自然灾害与人为失误引起的工程事故及其分析
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摘要
研究目的:印度尼西亚处在环太平洋地震带中,是一个多地震的国家,地震与人为失误常常造成该国人员伤亡、财产损失和环境恶化。尽管地震是无法避免的,而人为失误却是可以预防的。本文研究近十年来印度尼西亚较大的自然灾害和重大的人为工程失误,并对工程事故进行细致的失效分析,为改进安全标准从而使结构能有效地经受住未来可能遭受的灾难提供参考。研究结论:通过研究与分析得出:(1)在导致巨大伤亡的天灾中,常有自然事故与人为失误的联合作用;(2)部分设计者对建筑抗灾规范存在错误认识,认为规范仅适用于高耸结构或大型永久性防御设施;(3)单独的人为失误也能引起一系列灾难并导致多人伤亡;(4)研究成果可应用于自然灾害预测、预警和防治。
Research purposes: Indonesia lies in the circum-pacific seismic belt with many seismic activities.Earthquakes and human errors always cause the human injuries and deaths,property losses and environmental worsening.Although earthquakes are unavoidable,but the human errors can be prevented.The study is done on the various disasters and tragedies in civil engineering that happened in Indonesia in the last decade and the detailed failure analysis of the engineering accidents is made to improve safety standards so that the structures can successfully withstand future disasters. Research conclusions:From the studies and analyses,it is concluded:(1) In a natural disaster that causes large fatalities,there is usually an interaction between the natural incident and human error.(2) Some designers have the wrong perception about the objectives of the code on resistant disaster to building.They think that the code is only available for the high-rise structure or large permanent infrastructures.(3) Human error can also trigger the serious disaster and cause many fatalities.(4) The research results can be used in forecasting,early warning and preventing for natural disasters.
Research purposes: Indonesia lies in the circum-pacific seismic belt with many seismic activities.Earthquakes and human errors always cause the human injuries and deaths,property losses and environmental worsening.Although earthquakes are unavoidable,but the human errors can be prevented.The study is done on the various disasters and tragedies in civil engineering that happened in Indonesia in the last decade and the detailed failure analysis of the engineering accidents is made to improve safety standards so that the structures can successfully withstand future disasters. Research conclusions:From the studies and analyses,it is concluded:(1) In a natural disaster that causes large fatalities,there is usually an interaction between the natural incident and human error.(2) Some designers have the wrong perception about the objectives of the code on resistant disaster to building.They think that the code is only available for the high-rise structure or large permanent infrastructures.(3) Human error can also trigger the serious disaster and cause many fatalities.(4) The research results can be used in forecasting,early warning and preventing for natural disasters.
引文
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[4]刘坤.新疆伊犁河大桥主桥地震响应分析[J].铁道工程学报,2012(6):59-64.Liu Kun.Analysis of Seismic Response of Main Bridgeof Yili River Bridge[J].Journal of RailwayEngineering Society,2012(6):59-64.
[2]McCloskey,J.,Lange,D.,Tilmann,F.,etc.TheSeptember 2009 Padang Earthquake[J].NatureGeoscience,2010(2):70-71.
[3]Sibuet,J.C.,Rangin,C.,Le Pichon,X.,etc.26thDecember 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake:Co-seismic and Post-seismic Motions in NorthernSumatra[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007(1-2):88-103.
[4]刘坤.新疆伊犁河大桥主桥地震响应分析[J].铁道工程学报,2012(6):59-64.Liu Kun.Analysis of Seismic Response of Main Bridgeof Yili River Bridge[J].Journal of RailwayEngineering Society,2012(6):59-64.
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