基于物理力学机制的黄土震陷数学估算模型
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摘要
通过分析黄土震陷物理力学机制,将影响震陷的主导因素归纳为粘聚力与内摩擦角(土体强度特征)、孔隙比(土体沉降特征)和外部动荷载特性(能量输入特征)等3方面。在此基础上,推导了应用孔隙比描述震陷系数的定量关系;利用摩尔-库伦破坏准则,提出了考虑动应力和固结应力的应力比概念,用以刻画动载输入对土体结构强度的影响;结合室内动三轴试验数据,给出了孔隙比压缩量与应力比之间的定量统计关系。耦合以上分析结果,建立了基于物理力学机制的求算地震动作用下黄土残余应变(震陷系数)的数学估算模型。
Under analyzing the physical-mechanical mechanism of seismic subsidence of loess(SSL),the dominant factors affecting SSL could be come down to as follows: cohesive strength,internal friction angle,void ratio and dynamic loading features.The factors of cohesive strength and internal friction angle represent the characteristics of soil structure strength,while void ratio influences the final seismic subsidence magnitude of soil mass.Meanwhile,the quantitative relation between the void ratio and seismic subsidence coefficient(SSC) is educed through physical and mathematical analysis.Based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion,the stress ratio,which could reflect the influences of dynamic stress on the structure strength of soil mass,is defined by considered dynamic stress and consolidation stress.Grounding on the laboratory data of SSL through dynamic triaxial test,the quantitative statistical relation between the compression volume of void ratio and stress ratio is investigated.Consequently,the mathematical estimation model applied the physical-mechanical mechanism of SSL is established to estimate the residual strain(seismic subsidence coefficient) of loess due to ground motion loading.
Under analyzing the physical-mechanical mechanism of seismic subsidence of loess(SSL),the dominant factors affecting SSL could be come down to as follows: cohesive strength,internal friction angle,void ratio and dynamic loading features.The factors of cohesive strength and internal friction angle represent the characteristics of soil structure strength,while void ratio influences the final seismic subsidence magnitude of soil mass.Meanwhile,the quantitative relation between the void ratio and seismic subsidence coefficient(SSC) is educed through physical and mathematical analysis.Based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion,the stress ratio,which could reflect the influences of dynamic stress on the structure strength of soil mass,is defined by considered dynamic stress and consolidation stress.Grounding on the laboratory data of SSL through dynamic triaxial test,the quantitative statistical relation between the compression volume of void ratio and stress ratio is investigated.Consequently,the mathematical estimation model applied the physical-mechanical mechanism of SSL is established to estimate the residual strain(seismic subsidence coefficient) of loess due to ground motion loading.
引文
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[17]陈永明,王兰民,刘红玫.剪切波速预测黄土场地震陷量的方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2834―2839.Chen Yongming,Wang Lanmin,Liu Hongmei.Prediction method of seismic subsidence of loess groundwith shear wave velocity[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2834―2839.(in Chinese)
[18]邓津,王兰民,袁中夏.黄土震陷性与结构性参数的相关分析[C]//中国振动工程学会土动力学专业委员会.第七届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.北京:清华大学出版社,2006:70―76.Deng Jin,Wang Lanmin,Yuan Zhongxia.Analysis ofloess seismic subsidence and structure parameters[C]//Committee of Soil Dynamics,Chinese Society forVibration Engineering,Proceedings of 7th NationalConference on Soil Dynamics.Beijing:TsinghuaUniversity Press,2006:70―76.(in Chinese)
[19]邓津,王兰民,张振中.黄土显微结构特征与震陷性[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):542―548.Deng Jin,Wang Lanmin,Zhang Zhenzhong.Microstructure characteristics and seismic subsidence ofloess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(4):542―548.(in Chinese)
[20]邓津.黄土的震陷性与其微结构的定量关系研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所,2005.Deng Jin.The study on quantitative relationship betweenseismic subsidence of loess and its microstructure[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,2005.(inChinese)
[21]王兰民,邓津,黄媛.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3025―3031.Wang Lanmin,Deng Jin,Huang Yuan.Quantitativeanalysis of microstructure of loess seismic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3025―3031.(in Chinese)
[22]《工程地质手册》编写委员会.工程地质手册[M].第3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.Editorial Committee of Engineering Geology.Handbookof engineering geology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:ChinaArchitecture and Building Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[23]Seed H B,Idriss I M.Simplified procedure for evaluatingsoil liquefaction potential[J].Journal of Soil Mechanicsand Foundation Engineering Division,ASCE,1971,97(9):1249―1273.
[24]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].第2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.Qian Jiahuan,Yin Zongze.Principle and calculation ofgeotechnical engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:ChinaWater Power Press,1996.(in Chinese)
[2]汪国烈,明文山.湿陷性黄土的浸水、变形规律与工程对策——兼谈我国对湿陷性黄土认识的深化过程[C]//罗宇生,汪国烈.湿陷性黄土研究与工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:21―32.Wang Guolie,Ming Wenshan.Water immerging,deformation and engineering techniques of collapsibleloess and the understanding process of this problem inChina[C]//Luo Yusheng,Wang Guolie.Engineeringand Research on Collapsible Loess.Beijing:ChinaArchitecture and Building Press,2001:21―32.(inChinese)
[3]潘德扬.黄土[M].北京:地质出版社,1958.Pan Deyang.Loess[M].Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1958.(in Chinese)
[4]《地球科学大辞典》编委会.地球科学大辞典(基础学科卷)[M].第1版.北京:地质出版社,2006.Editorial Committee of the Dictionary of Earth Sciences.A dictionary of earth sciences(basic science volume)[M].1st ed.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.(in Chinese)
[5]GB18306-2001,中国地震动参数区划图[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.GB 18306-2001,Seismic ground motion parameterzonation map of China[S].Beijing:Standards Press ofChina,2001.(in Chinese)
[6]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].第1版.北京:地震出版社,2003.Wang Lanmin.Loess dynamics[M].1st ed.Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[7]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学(B辑),1987,17(12):1309―1316.Lei Xiangyi.Pore type and collapsibility of loess inChina[J].Science in China(Series B),1987,17(12):1309―1316.(in Chinese)
[8]王永焱,滕志宏.中国黄土的微结构及其在时代上和区域上的变化——扫描电子显微镜下的研究[J].科学通报,1982,27(2):102―105.Wang Yongyan,Teng Zhihong.A study on loessmicrostructure and its variation with age and region inChina based on the scanning electron microscope[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1982,27(2):102―105.(inChinese)
[9]高国瑞.黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学(A辑),1980,23(12):1203―1208.Gao Guorui.Microstructure and collapsibility of loess inChina[J].Science in China(Series A),1980,23(12):1203―1208.(in Chinese)
[10]廖胜修.黄土显微结构的区域性变化与湿陷性的关系[C]//钱鸿缙.中国黄土分类、定名及应用研讨会论文集.西安:陕西人民教育出版社,1990:144―154.Liao Shengxiu.The relationship between regionalvariation of loess microstructure and collapsibility[C]//Qian Hongjin.Proceedings of Symposium on LoessClassification,Denomination and Application in China.Xi’an:Shaanxi People’s Education Publishing House,1990:144―154.(in Chinese)
[11]Rogers C D F,Dijkstra T A,Smalley I J.Hydroconsolidation and subsidence of loess:studiesfrom China,Russia,North America and Europe[J].Engineering Geology,1994,37(2):83―113.
[12]Feda J.Structural stability of subsident loess soils fromPraha-Dejvice[J].Engineering Geology,1966,1(3):201―219.
[13]杨运来.黄土湿陷机理的研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1988,18(7),754―766.Yang Yunlai.Study on collapse mechanism of loess[J].Science in China(Series B),1988,18(7):754―766.(inChinese)
[14]高国瑞.我国黄土湿陷性质的形成研究[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,1994,11(2):1―8.Gao Guorui.A study on formation of loess collapsibilityin China[J].Journal of Nanjing Architectural and CivilEngineering Institute,1994,11(2):1―8.(in Chinese)
[15]DB62/T25-3037-2006,兰州市区建筑抗震设计规程[S].兰州,2007.DB 62/T25-3037-2006,Code for seismic design ofbuildings in Lanzhou urban area[S].Lanzhou,2007.(inChinese)
[16]王兰民,张振中.地震时黄土震陷量的估算方法[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):85―94.Wang Lanmin,Zhang Zhenzhong.Estimation method forseismic subsidence of loess under earthquake events[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1993,2(3):85―94.(inChinese)
[17]陈永明,王兰民,刘红玫.剪切波速预测黄土场地震陷量的方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2834―2839.Chen Yongming,Wang Lanmin,Liu Hongmei.Prediction method of seismic subsidence of loess groundwith shear wave velocity[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2834―2839.(in Chinese)
[18]邓津,王兰民,袁中夏.黄土震陷性与结构性参数的相关分析[C]//中国振动工程学会土动力学专业委员会.第七届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.北京:清华大学出版社,2006:70―76.Deng Jin,Wang Lanmin,Yuan Zhongxia.Analysis ofloess seismic subsidence and structure parameters[C]//Committee of Soil Dynamics,Chinese Society forVibration Engineering,Proceedings of 7th NationalConference on Soil Dynamics.Beijing:TsinghuaUniversity Press,2006:70―76.(in Chinese)
[19]邓津,王兰民,张振中.黄土显微结构特征与震陷性[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):542―548.Deng Jin,Wang Lanmin,Zhang Zhenzhong.Microstructure characteristics and seismic subsidence ofloess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(4):542―548.(in Chinese)
[20]邓津.黄土的震陷性与其微结构的定量关系研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所,2005.Deng Jin.The study on quantitative relationship betweenseismic subsidence of loess and its microstructure[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,2005.(inChinese)
[21]王兰民,邓津,黄媛.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3025―3031.Wang Lanmin,Deng Jin,Huang Yuan.Quantitativeanalysis of microstructure of loess seismic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3025―3031.(in Chinese)
[22]《工程地质手册》编写委员会.工程地质手册[M].第3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.Editorial Committee of Engineering Geology.Handbookof engineering geology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:ChinaArchitecture and Building Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[23]Seed H B,Idriss I M.Simplified procedure for evaluatingsoil liquefaction potential[J].Journal of Soil Mechanicsand Foundation Engineering Division,ASCE,1971,97(9):1249―1273.
[24]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].第2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.Qian Jiahuan,Yin Zongze.Principle and calculation ofgeotechnical engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:ChinaWater Power Press,1996.(in Chinese)
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