基于试验测量的高层结构整体抗震损伤评估
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摘要
结构的损伤模型可以从材料、构件和整体三个层次研究。整体结构损伤模型主要以结构整体为研究对象,从结构的整体反应参数变化研究结构整体性能的变化规律,并对在地震作用下结构的损伤、抗震性能进行分析。结构损伤时物理参数的变化,必将引起动力参数的变化。因此可以通过动力测试来捕捉结构动力参数的变化,如:结构损伤前后固有频率、模态振型和阻尼的变化,可以进行结构损伤诊断。结合在同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室做过的几十个模拟地震振动台试验测试结果,统计和总结地震作用下高层建筑结构自振频率与阻尼比的变化规律,提出了一种新的损伤模型与损伤指标。该损伤模型综合考虑了高阶振型、振型参与系数、结构自振频率、阻尼比等影响因素。最后,用该损伤模型和损伤指标对其中3个典型的高层建筑结构模型模拟地震振动台试验数据进行验证,结果表明:该损伤模型与试验现象基本吻合。可对既有工程结构快速准确地进行动力损伤识别与评估。
There are three types of building damage model based on materials,components and overall structure.The overall structural damage model is studied on the whole structure as an object.Structural responses of inherent property parameter and their variations are reflected in the overall structural performance.And the structural seismic performance and its damage are analyzed before earthquake and after different levels of earthquake.Due to injury or even damage after earthquake,some changes in the structural inherent property parameter are incurred,leading to some changes in dynamic parameter responses.Therefore,to capture dynamic parameters in the dynamic structural testing,such as,inherent frequencies,mode shapes and damping,can diagnose the structural damage.Combined with dozens of shaking table test results,tested in the State Key Lab for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,in Tongji University,the variations of inherent frequency and damping ratio of tall buildings under earthquake has been counted and summarized.Then,a new damage model and damage index are proposed,considering higher modes,mode participation factors,the inherent frequencies,damping ratios and other factors.Finally,to validate the damage model and damage index,they are used in the model shaking table test data three typical high-rise building structures.The results show that the damage model and index is consistent with the experimental phenomena.So,it can be applied to the existing structure to identify and assess the dynamic damage quickly and accurately.
There are three types of building damage model based on materials,components and overall structure.The overall structural damage model is studied on the whole structure as an object.Structural responses of inherent property parameter and their variations are reflected in the overall structural performance.And the structural seismic performance and its damage are analyzed before earthquake and after different levels of earthquake.Due to injury or even damage after earthquake,some changes in the structural inherent property parameter are incurred,leading to some changes in dynamic parameter responses.Therefore,to capture dynamic parameters in the dynamic structural testing,such as,inherent frequencies,mode shapes and damping,can diagnose the structural damage.Combined with dozens of shaking table test results,tested in the State Key Lab for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,in Tongji University,the variations of inherent frequency and damping ratio of tall buildings under earthquake has been counted and summarized.Then,a new damage model and damage index are proposed,considering higher modes,mode participation factors,the inherent frequencies,damping ratios and other factors.Finally,to validate the damage model and damage index,they are used in the model shaking table test data three typical high-rise building structures.The results show that the damage model and index is consistent with the experimental phenomena.So,it can be applied to the existing structure to identify and assess the dynamic damage quickly and accurately.
引文
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[12]张相庭.结构阻尼耗能假设及在振动计算中的应用[J].振动与冲击,1982,1(2):12～21.
[13]吕西林,邹昀,卢文胜,赵斌.环球金融中心大厦结构模型振动台抗震试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(3):57～63.
[14]李检保,吕西林,卢文胜,赵斌,侯光瑜,陈彬磊.北京LG大厦单塔结构整体模型模拟地震振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(2):10～14.
[15]龚治国,吕西林,卢文胜,李培振,杨松,赵斌.混合结构体系高层建筑模拟地震振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(4):99～105.
[2]续秀忠,华宏星,陈兆能.基于环境激励的模态参数辨识方法综述[J].振动与冲击,2002,21(3):1～5.
[3]Ibrahim S R.Random decrement technique for modalidentification of structures[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1977,14(11):696～700.
[4]B.R.Ellis.Full-scale measurement of the dynamic characteristicsof building in the UK[J].Journal of Wind Engineering andIndustrial Aerodynamics,1996,59:365～382.
[5]欧进萍,吴波.钢筋混凝土结构在主余震作用下的概率累积损伤分析[J].力学季刊,1993,14(4):63～70.
[6]施卫星,汪洋,刘成清.基于频率测量的高层建筑地震作用损伤分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(04):389～394.
[7]刘成清.钢管混凝土斜交网格柱外筒混合结构抗震性能研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2009:114～130.
[8]段志平,张亚.结构阻尼识别的方法及比较[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(10):208～212.
[9]Kenichi Suda,Naoki Satake,Junichiro Ono,Atsushi Sasaki.Damping properties of building in Japan[J].Journal of WindEngineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,59:383～392.
[10]施卫星,王进.钢筋混凝土框架结构动力特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(6):87～91.
[11]樊海涛,何益斌,肖宏彬.钢筋混凝土建筑非线性阻尼性能及阻尼比表达式研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(5):85～90.
[12]张相庭.结构阻尼耗能假设及在振动计算中的应用[J].振动与冲击,1982,1(2):12～21.
[13]吕西林,邹昀,卢文胜,赵斌.环球金融中心大厦结构模型振动台抗震试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(3):57～63.
[14]李检保,吕西林,卢文胜,赵斌,侯光瑜,陈彬磊.北京LG大厦单塔结构整体模型模拟地震振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(2):10～14.
[15]龚治国,吕西林,卢文胜,李培振,杨松,赵斌.混合结构体系高层建筑模拟地震振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(4):99～105.
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