具有不同表面特性的物体碰撞全过程分析
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摘要
本文首先建立了颗粒碰撞的数学模型,利用改进的Hertz接触理论推导运动方程和耗能因子,然后通过有限元分析验证了理论的合理性。运用该数学模型分析了颗粒各项表面特性对碰撞耗能的影响,进而得到产生较大阻尼的条件。本文随后提出耗能系数的概念,通过对比该系数可以得知材料耗能能力的优劣,方便工程中选材。最后通过试验,在一个单自由度结构上附加颗粒阻尼器并采用不同的颗粒材料,测试其振动特性,得出与理论分析一致的结论。
This article firstly presents a view on how to set a model of particle damper,while the dynamic equation and energy dissipation coefficient of collision are advanced from Hertz contact theory.Then another collision model relying on finite element method is set,verifying the reasonableness of the theoretical model.The effects of various factors on the performance of the damper are discussed and result in several conditional conclusions based on which the damping value can be maximal.In spite of complex process of dynamic analysis,this article proposes a new energy loss coefficient to evaluate the capability of energy dissipation,ensuring for material selection of the practical design.Finally,an experiment is performed to test the character of vibration and energy dissipation.The feasibility of the method for estimating the surface characters of different materials is discussed in the above conclusions.
This article firstly presents a view on how to set a model of particle damper,while the dynamic equation and energy dissipation coefficient of collision are advanced from Hertz contact theory.Then another collision model relying on finite element method is set,verifying the reasonableness of the theoretical model.The effects of various factors on the performance of the damper are discussed and result in several conditional conclusions based on which the damping value can be maximal.In spite of complex process of dynamic analysis,this article proposes a new energy loss coefficient to evaluate the capability of energy dissipation,ensuring for material selection of the practical design.Finally,an experiment is performed to test the character of vibration and energy dissipation.The feasibility of the method for estimating the surface characters of different materials is discussed in the above conclusions.
引文
[1]闫维明,黄韵文,何浩祥,等.颗粒阻尼技术及其在土木工程中的应用展望[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(4):18-24.YAN Weiming,HUANG Yunwen,HE Haoxiang,et al.Particle damping technology and its application prospect in civil engineering[J].WorldEarthquake Engineering,2010,26(4):18-24.(in Chinese)
[2]杜邢辰,王树林.两颗粒弹塑性正碰撞的耗散模型[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(2):149-156.DU Xingchen,WANG ShuiLin.Elastoplastic normal impact dissipation model of two particles[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(2):149-156.(in Chinese)
[3]肖麟玉.有摩擦且滑动反向的刚体偏心碰撞中的能量损失[J].上海铁道大学学报:自然科学版,1997,18(2):63-66.XIAO Linyu.Energy loss of rigid body in eccentric collision concerning friction and reversed sliding[J].Journal of Shanghai Tiedao University:Natural Science,1997,18(2):63-66.(in Chinese)
[4]段勇,陈前,周宏伟.垂直简谐激励下颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的仿真研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,2(2):28-35.DUAN Yong,CHEN Qian,ZHOU Hongwei.Simulation study on characteristics of energy consumption of particle damper under vertical-harmonic in-centive[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,2(2):28-35.(in Chinese)
[5]张九铸.含有滑动摩擦的两体碰撞中的动能损失[J].力学与实践.2010,32(5):89-91.ZHANG Jiuzhu.The loss of kinetic energy in the collision of two-body with sliding friction[J].Mechanics in Engineering.2010,32(5):89-91.(in Chinese)
[6]崔体运,王树林,刘杰.颗粒碰撞阻尼器减震性能试验研究[J].矿山机械.2010,38(12):51-54.CUI Tiyun,WANG Shulin,LIU Jie.Experimental study on damping performance of impact damper with particles[J].Mining&Processing Equip-ment,2010,38(12):51-54.(in Chinese)
[7]鲁正.颗粒阻尼器的仿真模拟和性能分析[D].上海:同济大学,2010.LU Zheng.Numerical simulation and performance analysis of particle dampers[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2010.(in Chinese)
[8]杜妍辰,王树林,朱岩,等.带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼的减震特性[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(7):186-189.DU Yanchen,WANG Shuli,ZHU Yan,et al.Vibration characteristics of a new fine particle impact damping[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical En-gineering,2008,44(7):186-189.(in Chinese)
[9]徐志伟,陶宝祺,黄协清.NOPD颗粒减振机理的理论研究及实验研究[J].航空学报,2001,22(4):347-350.XU Zhiwei,TAO Baoqi,HUANG Xieqing.Theoretical and experimental research on vibration absorption mechanismosf nopd particles[J].ActaAeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2001,22(4):347-350.(in Chinese)
[10]XU Z,WANG M Y,CHEN T.Particle damping for passive vibration suppression:numerical modeling and experimental investigation[J].Journalof Sound and Vibration,2005,279(3-5):1097-1120.
[11]吕茂烈.关于斜碰撞时的摩擦系数[J].固体力学学报,1987,12(3):282-284.LV Maolie.The coefficient of friction on oblique collision[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,1987,12(3):282-284.(in Chinese)
[12]Bapat C N,Sankar S.Single unit impact damper in free and forced vibration[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1985,99(1):85-94.
[13]Pannosian H V.Structural damping enhancement via Non-obstructive particle damping technique[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,January1992,114:101-105.
[14]Liu W,Tomlinson G R,Rongong J A.The dynamic characterisation of disk geometry particle dampers[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,280(25):849-861.
[15]Mao K,Wang M Y.DEM simulation of particle damping[J].Powder Technology,2004,142(2-3):154-165.
[2]杜邢辰,王树林.两颗粒弹塑性正碰撞的耗散模型[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(2):149-156.DU Xingchen,WANG ShuiLin.Elastoplastic normal impact dissipation model of two particles[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(2):149-156.(in Chinese)
[3]肖麟玉.有摩擦且滑动反向的刚体偏心碰撞中的能量损失[J].上海铁道大学学报:自然科学版,1997,18(2):63-66.XIAO Linyu.Energy loss of rigid body in eccentric collision concerning friction and reversed sliding[J].Journal of Shanghai Tiedao University:Natural Science,1997,18(2):63-66.(in Chinese)
[4]段勇,陈前,周宏伟.垂直简谐激励下颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的仿真研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,2(2):28-35.DUAN Yong,CHEN Qian,ZHOU Hongwei.Simulation study on characteristics of energy consumption of particle damper under vertical-harmonic in-centive[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,2(2):28-35.(in Chinese)
[5]张九铸.含有滑动摩擦的两体碰撞中的动能损失[J].力学与实践.2010,32(5):89-91.ZHANG Jiuzhu.The loss of kinetic energy in the collision of two-body with sliding friction[J].Mechanics in Engineering.2010,32(5):89-91.(in Chinese)
[6]崔体运,王树林,刘杰.颗粒碰撞阻尼器减震性能试验研究[J].矿山机械.2010,38(12):51-54.CUI Tiyun,WANG Shulin,LIU Jie.Experimental study on damping performance of impact damper with particles[J].Mining&Processing Equip-ment,2010,38(12):51-54.(in Chinese)
[7]鲁正.颗粒阻尼器的仿真模拟和性能分析[D].上海:同济大学,2010.LU Zheng.Numerical simulation and performance analysis of particle dampers[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2010.(in Chinese)
[8]杜妍辰,王树林,朱岩,等.带颗粒减振剂碰撞阻尼的减震特性[J].机械工程学报,2008,44(7):186-189.DU Yanchen,WANG Shuli,ZHU Yan,et al.Vibration characteristics of a new fine particle impact damping[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical En-gineering,2008,44(7):186-189.(in Chinese)
[9]徐志伟,陶宝祺,黄协清.NOPD颗粒减振机理的理论研究及实验研究[J].航空学报,2001,22(4):347-350.XU Zhiwei,TAO Baoqi,HUANG Xieqing.Theoretical and experimental research on vibration absorption mechanismosf nopd particles[J].ActaAeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2001,22(4):347-350.(in Chinese)
[10]XU Z,WANG M Y,CHEN T.Particle damping for passive vibration suppression:numerical modeling and experimental investigation[J].Journalof Sound and Vibration,2005,279(3-5):1097-1120.
[11]吕茂烈.关于斜碰撞时的摩擦系数[J].固体力学学报,1987,12(3):282-284.LV Maolie.The coefficient of friction on oblique collision[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,1987,12(3):282-284.(in Chinese)
[12]Bapat C N,Sankar S.Single unit impact damper in free and forced vibration[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1985,99(1):85-94.
[13]Pannosian H V.Structural damping enhancement via Non-obstructive particle damping technique[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,January1992,114:101-105.
[14]Liu W,Tomlinson G R,Rongong J A.The dynamic characterisation of disk geometry particle dampers[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,280(25):849-861.
[15]Mao K,Wang M Y.DEM simulation of particle damping[J].Powder Technology,2004,142(2-3):154-165.
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