2010青海玉树地震同震重力和形变效应模拟
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摘要
分别以远场地震波形和In SAR数据反演得到的玉树地震断层滑动模型为基础,使用PSGRN/PSCMP程序计算了黏弹分层介质中玉树Ms7.1地震产生的同震重力和形变场。结果表明:1)由远场地震波形数据得到的断层滑动模型计算的同震重力和位移变化与震后野外调查得到的形变场更符合;2)可以监测到的同震重力变化仅分布在断层附近,同震水平位移影响范围明显大于同震重力变化影响范围;3)震前两年和震后一个月,在玉树绝对重力台观测到的绝对重力变化与由两个断层模型计算的结果有明显差别,表明观测到的绝对重力变化蕴含着地震孕育过程、同震重力变化和震后恢复过程产生的重力变化。
Coseismic gravity change and deformation in layer viscoelastic medium caused by Yushu Ms7. 1were calculated using PSGRN / PSCMP based on different fault slip models. The results show that: 1) Coseismic gravity change and displacement calculated for teleseimic waveform based on the fault slip model are more consistent with results from field survey; 2) Coseismic gravity change only locates near by faults,and the range influenced by coseismic horizon displacements are obvious widely than that by coseimic gravity change; 3) The obsolute gravity change during the period of two years before the earthquake and one month after the earthquake is obvious different from the result calculated,which indicats that observed obsolute gravity change implies earthquake preparation and coseismic change and post-seismic change.
Coseismic gravity change and deformation in layer viscoelastic medium caused by Yushu Ms7. 1were calculated using PSGRN / PSCMP based on different fault slip models. The results show that: 1) Coseismic gravity change and displacement calculated for teleseimic waveform based on the fault slip model are more consistent with results from field survey; 2) Coseismic gravity change only locates near by faults,and the range influenced by coseismic horizon displacements are obvious widely than that by coseimic gravity change; 3) The obsolute gravity change during the period of two years before the earthquake and one month after the earthquake is obvious different from the result calculated,which indicats that observed obsolute gravity change implies earthquake preparation and coseismic change and post-seismic change.
引文
1 陈立春,王虎,冉永康,等.玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震[J].科学通报,2010,55(13):1 200-1 205.(Chen Lichun,Wang Hu,Ran Yongkang,et al.The Ms7.1Yushu earthquake surface ruptures and historical earthquakes[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2010,55(13):1 200-1 205)
2 刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震快速矩张量解[J].地震学报,2010,32(3):366-368.(Liu Chao,Xu Lisheng,Chen Yuntai.Quick moment tensor solution for 14 April Yushu,Qinghai,earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010.32(3):366-368)
3 张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010年青海玉树地震震源过程[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(7):819-822.(Zhang Yong,Xu Lisheng,Chen Yuntai.Source process of the 2010Yushu,Qinghai,earthquake[J].Sci China Earth Sci,2010,40(7):819-822)
4 Li Z,Elliott J R,Wanpeng F,et al.The 2010 Yushu(Qinghai,China)earthquake:Constraints provided by In SAR and body wave seismology[J].Journal of Geophysics Reasearch,2011,116:129-137.
5 申重阳,李辉,谈洪波.汶川8.0级地震同震重力与形变效应模拟[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5):6-12 .(Shen Chongyang,Li Hui,Tan Hongbo.Simulation of coseismic gravity changes and deformation effect of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28(5):6-12)
6 谈洪波,申重阳,李辉,等.汶川大地震震后重力变化和形变的黏弹分层模拟[J].地震学报,2009,31(5):495-505 .(Tan Hongbo,Shen Chongyang,Li Hui,et al.Simulation of postseismic gravity change and deformation of the Wenchuan earthquake based on viscoelsatic layered half space model[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009,32(5):491-505)
7 申重阳,邢乐林,谈洪波,等.2010玉树Ms7.1地震前后青藏高原东缘绝对重力变化[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27 (6):2 348-2 357.(Shen Chongyang,Xing Lelin,Tan Hongbo,et al.The absolute gravity change in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before and after Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake in 2010[J].Progess of Geophs,2012,27(6):2 348-2 357)
8 张桂芳,屈春燕,单新建,等.2010年青海玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂带和形变特征分析[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):121-127.(Zhang Guifang,Qu Chunyan,Shan Xinjian,et al.The surface rupture and coseismic deformation characteristics of the Ms7.1 earthquake at Qinghai Yushu in2010[J].Chinese J Geophs,2011,54(1):121-127)
9 Wang R,Lorenzo-Martin F,Roth F.PSGRN/PSCMP-a new code for calculating co-and post-seismic deformation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory[J].Computers&Geosciences,2006,32:527-541.
10 王未来,吴建平,房立华,等.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震及其余震的双差定位研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42 (7):1 037-1 046.(Wang Weilai,Wu Jianping,Fang Lihua,et al.Relocation of the Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake and its aftershocks in 2010 from Hypo DD[J].Sci China Earth Sci,2012,42(7):1 037-1 046)
11 刘巧霞,杨卓欣,莘海亮,等.玉树Ms7.1级地震部分余震重新定位及发震构造分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55 (1):146-154.(Liu Qiaoxia,Yang Zhuoxin,Shen Hailiang,et al.Relocation of Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake aftershocks and discussion on seismogenic structure[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2012.55(1):146-154)
12 王有学,钱辉.青海东部地壳速度结构特征研究[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):568-579.(Wang Youxue,Qian Hui.Study of crustal velocity structure in east Qinghai[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(4):568-579)
13 单斌,李佳航,韩立波,等.2010 Ms7.1级玉树地震同震库仑应力变化以及对2011年Ms5.2级囊谦地震的影响[J].地球物理学报,2012.55(9):3 028-3 042.(Shan Bin,Li Jiahang,Han Libo,et al.Coseismic Coulomb stress change caused by 2010 Ms=7.1 Yushu earthquake and its influence to 2011 Ms=5.2 Nangqian earthquake[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2012,55(9):3 028-3 042)
14 周民都,赵和云,马钦中.青藏高原东北缘及其邻区的地壳结构与地震关系初探[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(1):58-63.(Zhou Mindu,Zhao Heyun,Ma Qinzhong.The relationship between crustucture and earthquakes in the northeast verge of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its neighborhood[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1997,19(1):58-63)
15 邓明莉,孙和平,徐建桥.GPS数据约束的昆仑Ms8.1地震断层的分段模型[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28 (4):31-37.(Deng Mingli,Sun Heping,Xu Jianqiao.A sectionalized fault of Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake in constraint of GPS data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28(4):31-37)
16 Wen Y.Coseismic slip in the 2010 Yushu earthquake(China),constrained by wide-swath and strip-map In SAR[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,2013,13:35-44.
17 孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春,等.2010年玉树地震地表破裂带典型破裂样式及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(1):155-170.(Sun Xinjie,Xu Xiwei,Chen Lichun,et al.Surface rupture features of the 2010 Yushu earthquake and its tectonic implication[J].Chinese J Geophs,2012,55(1):155-170)
18 祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马,等.汶川Ms8.0地震前后的重力场动态变化[J].地震学报,2010,32(6):633-670.(Zhu Yiqing,Liang Weifeng,Xu Yunma,et al.Dynamic variation of gravity field before andafter Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(6):633-670)
19 祝意青,梁伟锋,湛飞并,等.中国大陆重力场动态变化研究[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(3):804-813.(Zhu Yiqing,Liang Weifeng,Zhan Feibing,et al.Study on dynamic change of gravity field in China continent[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2012,55(3):804-813)
2 刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震快速矩张量解[J].地震学报,2010,32(3):366-368.(Liu Chao,Xu Lisheng,Chen Yuntai.Quick moment tensor solution for 14 April Yushu,Qinghai,earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010.32(3):366-368)
3 张勇,许力生,陈运泰.2010年青海玉树地震震源过程[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(7):819-822.(Zhang Yong,Xu Lisheng,Chen Yuntai.Source process of the 2010Yushu,Qinghai,earthquake[J].Sci China Earth Sci,2010,40(7):819-822)
4 Li Z,Elliott J R,Wanpeng F,et al.The 2010 Yushu(Qinghai,China)earthquake:Constraints provided by In SAR and body wave seismology[J].Journal of Geophysics Reasearch,2011,116:129-137.
5 申重阳,李辉,谈洪波.汶川8.0级地震同震重力与形变效应模拟[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5):6-12 .(Shen Chongyang,Li Hui,Tan Hongbo.Simulation of coseismic gravity changes and deformation effect of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28(5):6-12)
6 谈洪波,申重阳,李辉,等.汶川大地震震后重力变化和形变的黏弹分层模拟[J].地震学报,2009,31(5):495-505 .(Tan Hongbo,Shen Chongyang,Li Hui,et al.Simulation of postseismic gravity change and deformation of the Wenchuan earthquake based on viscoelsatic layered half space model[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009,32(5):491-505)
7 申重阳,邢乐林,谈洪波,等.2010玉树Ms7.1地震前后青藏高原东缘绝对重力变化[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27 (6):2 348-2 357.(Shen Chongyang,Xing Lelin,Tan Hongbo,et al.The absolute gravity change in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before and after Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake in 2010[J].Progess of Geophs,2012,27(6):2 348-2 357)
8 张桂芳,屈春燕,单新建,等.2010年青海玉树Ms7.1级地震地表破裂带和形变特征分析[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):121-127.(Zhang Guifang,Qu Chunyan,Shan Xinjian,et al.The surface rupture and coseismic deformation characteristics of the Ms7.1 earthquake at Qinghai Yushu in2010[J].Chinese J Geophs,2011,54(1):121-127)
9 Wang R,Lorenzo-Martin F,Roth F.PSGRN/PSCMP-a new code for calculating co-and post-seismic deformation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory[J].Computers&Geosciences,2006,32:527-541.
10 王未来,吴建平,房立华,等.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震及其余震的双差定位研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2012,42 (7):1 037-1 046.(Wang Weilai,Wu Jianping,Fang Lihua,et al.Relocation of the Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake and its aftershocks in 2010 from Hypo DD[J].Sci China Earth Sci,2012,42(7):1 037-1 046)
11 刘巧霞,杨卓欣,莘海亮,等.玉树Ms7.1级地震部分余震重新定位及发震构造分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55 (1):146-154.(Liu Qiaoxia,Yang Zhuoxin,Shen Hailiang,et al.Relocation of Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake aftershocks and discussion on seismogenic structure[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2012.55(1):146-154)
12 王有学,钱辉.青海东部地壳速度结构特征研究[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):568-579.(Wang Youxue,Qian Hui.Study of crustal velocity structure in east Qinghai[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(4):568-579)
13 单斌,李佳航,韩立波,等.2010 Ms7.1级玉树地震同震库仑应力变化以及对2011年Ms5.2级囊谦地震的影响[J].地球物理学报,2012.55(9):3 028-3 042.(Shan Bin,Li Jiahang,Han Libo,et al.Coseismic Coulomb stress change caused by 2010 Ms=7.1 Yushu earthquake and its influence to 2011 Ms=5.2 Nangqian earthquake[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2012,55(9):3 028-3 042)
14 周民都,赵和云,马钦中.青藏高原东北缘及其邻区的地壳结构与地震关系初探[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(1):58-63.(Zhou Mindu,Zhao Heyun,Ma Qinzhong.The relationship between crustucture and earthquakes in the northeast verge of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its neighborhood[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1997,19(1):58-63)
15 邓明莉,孙和平,徐建桥.GPS数据约束的昆仑Ms8.1地震断层的分段模型[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28 (4):31-37.(Deng Mingli,Sun Heping,Xu Jianqiao.A sectionalized fault of Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake in constraint of GPS data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28(4):31-37)
16 Wen Y.Coseismic slip in the 2010 Yushu earthquake(China),constrained by wide-swath and strip-map In SAR[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,2013,13:35-44.
17 孙鑫喆,徐锡伟,陈立春,等.2010年玉树地震地表破裂带典型破裂样式及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(1):155-170.(Sun Xinjie,Xu Xiwei,Chen Lichun,et al.Surface rupture features of the 2010 Yushu earthquake and its tectonic implication[J].Chinese J Geophs,2012,55(1):155-170)
18 祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马,等.汶川Ms8.0地震前后的重力场动态变化[J].地震学报,2010,32(6):633-670.(Zhu Yiqing,Liang Weifeng,Xu Yunma,et al.Dynamic variation of gravity field before andafter Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2010,32(6):633-670)
19 祝意青,梁伟锋,湛飞并,等.中国大陆重力场动态变化研究[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(3):804-813.(Zhu Yiqing,Liang Weifeng,Zhan Feibing,et al.Study on dynamic change of gravity field in China continent[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2012,55(3):804-813)
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