基于XFEM的强震区砼重力坝开裂与配筋抗震措施研究
|
摘要
已有震害表明,混凝土坝遭遇强烈地震将不可避免地产生开裂。扩展有限元法(XFEM)通过在相关节点的影响域上富集非连续位移模式,使得对非连续位移场的表征独立于单元边界,可以有效描述混凝土中的裂纹扩展。基于扩展有限元模型,采用合理的地震波动模型对国内某混凝土重力坝强震下的动力破坏过程进行了分析;针对大坝破坏情况,应用嵌入式滑移模型模拟了混凝土重力坝配筋前后的地震响应和破坏状况,据此评价局部配筋的抗震效果。研究表明,局部配置抗震钢筋虽无法防止裂缝的发生,但可有效限制坝体裂缝的开裂扩展范围及深度,减少裂缝的开度,有效改善坝体的抗震性能。
The known seismic damages of concrete dams indicate that cracks will appear during strong earthquakes.The extended finite element method(XFEM) can make the characterization of discontinuous displacement field independent of cell boundaries through enriching discontinuous displacement mode on the influence domain of related nodes.Therefore,the crack propagation in concrete can be effectively described using XFEM.A reasonable model of seismic wave was applied to analyze the process of the dynamic damage of a domestic concrete gravity dam.The dynamic responses and failure modes of the dam before and after strengthening were simulated by using the embedded slip model,based on which the effect of seismic reinforcement was evaluated.The results demonstrate that although the seismic reinforcement in dams cannot prevent cracks from initiating,it is capable of controlling the development and extension of cracks and reducing the crack opening displacement.In conclusion,it is an effective measure to improve the earthquake-resistant performance.
The known seismic damages of concrete dams indicate that cracks will appear during strong earthquakes.The extended finite element method(XFEM) can make the characterization of discontinuous displacement field independent of cell boundaries through enriching discontinuous displacement mode on the influence domain of related nodes.Therefore,the crack propagation in concrete can be effectively described using XFEM.A reasonable model of seismic wave was applied to analyze the process of the dynamic damage of a domestic concrete gravity dam.The dynamic responses and failure modes of the dam before and after strengthening were simulated by using the embedded slip model,based on which the effect of seismic reinforcement was evaluated.The results demonstrate that although the seismic reinforcement in dams cannot prevent cracks from initiating,it is capable of controlling the development and extension of cracks and reducing the crack opening displacement.In conclusion,it is an effective measure to improve the earthquake-resistant performance.
引文
[1]Chopra A K,Chakrabarti P.The Koyna earthquake and thedamage to Koyna dam[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1973,63(2):381-397.
[2]林俊高,许岳城,杨文元.新丰江大坝动力特性研究与安全评估[J].大坝与安全,1998,1:25-32.LIN Jun-gao,XU Yue-cheng,YANG Wen-yuan.Study ondynamic characteristics and safe evaluation of Xing fengjiangdam[J].Dam safety,1998,1:25-32.
[3]沈怀至,潘坚文,金峰,等.混凝土坝坝体配筋抗震措施研究[J].水利学报,2001,38(1):39-46.SHEN Huai-zhi,PAN Jian-wen,JIN Feng,et al.Plastic-damage analysis of concrete dams strengthened withreinforcement in monolith for seismic resistance[J].ShuiliXuebao,2001,38(1):39-46.
[4]Zhang C H,Xu Y J,Wang G L,et al.Nonlinear seismicresponse of arch dams with contraction joint opening and jointreinforcements[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,2000,29(10):1547～1566.
[5]龙渝川,张楚汉,迟福东,等.混凝土重力坝抗震配筋加固措施的效果研究[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(4):77-82.LONG Yu-chuan,ZHANG Chu-han,CHI Fu-dong,et al.Study of steel reinforcement effects on concrete gravity damsunder earthquake[J].Journal of Hydroel EctricEngineering,2008,27(4):77-82.
[6]Ingraffea A R,Saouma V.Numerical modeling of discretecrack propagation in reinforced and plain concrete[C].SihG C,Di Tommaso A.Fracture Mechanics of Concrete:Structural Application and Numerical Calculation.Dordrecht:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,1985:171-225.
[7]Zhang C H,Wang G L,Wang S M,et al.Experimental testsof rolled compacted concrete and nonlinear fracture analysis ofrolled compacted concrete dams[J].Journal of Materials inCivil Engineering.2002,14(2):108-115.
[8]Melenk J M,Babuska I.The partition of unity finite elementmethod:Basic theory and applications[J].Computer Meth.in Appl.Mech.and Eng.,1996,139(1-4):289-314.
[9]Mo S N,Dolbow J,Belytschko T.A finite element method forcrack growth without remeshing[J].International Journal forNumerical Methods in Engineering,1999,46:131-150.
[10]Belytschko T,Gracie R,Ventura G.A review of extended/generalized finite element methods for material modeling[J].Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science andEngineering,2009,17(4):1-24.
[11]Stazi F L,Budyn E,Chessa J,et al.An extended finiteelement method with higher-order elements for curved cracks[J].Computational Mechanics,2003,31(1-2):38-48.
[12]方修君,金峰,王进廷.基于扩展有限元法的Koyna重力坝地震开裂过程模拟[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(12):2065-2069.FANG Xiu-jun,JIN Feng,WANG Jin-ting.Seismic fracturesimulation of the Koyna gravity dam using an extended finiteelement method[J].J.Tsinghua Univ.(Sci&Tech),2008,48(12):2065-2069.
[13]Belytschko T,Black T.Elastic crack growth in finiteelements with minimal remeshing[J].International Journalfor Numerical Methods in Engineering,1999,45(5):601-620.
[14]Abaqus User Subroutines Reference Manual.DS Simulia,Inc,2011.
[15]Maekawa K,Pimanmas A,Okamura H.Nonlinear mechanicsof reinforced concrete[M].Spon Press,11 New FetterLane,London EC4P 4EE,2003.
[16]Maekawa K,An X H.Shear failure and ductility of RCcolumns after yielding of main reinforcement[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2000,65:335-368.
[2]林俊高,许岳城,杨文元.新丰江大坝动力特性研究与安全评估[J].大坝与安全,1998,1:25-32.LIN Jun-gao,XU Yue-cheng,YANG Wen-yuan.Study ondynamic characteristics and safe evaluation of Xing fengjiangdam[J].Dam safety,1998,1:25-32.
[3]沈怀至,潘坚文,金峰,等.混凝土坝坝体配筋抗震措施研究[J].水利学报,2001,38(1):39-46.SHEN Huai-zhi,PAN Jian-wen,JIN Feng,et al.Plastic-damage analysis of concrete dams strengthened withreinforcement in monolith for seismic resistance[J].ShuiliXuebao,2001,38(1):39-46.
[4]Zhang C H,Xu Y J,Wang G L,et al.Nonlinear seismicresponse of arch dams with contraction joint opening and jointreinforcements[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,2000,29(10):1547～1566.
[5]龙渝川,张楚汉,迟福东,等.混凝土重力坝抗震配筋加固措施的效果研究[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(4):77-82.LONG Yu-chuan,ZHANG Chu-han,CHI Fu-dong,et al.Study of steel reinforcement effects on concrete gravity damsunder earthquake[J].Journal of Hydroel EctricEngineering,2008,27(4):77-82.
[6]Ingraffea A R,Saouma V.Numerical modeling of discretecrack propagation in reinforced and plain concrete[C].SihG C,Di Tommaso A.Fracture Mechanics of Concrete:Structural Application and Numerical Calculation.Dordrecht:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,1985:171-225.
[7]Zhang C H,Wang G L,Wang S M,et al.Experimental testsof rolled compacted concrete and nonlinear fracture analysis ofrolled compacted concrete dams[J].Journal of Materials inCivil Engineering.2002,14(2):108-115.
[8]Melenk J M,Babuska I.The partition of unity finite elementmethod:Basic theory and applications[J].Computer Meth.in Appl.Mech.and Eng.,1996,139(1-4):289-314.
[9]Mo S N,Dolbow J,Belytschko T.A finite element method forcrack growth without remeshing[J].International Journal forNumerical Methods in Engineering,1999,46:131-150.
[10]Belytschko T,Gracie R,Ventura G.A review of extended/generalized finite element methods for material modeling[J].Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science andEngineering,2009,17(4):1-24.
[11]Stazi F L,Budyn E,Chessa J,et al.An extended finiteelement method with higher-order elements for curved cracks[J].Computational Mechanics,2003,31(1-2):38-48.
[12]方修君,金峰,王进廷.基于扩展有限元法的Koyna重力坝地震开裂过程模拟[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(12):2065-2069.FANG Xiu-jun,JIN Feng,WANG Jin-ting.Seismic fracturesimulation of the Koyna gravity dam using an extended finiteelement method[J].J.Tsinghua Univ.(Sci&Tech),2008,48(12):2065-2069.
[13]Belytschko T,Black T.Elastic crack growth in finiteelements with minimal remeshing[J].International Journalfor Numerical Methods in Engineering,1999,45(5):601-620.
[14]Abaqus User Subroutines Reference Manual.DS Simulia,Inc,2011.
[15]Maekawa K,Pimanmas A,Okamura H.Nonlinear mechanicsof reinforced concrete[M].Spon Press,11 New FetterLane,London EC4P 4EE,2003.
[16]Maekawa K,An X H.Shear failure and ductility of RCcolumns after yielding of main reinforcement[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2000,65:335-368.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心