高拱坝气幕隔震及其非线性效应的数值仿真
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摘要
为了研究气幕非线性对高拱坝气幕隔震效果的影响,基于高拱坝气幕隔震控制的气-液-固3相耦合数值模型,在该模型中引入了气幕的材料非线性,完成了锦屏一级高拱坝在汶川地震波作用下的气幕隔震效果研究,并与不考虑气幕非线性的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:气幕可以显著降低拱坝上游坝面的动水压力。气幕厚度为1 m时,正常蓄水位及死水位工况,上游坝面最大动水压力分别降低70.2%和75.3%。气幕使拉应力的量值普遍降低,应力分布得到改善,拱坝的整体抗震性能得到显著提高。气幕非线性所导致的动水压力误差小于10%,因此,当动水压力在总水压力中所占比例较小时,可忽略气幕单元的材料非线性。
In order to study the influence of nonlinearity to air cushion isolation effects of high arch dams,the gas-liquid-solid tri-phase coupling numerical model of the air cushion isolation control of high arch dams was presented,in which the material nonlinearity of air cushion was considered.The isolation effect simulation of Jinping high arch dam under Wenchuan seismic wave was carried out,and the results were compared to the ones neglecting the air cushion nonlinearity.It was showed that air cushion reduces the hydrodynamic pressure significantly.In normal and dead water level,the maximum of hydrodynamic pressure is reduced 70.2% and 75.3%,respectively with 1 m air cushion.Air cushion also causes a general reduction of tension stress and an improvement of stress distribution.Thereby,the anti-seismic capacity of the arch dam is improved significantly.Compared with the results neglecting the air cushion nonlinearity,the error of hydrodynamic pressure is less than 10%.Therefore,when the proportion of hydrodynamic pressure in total pressure is smaller,the material nonlinearity of air cushion can be ignored in air cushion isolation simulation of high arch dams.
In order to study the influence of nonlinearity to air cushion isolation effects of high arch dams,the gas-liquid-solid tri-phase coupling numerical model of the air cushion isolation control of high arch dams was presented,in which the material nonlinearity of air cushion was considered.The isolation effect simulation of Jinping high arch dam under Wenchuan seismic wave was carried out,and the results were compared to the ones neglecting the air cushion nonlinearity.It was showed that air cushion reduces the hydrodynamic pressure significantly.In normal and dead water level,the maximum of hydrodynamic pressure is reduced 70.2% and 75.3%,respectively with 1 m air cushion.Air cushion also causes a general reduction of tension stress and an improvement of stress distribution.Thereby,the anti-seismic capacity of the arch dam is improved significantly.Compared with the results neglecting the air cushion nonlinearity,the error of hydrodynamic pressure is less than 10%.Therefore,when the proportion of hydrodynamic pressure in total pressure is smaller,the material nonlinearity of air cushion can be ignored in air cushion isolation simulation of high arch dams.
引文
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[13]Chen Jiang.Concentrated seepage monitoring method basedon FBG for high rock-fill dams and research of air-cushion i-solation of high arch dams[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Universi-ty,2009.[陈江.基于FBG的高土石坝集中渗流监测方法及高拱坝气幕隔震研究[D].成都:四川大学,2009.]
[14]Zhang Shaojie,Chen Jiang,Zhang Yuanze,et al.Isolationeffect of air-cushion in high arch dams considering viscous-spring artificial boundary condition[J].Journal of HydraulicEngineering,2011,42(2):238-244.[张少杰,陈江,张元泽,等.基于黏弹性人工边界的高拱坝气幕隔震效果[J].水利学报,2011,42(2):238-244.]
[15]Zhang S J,Chen J,Zhang Y Z,et al.Research of air-cush-ion isolation effects on high arch damreservoir[J].Acta Me-chanica Sinica,2011,27(5):675-686.
[16]Zhong Hong,Lin Gao,Li Xiaoyan,et al.Seismic failuremodeling of concrete dams considering heterogeneity of con-crete[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2011,31(12):1678-1689.
[2]Guo Yonggang,Sun Wuji,Liu Xiangao.Numerical modelingof aseismic reinforcement between contraction joints in higharch dam[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2007,24(1):16-20.[郭永刚,孙五继,刘宪亮.高拱坝伸缩横缝间布设抗震钢筋的动力反应分析[J].应用力学学报,2007,24(1):16-20.]
[3]Pan Jianwen,Long Yuchuan,Zhang Chuhan.Seismic crack-ing of arch dams and effectiveness of strengthening by rein-forcement[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(8):926-932.[潘坚文,龙渝川,张楚汉.高拱坝强震开裂与配筋效果研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(8):926-932.]
[4]Long Yuchuan,Xu Shaoqian,Gao Xuechao.A study of canti-lever reinforcement for high arch dam to resist strong earth-quakes[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(S1):178-183.[龙渝川,许绍乾,高雪超.高拱坝梁向配筋抗震措施效果研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(S1):178-183.]
[5]Liu H W,Zhang S J,Chen J,et al.Simulation analysis theoryand experimental verification of air-cushion isolation controlof high concrete dams[J].Science China:Technological Sci-ences,2011,54:2854-2868.
[6]Li Nansheng,Lou Menglin,Zhou Jing,et al.Seismic re-sponse of high-arch dams with contraction joints connectedby springs and dampers[J].China Civil Engineering Jour-nal,2008,41(5):94-99.[李南生,楼梦麟,周晶,等.拱坝横缝间附加弹簧、阻尼的减震计算[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(5):94-99.]
[7]Guo Yonggang,Tu Jin,Chen Houqun.Study on effect ofdamper between contraction joints on seismic response of thehigh arch dam[J].World Information on Earthquake Engi-neering,2003,19(3):44-49.[郭永刚,涂劲,陈厚群.高拱坝伸缩横缝间布设阻尼器对坝体地震反应影响的研究[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(3):44-49.]
[8]Sun Wanquan.Seismic response control of high arch damsincluding contraction joint usingnonlinear super-elastic SMAdamper[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25(9):3762-3767.
[9]Luo Bingyan,Xu Yanjie,Wang Guanglun.Nonlinear dynam-ic analysis of Dagangshan arch dam with considering damperreinforcement[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2007,26(1):67-70.[罗秉艳,徐艳杰,王光伦.大岗山拱坝考虑阻尼器抗震措施的非线性动力反应分析[J].水力发电学报,2007,26(1):67-70.]
[10]Long Wenfei,Liu Haowu.Numerical analysis the vibration-control effects of air cushion isolations in hydraulic dams[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science E-dition,2005,37(2):38-42.[隆文非,刘浩吾.大坝气幕隔震效果的数值模拟分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2005,37(2):38-42.]
[11]Chen Jiang,Zhang Shaojie,Liu Haowu.3D numerical simu-lation of air-cushion isolation effects on high arch dams[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(11):134-138.[陈江,张少杰,刘浩吾.高拱坝气幕隔震效果的三维数值模拟[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(11):134-138.]
[12]Liu Haowu,Chen Jiang,Yang Zhaohui,et al.Theory andnumerical simulation of multi-field dynamic coupling of higharch dam seismic control[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engi-neering,2009,28(5):163-168.[刘浩吾,陈江,杨朝晖,等.高拱坝减震控制的动力耦合理论与数值仿真[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(5):163-168.]
[13]Chen Jiang.Concentrated seepage monitoring method basedon FBG for high rock-fill dams and research of air-cushion i-solation of high arch dams[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Universi-ty,2009.[陈江.基于FBG的高土石坝集中渗流监测方法及高拱坝气幕隔震研究[D].成都:四川大学,2009.]
[14]Zhang Shaojie,Chen Jiang,Zhang Yuanze,et al.Isolationeffect of air-cushion in high arch dams considering viscous-spring artificial boundary condition[J].Journal of HydraulicEngineering,2011,42(2):238-244.[张少杰,陈江,张元泽,等.基于黏弹性人工边界的高拱坝气幕隔震效果[J].水利学报,2011,42(2):238-244.]
[15]Zhang S J,Chen J,Zhang Y Z,et al.Research of air-cush-ion isolation effects on high arch damreservoir[J].Acta Me-chanica Sinica,2011,27(5):675-686.
[16]Zhong Hong,Lin Gao,Li Xiaoyan,et al.Seismic failuremodeling of concrete dams considering heterogeneity of con-crete[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2011,31(12):1678-1689.
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