老旧砌体房屋加固及顶部加层隔震的理论分析及振动台试验
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摘要
针对老旧砌体房屋采用外套预制钢筋混凝土墙板加固,并在此基础上提出在加固后的砌体顶部加层隔震的加固增层方案,主要研究加层隔震对加固效果的影响。建立初始砌体结构、加固砌体结构、加层非隔震结构和加层隔震结构的分析模型,分析4种结构在多遇地震和罕遇地震作用下的动力响应和非线性损伤,并对抗震性能较优的加层隔震结构,进行隔震层参数优化分析;对各种加固方案进行1∶4缩尺模型的振动台试验,研究各加固方案的抗震性能,并与数值分析结果进行对比。结果表明,对原老旧砌体结构进行加固后,外套预制混凝土墙片承担大部分的地震剪力,砌体所承担的剪力大幅降低,加固效果明显,而对加固后的结构进行加层隔震后又会使结构基底剪力明显下降,结构的抗震性能进一步提升;对于加层隔震结构,根据结构基底剪力最小的原则存在最佳屈重比。研究为老旧砌体房屋的加固改造和功能提升提供有益借鉴。
Some methods are proposed by adding other stories on the top of old masonry structure and reinforcing it with external prefabricated reinforced concrete structure.To study the reinforcement and seismic isolation effect,several structural models,including the original masonry model,the reinforced masonry model,the non-isolation model(by adding stories on the top of the reinforced masonry structure without LRB) and the seismic isolation model(by adding stories on the top of the reinforced masonry structure with LRB),are established,then the dynamic response and nonlinear damage of the four types of structures are analyzed under the frequent and rare earthquake action,respectively.Based on the seismic isolation model which possesses better seismic performance in the foregoing analysis,the parameters of seismic isolation layer were optimized.In the meanwhile,the shaking table tests of 1/4 scale models are carried out to study the seismic performance of different models.The testing and the theoretical results are compared,and the results show that the base shear force of masonry structure may be greatly reduced when it is reinforced by the external prefabricated reinforced concrete wall which bears most of the shear force due to earthquake,and adding stories on the top of the reinforced structure using seismic isolation technology can further reduce the base shear force of masonry structure and improve seismic performance.For the seismic isolation model,the flexion-weight ratio was found to reach a minimum base shear force of the structure.This study may be referred for the reinforcement,reconstruction and improvement of old masonry structure.
Some methods are proposed by adding other stories on the top of old masonry structure and reinforcing it with external prefabricated reinforced concrete structure.To study the reinforcement and seismic isolation effect,several structural models,including the original masonry model,the reinforced masonry model,the non-isolation model(by adding stories on the top of the reinforced masonry structure without LRB) and the seismic isolation model(by adding stories on the top of the reinforced masonry structure with LRB),are established,then the dynamic response and nonlinear damage of the four types of structures are analyzed under the frequent and rare earthquake action,respectively.Based on the seismic isolation model which possesses better seismic performance in the foregoing analysis,the parameters of seismic isolation layer were optimized.In the meanwhile,the shaking table tests of 1/4 scale models are carried out to study the seismic performance of different models.The testing and the theoretical results are compared,and the results show that the base shear force of masonry structure may be greatly reduced when it is reinforced by the external prefabricated reinforced concrete wall which bears most of the shear force due to earthquake,and adding stories on the top of the reinforced structure using seismic isolation technology can further reduce the base shear force of masonry structure and improve seismic performance.For the seismic isolation model,the flexion-weight ratio was found to reach a minimum base shear force of the structure.This study may be referred for the reinforcement,reconstruction and improvement of old masonry structure.
引文
[1]王曙光,苗启松,刘金龙,等.砌体结构外套预制钢筋混凝土墙板加固及隔震加层振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(11):99-106(Wanc Shuguang,MiaoQisong,Liu Jinlong,et al.Shaking table test of masonrystructures strengthened with external prefabricatedreinforced concrete wall and with added story isolation[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(11):99-106(inChinese))
[2]林玮,李巨文.多层砌体房屋抗震加固方法述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):144-146(Lin Wei,Li Juwen.Review of seismic retrofit methods of multi-storymasonry buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2006,26(6):144-146(inChinese))
[3]閤东东,陈曦,苗启松,等.砌体结构房屋加固足尺实验模型数值模拟[J].土木工程与管理学报,2011,28(3):344-348(Ge Dongdong,Chen Xi,Miao Qisong,etal.Numerical research on a full-scale masonry buildingretrofitted by external precast structure[J].Journal ofHuazhong University of Science and Technology,2011,28(3):344-348(in Chinese))
[4]康艳博,巩正光,宋红,等.混凝土板墙加固砖墙抗震性能综述[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,32(4):80-85,93(Kang Yanbo,Gong Zhengguang,Song Hong,et al.Summary on brick wall strengthening with concrete splint[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2010,32(4):80-85,93(in Chinese))
[5]徐忠根,胡敏茵,周福霖.房屋建筑中间层隔震研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2004(5):23-28(XuZhonggen,Hu Minyin,Zhou Fulin.Discussion on mid-story isolation of building[J].Earthquake ResistantEngineering and Retrofitting,2004(5):23-28(inChinese))
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[7]Fujita T,Fujita S,Tazaki S,et al.Research,developmentand implementation of rubber bearings for seismic isolation[J].JSME International Journal,1990,33(3):394-403
[8]Sladek J R,Klingner R E.Effect of tuned-mass damperson seismic response[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1983,109(8):2004-2009
[9]村上勝英,北村春幸,小崎均,等.中間階に免震層を持つ建物の設計[R].日本:日本建築学会技術報告集,1999
[10]GB50003—2001砌体结构设计规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002(GB50003—2001Code for design ofmasonry structures[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2002(in Chinese))
[11]赵昕,李杰.层间隔震结构隔震垫的有限元模拟[J].建筑结构,2001,31(11):66-68(Zhao Xin,Li Jie.Finiteelement simulation of rubber bearing in story isolatedstructure[J].Building Structure,2001,31(11):66-68(inChinese))
[12]Skinner R I,Robinson W H,McVerry G H.Anintroduction to seismic isolation[M].New York:JohnWiley&Sons,1993
[13]田洁,张俊发,刘云贺,等.铅芯橡胶支座基础隔震体系参数优化配置研究[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(1):158-163(Tian Jie,Zhang Junfa,Liu Yunhe,et al.Research on optimum parameters of base-isolated buildingswith lead laminated rubber bearings[J].World Informationon Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(1):158-163(inChinese))
[14]刘鑫,刘伟庆,王曙光,等.加固加层隔震结构阻尼比特性的振动台试验[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,42(6):1152-1156(Liu Xin,Liu Weiqing,WangShuguang,et al.Shaking table test of damping ratio ofstrengthening-adding-story isolation structures[J].Journalof Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2012,42(6):1152-1156(in Chinese))
[15]朱宏平,徐文胜,陈晓强,等.利用声发射信号与速率过程理论对混凝土损伤进行定量评估[J].工程力学,2008,25(1):186-191(Zhu Hongping,Xu Wensheng,Chen Xiaoqiang,et al.Quantitative concrete-damageevaluation by acoustic emission information and rate-processtheory[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(1):186-191(in Chinese))
[2]林玮,李巨文.多层砌体房屋抗震加固方法述评[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):144-146(Lin Wei,Li Juwen.Review of seismic retrofit methods of multi-storymasonry buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2006,26(6):144-146(inChinese))
[3]閤东东,陈曦,苗启松,等.砌体结构房屋加固足尺实验模型数值模拟[J].土木工程与管理学报,2011,28(3):344-348(Ge Dongdong,Chen Xi,Miao Qisong,etal.Numerical research on a full-scale masonry buildingretrofitted by external precast structure[J].Journal ofHuazhong University of Science and Technology,2011,28(3):344-348(in Chinese))
[4]康艳博,巩正光,宋红,等.混凝土板墙加固砖墙抗震性能综述[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,32(4):80-85,93(Kang Yanbo,Gong Zhengguang,Song Hong,et al.Summary on brick wall strengthening with concrete splint[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2010,32(4):80-85,93(in Chinese))
[5]徐忠根,胡敏茵,周福霖.房屋建筑中间层隔震研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2004(5):23-28(XuZhonggen,Hu Minyin,Zhou Fulin.Discussion on mid-story isolation of building[J].Earthquake ResistantEngineering and Retrofitting,2004(5):23-28(inChinese))
[6]谢军龙,周福霖.多层房屋结构TMD“加层减震”试验研究和应用[J].世界地震工程,1998,14(4):57-60(Xie Junlong,Zhou Fulin.Test investigation of seismicreduction using additional stories as a TMD and itsapplication to existing multistory buildings[J].WorldInformation on Earthquake Engineering,1998,14(4):57-60(in Chinese))
[7]Fujita T,Fujita S,Tazaki S,et al.Research,developmentand implementation of rubber bearings for seismic isolation[J].JSME International Journal,1990,33(3):394-403
[8]Sladek J R,Klingner R E.Effect of tuned-mass damperson seismic response[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1983,109(8):2004-2009
[9]村上勝英,北村春幸,小崎均,等.中間階に免震層を持つ建物の設計[R].日本:日本建築学会技術報告集,1999
[10]GB50003—2001砌体结构设计规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002(GB50003—2001Code for design ofmasonry structures[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2002(in Chinese))
[11]赵昕,李杰.层间隔震结构隔震垫的有限元模拟[J].建筑结构,2001,31(11):66-68(Zhao Xin,Li Jie.Finiteelement simulation of rubber bearing in story isolatedstructure[J].Building Structure,2001,31(11):66-68(inChinese))
[12]Skinner R I,Robinson W H,McVerry G H.Anintroduction to seismic isolation[M].New York:JohnWiley&Sons,1993
[13]田洁,张俊发,刘云贺,等.铅芯橡胶支座基础隔震体系参数优化配置研究[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(1):158-163(Tian Jie,Zhang Junfa,Liu Yunhe,et al.Research on optimum parameters of base-isolated buildingswith lead laminated rubber bearings[J].World Informationon Earthquake Engineering,2003,19(1):158-163(inChinese))
[14]刘鑫,刘伟庆,王曙光,等.加固加层隔震结构阻尼比特性的振动台试验[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,42(6):1152-1156(Liu Xin,Liu Weiqing,WangShuguang,et al.Shaking table test of damping ratio ofstrengthening-adding-story isolation structures[J].Journalof Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2012,42(6):1152-1156(in Chinese))
[15]朱宏平,徐文胜,陈晓强,等.利用声发射信号与速率过程理论对混凝土损伤进行定量评估[J].工程力学,2008,25(1):186-191(Zhu Hongping,Xu Wensheng,Chen Xiaoqiang,et al.Quantitative concrete-damageevaluation by acoustic emission information and rate-processtheory[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(1):186-191(in Chinese))
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