关于深层砂土液化判定方法的探讨——以港珠澳特大桥水下隧道工程场地为例
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摘要
以港珠澳特大桥海底隧道工程场地为例,利用振动三轴液化试验结果,并结合等效线性化土层地震反应分析方法间接获取的土层等效循环剪应力,对该工程场地所涉及的覆盖层43 m深度范围内存在的砂土层进行液化可能性判定,进而采用动力反应分析液化势的方法进行液化程度的详细判定。结果表明:20 m以下的饱和砂土层也存在着不同程度液化的可能。因目前我国尚无关于深层砂土液化具体判定的统一规范,故所用方法对深层砂土液化的详细判定具有较好的参考和借鉴意义。
In order to evaluate the liquefaction of sandy soil in a depth range from surface to 43 m for the undersea tunnel project of the Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao Great Bridge in detail,the method which combines the experiment data from the dynamic triaxial liquefaction test and the equivalent uniform cyclic shear stress deduced from the analysis method of equivalent linearized seismic response of soil layers,is used to give a primary evaluation.Then,the dynamic response method for potential liquefaction analysis is used to further evaluate and classify the liquefaction in detail.The result shows that liquefaction is still possible for the sandy soil with the depth more than 20 m.Considering that there is no specific code yet in Chinese Mainland for the evaluation of liquefaction of sandy soil with the depth more than 20 m,the strategy and method in this paper which are used to evaluate the sandy soil liquefaction in deep layer will be useful for references.
In order to evaluate the liquefaction of sandy soil in a depth range from surface to 43 m for the undersea tunnel project of the Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao Great Bridge in detail,the method which combines the experiment data from the dynamic triaxial liquefaction test and the equivalent uniform cyclic shear stress deduced from the analysis method of equivalent linearized seismic response of soil layers,is used to give a primary evaluation.Then,the dynamic response method for potential liquefaction analysis is used to further evaluate and classify the liquefaction in detail.The result shows that liquefaction is still possible for the sandy soil with the depth more than 20 m.Considering that there is no specific code yet in Chinese Mainland for the evaluation of liquefaction of sandy soil with the depth more than 20 m,the strategy and method in this paper which are used to evaluate the sandy soil liquefaction in deep layer will be useful for references.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB50011—2010Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architectureand Building Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[2]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GBJ11—89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GBJ11—89 Codefor seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[3]中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTGT B02–01—2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.(Ministry of Transport ofthe People s Republic of China.JTGT B02–01—2008.Guidelines forseismic design of highway bridges[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2008.(in Chinese))
[4]李小军.一维土层地震反应线性化计算程序[M]//廖振鹏.地震小区划——理论与实践.北京:地震出版社,1989:250–265.(LIXiaojun.One-dimensional equivalent linearization program forseismic response of soil layer[M]//LIAO Zhenpeng.SeismicMicrozonation:Theory and Practice.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1989:250–265.(in Chinese))
[5]周相国,邢贵发,苏玉国.天津地区饱和粉土地震液化的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3813–3819.(ZHOU Xiangguo,XING Guifa,SU Yuguo.Experimental study of earthquake liquefaction ofsaturated silt in Tianjin area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3 813–3 819.(in Chinese))
[6]孙崇绍,段汝文,刘元生,等.利用动三轴试验结果判断饱和砂土的液化势[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(增):1–5.(SUN Chongshao,DUAN Ruwen,LIU Yuansheng,et al.A directory method fordetermining liquefaction potential by dynamic triaxial pressure test[J].Northwest Seismological Journal,1997,19(Supp.):1–5.(in Chinese))
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL237—1999土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.(The Professional StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.SL237—1999Specification of soil test[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T50123—1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB/T50123—1999Standard for soil test method[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[9]彭承光,李运贵.场地地震效应工程勘察基础[M].北京:地震出版社,2004:87–97.(PENG Chengguang,LI Yungui.Engineeringinvestigation basis of site seismic response[M].Beijing:EarthquakePress,2004:87–97.(in Chinese))
[10]顾晓鲁,钱鸿缙,刘惠珊,等.地基与基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993:625–634.(GU Xiaolu,QIAN Hongjing,LUHuishan,et al.Ground and foundation[M].Beijing:China Architectureand Building Press,1993:625–634.(in Chinese))
[11]IWASAKI T,TATSUOKA F,TOKITA K,等.地震时地盘液状化の程度の预测について[J].土と基础,1980,28(4):23–29.
[12]廖振鹏,李小军.地表土层地震反应的等效线性化解法[M]//廖振鹏.地震小区划——理论与实践.北京:地震出版社,1989:141–53.(LIAO Zhenpeng,LI Xiaojun.Equal linearization solution forseismic response of soil layers[M]//LIAO Zhenpeng.Seismicmicrozonation:theory and practice.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1989:141–153.(in Chinese))
[13]孙锐,袁晓铭.液化土层地震动特征分析[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):684–690.(SUN Rui,YUAN Xiaoming.Analysis offeature of surface ground motion for liquefied soil layer[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(5):684–690.(in Chinese))
[14]苏经宇,周锡元,樊水荣,等.土层地震液化的危险性分析[J].建筑科学,1994,(1):37–42.(SU Jingyu,ZHOU Xiyuan,FANShuirong,et al.Hazard analysis for seismic soil liquefaction[J].Building Science,1994,(1):37–42.(in Chinese))
[15]SINGH S.Liquefaction characteristics of silts[C]//GeotechnicalSpecial Publication.New York:ASCE Press,1994:91–105.
[16]李枫,孙兴松,要明伦.混黏土的粉土、粉砂室内试验液化判别标准的研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3):360–364.(LI Sa,SUNXingsong,YAO Minglun.Study of liquefaction evaluation used inindoor test of silt,silty sand mixed clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(3):360–364.(in Chinese))
[17]刘金韬,金晓媚.饱和砂土液化判别方法中问题浅析[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(3):379–384.(LIU Jintao JIN Xiaomei.Preliminaryanalysis of the methods for discrimination of sandy soil liquefaction[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(3):379–384.(in Chinese))
[18]刘勇健.饱和砂土地震液化判别的可拓聚类预测方法[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):1 939–1 943.(LIU Yongjian.Extension clusteringprediction method for evaluation of seismic liquefaction of saturatedsandy soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(7):1 939–1 943.(in Chinese))
[19]王峻,王兰民.常德—张家界高速公路某大桥桥基砂土液化评价[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(3):327–332.(WANG Jun,WANGLanmin.Evaluation of sand liquefaction at site of a Changde—Zhangjiajie expressway bridge[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(3):327–332.(in Chinese))
[20]SEED H B,IDRISS I M.Simplified procedure for evaluating soilliquefaction potential[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics andFoundations Division,ASCE,1971,97(9):1 249–1 273.
[21]陈国兴,胡庆兴,刘雪珠.关于砂土液化判别的若干意见[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(1):141–151.(CHEN Guoxing,HUQingxing,LIU Xuezhu.Some comments on methodologies forestimating liquefaction of sandy soils[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2002,22(1):141–151.(in Chinese))
[22]兰景岩,薄景山.土动力学参数对设计反应谱的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3):184–188.(LAN Jingyan,BO Jingshan.Effect of soil dynamic parameters on design response spectrum[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(3):184–188.(in Chinese))
[23]林华国,贾兆宏,张立丽.砂土液化判别方法研究[J].岩土工程技术,2007,21(2):89–93.(LIN Huaguo,JIAZhaohong,ZHANG Lili.Study on the method of sand liquefaction evaluation[J].GeotechnicalEngineering Technique,2007,21(2):89–93.(in Chinese))
[2]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GBJ11—89建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GBJ11—89 Codefor seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[3]中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTGT B02–01—2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.(Ministry of Transport ofthe People s Republic of China.JTGT B02–01—2008.Guidelines forseismic design of highway bridges[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2008.(in Chinese))
[4]李小军.一维土层地震反应线性化计算程序[M]//廖振鹏.地震小区划——理论与实践.北京:地震出版社,1989:250–265.(LIXiaojun.One-dimensional equivalent linearization program forseismic response of soil layer[M]//LIAO Zhenpeng.SeismicMicrozonation:Theory and Practice.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1989:250–265.(in Chinese))
[5]周相国,邢贵发,苏玉国.天津地区饱和粉土地震液化的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3813–3819.(ZHOU Xiangguo,XING Guifa,SU Yuguo.Experimental study of earthquake liquefaction ofsaturated silt in Tianjin area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3 813–3 819.(in Chinese))
[6]孙崇绍,段汝文,刘元生,等.利用动三轴试验结果判断饱和砂土的液化势[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(增):1–5.(SUN Chongshao,DUAN Ruwen,LIU Yuansheng,et al.A directory method fordetermining liquefaction potential by dynamic triaxial pressure test[J].Northwest Seismological Journal,1997,19(Supp.):1–5.(in Chinese))
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL237—1999土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.(The Professional StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.SL237—1999Specification of soil test[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T50123—1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.(The National StandardsCompilation Group of People s Republic of China.GB/T50123—1999Standard for soil test method[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[9]彭承光,李运贵.场地地震效应工程勘察基础[M].北京:地震出版社,2004:87–97.(PENG Chengguang,LI Yungui.Engineeringinvestigation basis of site seismic response[M].Beijing:EarthquakePress,2004:87–97.(in Chinese))
[10]顾晓鲁,钱鸿缙,刘惠珊,等.地基与基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993:625–634.(GU Xiaolu,QIAN Hongjing,LUHuishan,et al.Ground and foundation[M].Beijing:China Architectureand Building Press,1993:625–634.(in Chinese))
[11]IWASAKI T,TATSUOKA F,TOKITA K,等.地震时地盘液状化の程度の预测について[J].土と基础,1980,28(4):23–29.
[12]廖振鹏,李小军.地表土层地震反应的等效线性化解法[M]//廖振鹏.地震小区划——理论与实践.北京:地震出版社,1989:141–53.(LIAO Zhenpeng,LI Xiaojun.Equal linearization solution forseismic response of soil layers[M]//LIAO Zhenpeng.Seismicmicrozonation:theory and practice.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1989:141–153.(in Chinese))
[13]孙锐,袁晓铭.液化土层地震动特征分析[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):684–690.(SUN Rui,YUAN Xiaoming.Analysis offeature of surface ground motion for liquefied soil layer[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(5):684–690.(in Chinese))
[14]苏经宇,周锡元,樊水荣,等.土层地震液化的危险性分析[J].建筑科学,1994,(1):37–42.(SU Jingyu,ZHOU Xiyuan,FANShuirong,et al.Hazard analysis for seismic soil liquefaction[J].Building Science,1994,(1):37–42.(in Chinese))
[15]SINGH S.Liquefaction characteristics of silts[C]//GeotechnicalSpecial Publication.New York:ASCE Press,1994:91–105.
[16]李枫,孙兴松,要明伦.混黏土的粉土、粉砂室内试验液化判别标准的研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3):360–364.(LI Sa,SUNXingsong,YAO Minglun.Study of liquefaction evaluation used inindoor test of silt,silty sand mixed clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(3):360–364.(in Chinese))
[17]刘金韬,金晓媚.饱和砂土液化判别方法中问题浅析[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(3):379–384.(LIU Jintao JIN Xiaomei.Preliminaryanalysis of the methods for discrimination of sandy soil liquefaction[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(3):379–384.(in Chinese))
[18]刘勇健.饱和砂土地震液化判别的可拓聚类预测方法[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):1 939–1 943.(LIU Yongjian.Extension clusteringprediction method for evaluation of seismic liquefaction of saturatedsandy soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(7):1 939–1 943.(in Chinese))
[19]王峻,王兰民.常德—张家界高速公路某大桥桥基砂土液化评价[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(3):327–332.(WANG Jun,WANGLanmin.Evaluation of sand liquefaction at site of a Changde—Zhangjiajie expressway bridge[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(3):327–332.(in Chinese))
[20]SEED H B,IDRISS I M.Simplified procedure for evaluating soilliquefaction potential[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics andFoundations Division,ASCE,1971,97(9):1 249–1 273.
[21]陈国兴,胡庆兴,刘雪珠.关于砂土液化判别的若干意见[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(1):141–151.(CHEN Guoxing,HUQingxing,LIU Xuezhu.Some comments on methodologies forestimating liquefaction of sandy soils[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2002,22(1):141–151.(in Chinese))
[22]兰景岩,薄景山.土动力学参数对设计反应谱的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(3):184–188.(LAN Jingyan,BO Jingshan.Effect of soil dynamic parameters on design response spectrum[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(3):184–188.(in Chinese))
[23]林华国,贾兆宏,张立丽.砂土液化判别方法研究[J].岩土工程技术,2007,21(2):89–93.(LIN Huaguo,JIAZhaohong,ZHANG Lili.Study on the method of sand liquefaction evaluation[J].GeotechnicalEngineering Technique,2007,21(2):89–93.(in Chinese))
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