engineering simulation[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(4):37-41.
[21]茹继平,肖岩.美国地震工程模拟网络系统NEES计划及其在我国试验远程协同结构试验的设想[J].建筑结构学报,2002,23(6):91-94.Ru Jiping,Xiao Yan.The American plan of Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation and the idea of realization of long-distance coordi-native structural experiment in China[J].Journal of Building Structures.2002,23(6):91-94.
[22]http://www.nees.org/
[23]http://www.nsf.gov/
[24]Wilson D W,Boulanger R W,Feng Xin,et al.The NEES geotechnical centrifuge at UC Davis[C].13WCEE,Canada,2004.
[25]http://cgmfileserver.ucdavis.edu/
[26]Adalier K,Elgamal A W.Experimental results of model No.7at RPI[C]//Proceeding of the International Conference on Verification of Numeri-cal Procedures for the Analysis of Soil Liquefaction Problems.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1993:799-808.
[27]包承纲,饶锡保.土工离心模型的试验原理[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(2):1-7.Bao Chenggang,Rao Xibao.Principle of the geotechnical centrifuge model test[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1998,15(2):1-7.
[28]邓丽军,陈正发,于玉贞,等.电液伺服土工离心机振动台数据采集系统开发[J].试验技术与管理,2006,23(8):58-61.Deng Lijun,Chen Zhengfa,Yu Yuzhen,et al.Development of data acquisition system for centrifuge shaking table[J].Experimental Technology and Management.2006,23(8):58-61.
[29]杜延龄.大型土工离心机基本设计原则[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(6):10-17.Du Yanling.Fundamental design principles of large geotechnical centrifuge[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1993,15(6):10-17.
[30]Takemura J,Takahashi A,Aoki Y.Development of horizontal-vertical2D shaker in a centrifuge[C]//Physical Modeling in Geotechnics:ICPMG’02.Cannda,163-168.
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