短周期村镇砌体建筑振动特性实测与抗震性能分析
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摘要
汶川地震、玉树地震造成大量建筑破坏倒塌,其中村镇自建建筑中单层、双层砌体尤为严重,村镇建筑抗震形势严峻。以单层层高超限、设置大开间体现典型村镇自建建筑不规则特性的混凝土砌块砌体建筑为研究对象,从了解该类结构的振动特性及芯柱、圈梁等构造措施的约束增强作用的角度出发,利用超低频测振仪开展脉动法测试结构振动特性的研究,测试结构第一自振周期位于设计反应谱上升段,而非平台段;基于有限元平台建立三维精细化模型,采用子空间迭代算法进行模态提取,与振动实测对比误差在7%以内,且振型相似;在此基础之上扩展分析,讨论芯柱、圈梁等构造措施对结构动力特性影响;并进行反应谱分析、弹塑性时程分析,预测结构损伤破坏模式,可为同类砌块砌体动力特性和抗震性能评价提供借鉴。
Severe damage and collapse of buildings,most of which are self-built in towns and villages,were caused by the Wenchuan earthquake and Yushu earthquake.Most of them are one or two stories concrete hollow block masonry,and the seismic performance of masonry in countryside should be given due attention to.The dynamic characteristic of some one-story masonry was tested by means of pulsatile test for further study.The data was analyzed by using of response spectrum method.Frequency and modes of structure were gained.Meanwhile three dimensional finite element models were setup and its characteristics were calculated by the subspace method.The difference between test results and numerical simulation results are less than 7 percent and the modes are similar.In addition,extended analysis was carried out to discuss the influence of seismic details,such as core columns and ring beams,on the dynamic characteristics of the structure.Meanwhile response spectrum analysis and elasto-plastic time-history analysis were carried out to evaluate the seismic performance of the structure.The results and methods can provide beneficial references for similar block masonry design and seismic performance evaluation.
Severe damage and collapse of buildings,most of which are self-built in towns and villages,were caused by the Wenchuan earthquake and Yushu earthquake.Most of them are one or two stories concrete hollow block masonry,and the seismic performance of masonry in countryside should be given due attention to.The dynamic characteristic of some one-story masonry was tested by means of pulsatile test for further study.The data was analyzed by using of response spectrum method.Frequency and modes of structure were gained.Meanwhile three dimensional finite element models were setup and its characteristics were calculated by the subspace method.The difference between test results and numerical simulation results are less than 7 percent and the modes are similar.In addition,extended analysis was carried out to discuss the influence of seismic details,such as core columns and ring beams,on the dynamic characteristics of the structure.Meanwhile response spectrum analysis and elasto-plastic time-history analysis were carried out to evaluate the seismic performance of the structure.The results and methods can provide beneficial references for similar block masonry design and seismic performance evaluation.
引文
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[7]GB 50010—2010混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011(GB 50010—2010 Code for designof concrete structures[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,2011(in Chinese))
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[2]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示——抗震概念设计[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):20-25(Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in the Wenchuanearthquake—seismic concept design of buildings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):20-25(inChinese))
[3]李国强,陈素文,李杰,等.上海金茂大厦结构动力特性测试[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(2):35-39(LiGuoqiang,Chen Suwen,Li Jie,et al.Measurements ofdynamic properties of Shanghai Jinmao Mansion[J].ChinaCivil Engineering Journal,2000,33(2):35-39(inChinese))
[4]孙柏涛,梅云弟.竖向变刚度约束砌体结构抗震能力研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(2):1-13(SunBaitao,Mei Yundi.A study on the aseismic capacity of theconfined masonry structure with variable vertical stiffness[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2012,32(2):1-13(in Chinese))
[5]刘桂秋,施楚贤,刘一彪.砌体及砌体材料弹性模量取值的研究[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):29-32(Liu Guiqiu,Shi Chuxian,Liu Yibiao.Analyses of the elastic modulus values of masonry[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences,2008,35(4):29-32(in Chinese))
[6]郑妮娜,李英民,潘毅.芯柱式构造柱约束的低层砌体结构抗震性能[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(1):24-29(Zheng Nina,Li Yingmin,Pan Yi.Seismic behaviorof low masonry structure with core-tie-columns[J].Journalof Southeast Jiaotong University,2011,46(1):24-29(inChinese))
[7]GB 50010—2010混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011(GB 50010—2010 Code for designof concrete structures[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,2011(in Chinese))
[8]Chopra A K.Dynamics of structures:Theory and applicationto earthquake engineering[M].Second Edition.PrenticeHall,1995
[9]da Porto F,Grendene M,Modena C.Estimation of loadreduction factors for clay masonry walls[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structure Dynamics,2009,38(10):1155-1174
[10]Bekloo N T.A new approach to numerical modeling of themasonry structures using explicit dynamic finite elementsmethod[C]//Proceedings of the 14th World Conference ofEarthquake Engineering.Beijing,2008
[11]Carmelo G,Alberto G S.Dynamic testing and modeling ofa 30 years’old cable-stayed bridge[J].StructuresEngineering International,2006,16(1):39-43
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