逆冲断层破裂规律的相似模拟试验与数值模拟
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摘要
为了深入揭示逆冲断层在沉积层中的破裂规律,采用相似材料模拟试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,利用投影条纹法测量模型表面位移,利用ANSYS软件模拟了不同的基岩断层倾角θ和沉积层厚度δ条件下逆冲断层在沉积层中的破裂演化过程。相似试验和数值模拟结果表明:(1)基岩中逆断层的活动沿着逆断层倾角θ向沉积层内扩展,且基岩上盘破坏较下盘剧烈,断层间以挤压作用为主,θ和δ是影响逆断层破裂扩展的重要因素;(2)θ在一定范围内,且在相同沉积层厚度δ和外载条件下,θ增加使逆断层逐渐发育至沉积层表面,并在表面形成:宽度逐渐减小的变形带,宽度逐渐增大的等效应力带,表现为离面位移逐渐增大,沉积层的变形破坏更剧烈;(3)δ在一定范围内,且在相同θ和外载条件下,δ增加使沉积层的变形位移在垂向上降低并转为横向传递,且横向影响范围逐渐增大,逆冲断层破裂存在三种扩展形式。数值模拟结果与相似试验结果具有较好的一致性,研究结果为确定逆冲断层发震产生的变形和破坏提供了基本依据。
Using similar material experiment and numerical simulation,thrust fault rupture features were researched in sedimentary rock.The model surface displacements were measured on the basis of fringe projection technique.And thrust fault models with different fault-dip θ and sedimentary thickness δ were simulated by ANSYS software.Conclusions are as follows:(1) thrust fault activities expand to sedimentary rock along fault-dip direction.Damage caused by compression is the main effect,and θ and δ are the main factors in bedrock hanging wall;(2) under the same δ and load condition,deformation and equivalent stress zones appear on the sedimentary surface as θ increases,but deformation zones decrease.The equivalent stress zones and out-of-plane displacement are increased,the damage is serious;(3) Under the same θ and load condition,as δ increases,the deformation in sedimentary rock reduces in vertical direction and is transferred to horizontal direction,the influence range in horizontal direction increases gradually.The sedimentary rock's deformation is divided into three forms.In conclusion,the simulation results accord with the experiment results,which provide a theoretical basis for estimating the earthquake damage caused by thrust fault.
Using similar material experiment and numerical simulation,thrust fault rupture features were researched in sedimentary rock.The model surface displacements were measured on the basis of fringe projection technique.And thrust fault models with different fault-dip θ and sedimentary thickness δ were simulated by ANSYS software.Conclusions are as follows:(1) thrust fault activities expand to sedimentary rock along fault-dip direction.Damage caused by compression is the main effect,and θ and δ are the main factors in bedrock hanging wall;(2) under the same δ and load condition,deformation and equivalent stress zones appear on the sedimentary surface as θ increases,but deformation zones decrease.The equivalent stress zones and out-of-plane displacement are increased,the damage is serious;(3) Under the same θ and load condition,as δ increases,the deformation in sedimentary rock reduces in vertical direction and is transferred to horizontal direction,the influence range in horizontal direction increases gradually.The sedimentary rock's deformation is divided into three forms.In conclusion,the simulation results accord with the experiment results,which provide a theoretical basis for estimating the earthquake damage caused by thrust fault.
引文
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[2]MA Shaopeng,JIN Guanchang.Digital speckle correlation method improved by genetic algorithm[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2003,16(4):366-373.
[3]代树红,马胜利,潘一山,等.隐伏逆断层破裂扩展特征的实验研究及其地震地质意义[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):945-957.DAI Shuhong,MA Shengli,PAN Yishan,et al.Experimental study on rupture propagation of buried reverse fault and its seismogeological signifi-cance[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):945-957.(in Chinese)
[4]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.ZHANG Peizhen,XU Xiwei,WEN Xueze,et al.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone,and tectonic implica-tions for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4):1066-1073.(in Chinese)
[5]Lee J S.Speckle suppression and analysis for SAR images[J].Opt Eng.1986,25(5):636-643.
[6]朱守彪,邢会林,谢富仁,等.地震发生过程的有限单元法模拟———以苏门答腊俯冲带上的大地震为例[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(2):460-468.ZHU Shoubiao,XING Huilin,XIE Furen,et al.Simulation of earthquake processes by finite element method:The case of megathrust earthquakeson the Sumatra subduction zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(2):460-468.(in Chinese)
[7]陈宇卫,黄显良,王行舟,等.震源区构造对地震学参数扫描结果的影响分析[J].地震地质,2009,31(3):433-440.CHEN Yuwei,HUANG Xianliang,WANG Xingzhou,et al.Anlysis of impact of source region structure on seismology parameter scan results[J].Seismology and Geology,2009,31(3):433-440.(in Chinese)
[8]代树红,马胜利,潘一山,等.隐伏走滑断层破裂扩展特征的实验研究[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):635-645.DAI Shuhong,MA Shengli,PAN Yishan,et al.Experimental study on rupture propagation along buried strike-slip fault[J].Seismology and Ge-ology,2006,28(4):635-645.(in Chinese)
[9]李建军,邵生俊,王超.岩质断层地基及其治理措施分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增2):344-348.LI Jianjun,SHAO Shengjun,WANG Chao.Fault foundation and its reinforcing measures[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(Supp 2):344-348.(in Chinese)
[10]王虎,冉勇康,陈立春,等.地表破裂型逆断层地表缩短量计算方法探讨-以汶川8.0地震地表变形为例[J].地震地质,2008,30(4):1033-1045.WANG Hu,RAN Yongkang,CHEN Lichun,et al.The discussion on the calculation method of surface shortening amount due to reverse-faultingsurface rupture:with the example of surface deformation of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(4):1033-1045.(in Chinese)
[11]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1887-1891.LI Haibo,JIANG Huijun,ZHAO Jian,et al.Some problems about safety analysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1887-1891.(in Chinese)
[12]肖明,陈俊涛.大型地下洞室复杂地质断层数值模拟分析方法[J].岩土力学,2006,27(6):880-884.XIAO Ming,CHEN Juntao.Numerical simulation and analysis method of complex geologic faults in large underground chamber[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2006,27(6):880-884.(in Chinese)
[13]卢兴利,刘泉声,吴昌勇,等.断层破裂带附近采场采动效应的流固耦合分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增):165-168.LU Xingli,LIU Quansheng,WU Changyong,et al.Hydro-mechnaical coupling analysis of mining effect around fault fractured zone[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2009,30(Supp):165-168.(in Chinese)
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