玉树地震前的电离层异常现象分析
|
摘要
分析了玉树地震前地基电离层探测临界频率、GPS TEC和卫星探测原位等离子体参量等多个参数的扰动变化信息,研究了不同高度异常变化的时空关联性.分析发现,在地震前一天的4月13日,多个电离层参量出现同步扰动异常,电离层临界频率f_0F_2异常相对滑动中值增大40%,异常空间上存在从震中东南向西南漂移的特性;GPS TEC异常增强15TECU(1 TECU=10~(16)m~(-2))左右,分布于震中南部经度15°范围内,且有明显的磁共轭效应;DEME TER观测的原位氧离子密度N_i(O+)4月13日为1—4月中最强的一天,异常分布偏向赤道区,但仅局限在30°—50°左右的经度范围内.综合三个参量的异常特征发现,无论是空间的局地性还是时间上的密切关联均反映这次电离层扰动可能与玉树地震孕育有关.结合其他观测信息,进一步探讨了这次地震孕育过程的地震电离层耦合机理.
In this paper,the ionospheric perturbations in three parameters have been analyzed around Yushu earthquake,including f_0F_2 from ionosonde,GPS TEC,and in-situ plasma parameters by satellite.Their temporal and spatial relationship with this event were studied,and the results showed synchronous disturbances in multi-parameters on 13 April,just one day before the Yushu earthquake.The f_0F_2 abnormally increased 40%relative to its sliding median of 5 days before,and its anomalous center moved from southeast to southwest.GPS TEC with abnormal amplitude of 15TECU(TECU= 10~(16)m~(-2)) concentrated in a longitudinal scale of 15° over the south of the epicenter,and similar anomalies were found at its conjugate areas.While the in-situ observation of oxygen ion density N_i(O~+) from DEMETER reached its maximum on April 13 for the four months from January to April in 2010,with the anomalies deviating to the equatorial areas but limited in the longitude scale of 30°-50°.Summing up the anomalous characteristics in these three parameters,whatever the local feature in space,or the close relevance in time,both exhibited possible relationship with the Yushu earthquake.Combined with other observations,the seismo-ionospheric coupling mechanism was discussed during the preparation process of Yushu earthquake.
In this paper,the ionospheric perturbations in three parameters have been analyzed around Yushu earthquake,including f_0F_2 from ionosonde,GPS TEC,and in-situ plasma parameters by satellite.Their temporal and spatial relationship with this event were studied,and the results showed synchronous disturbances in multi-parameters on 13 April,just one day before the Yushu earthquake.The f_0F_2 abnormally increased 40%relative to its sliding median of 5 days before,and its anomalous center moved from southeast to southwest.GPS TEC with abnormal amplitude of 15TECU(TECU= 10~(16)m~(-2)) concentrated in a longitudinal scale of 15° over the south of the epicenter,and similar anomalies were found at its conjugate areas.While the in-situ observation of oxygen ion density N_i(O~+) from DEMETER reached its maximum on April 13 for the four months from January to April in 2010,with the anomalies deviating to the equatorial areas but limited in the longitude scale of 30°-50°.Summing up the anomalous characteristics in these three parameters,whatever the local feature in space,or the close relevance in time,both exhibited possible relationship with the Yushu earthquake.Combined with other observations,the seismo-ionospheric coupling mechanism was discussed during the preparation process of Yushu earthquake.
引文
[1]Pulinets S A,Legen'ka A D,Gaivoronskaya T V,Depuev V Kh.Main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes[J],J.Atmos.Sol.Terr.Phys.,2003,65(16-18):1337-1347
[2]Pulinets S A,Liu J Y,Safronova I A.Interpretation of a statistical variation in the f_0F_2 critical frequency before earthquake based on data from Chung-Li ionospheric station(Taiwan)[J].Geomag.Aeron.,2004,44(1):102-106
[3]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Pulinets S A,Tsai Y B,Chuo Y J.Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to M≥6.0 Taiwan earthquakes[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,27(19):3113-3116
[4]Molchanov O A,Mazhaeva O A,Goliavin A N,Hayakawa M.Observations by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELFVLF electromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes[J].Ann.Geophys.,1993,11:431-440
[5]Parrot M.Statistical studies with satellite observations of seismogenic effect[C]//Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes.Tokyo:TERRAPUB,1999.685-696
[6]Zhao B,Wang M,Yu T,Wan W,Lei J,Liu L,Ning B.Is an unusual large enhancement of ionospheric electron density linked with the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113,A11304,doi:10.1029/2008JA013613
[7]Lin Jian,Wu Yun,Zhu Fuying,et al.Wenchuan earthquake ionosphere TEC anomaly detected by GPS[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2009,52(l):297-300.In Chinese(林剑,吴云,祝美英,乔学军,周义炎.基于GPS探测汶川地震电离层TEC的异常[J].地球物理学报,2009,2(1):297-300)
[8]Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements[J].Ann.Geophys.,2004,22:1585-1593
[9]Zeng Zhongchao,Zhang Bie,Fang Guangyou,et al.The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with DEMETER data[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2009,52(1):11-19.In Chinese(曾中超,张蓓,方广有,等.利用DEMETER卫星数据分析汶川地震前的电离层异常[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):11-19)
[10]Zhang X,Shen X,Liu J,et al.Analysis of ionospheric plasma perturbations before Wenchuan earthquake[J].Nat.Haz.Earth Sys.Sci.,2009,9(4):1259-1266
[11]Zhang X,Shen X,Liu J,et al.Ionospheric perturbations of electron density before the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Int.J.Rem.Sen.,2010,31(13):3559-3569
[12]Ding Zonghua,Wu Jian,Sun Shuji,et al.The variation of ionosphere on some days before the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2010,53(l):30-38.In Chinese(丁宗华,吴健,孙树计,等.汶川大地震前电离层参量的变化特征与分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):30-38)
[13]Zhang Xuemin,Ding Jianhai,Shen Xuhui,et al.Electromagnetic perturbations before Wenchuan M8 earthquake and stereo electromagnetic observation system[J].Chin.J.Radio Sci.,2009,24(1):l-8.In Chinese(张学民,丁鉴海,申旭辉,王敏,等.汶川8级地震前电磁扰动与电磁立体监测体系[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(1):1-8)
[14]Zhang Xuemin,Shen Xuhui.Electromagnetic anomalies around the Wenchuan earthquake and their relationship with earthquake preparation[J].Int.J.Geophys.,2011,doi:10.1155/2011/904132
[15]Dobrovolsky I R,Zubkov S I,Myachkin V I.Estimation of the size of earthquake preparation zones[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,1979,7:1025-1044
[16]Li Liuyuan,Yang Junying,Cao Jinbin,et al.Statistical backgrounds of topside-ionospheric electron density and temperature and their variations during geomagnetic activity[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2011,54(10):2437-2444,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.10.001.In Chinese(李柳元,杨俊英,曹晋滨,等.顶部电离层电子密度和温度的统计背景及其地磁活动变化[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2437-2444)
[17]Cui Y,Du J,Chen Z,et al.Remote sensing signals of atmospheric physics and chemistry related to 2010 Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake[J].Adv.Earth Sci.,2011,26(7):787-794.In Chinese(崔月菊,杜建国,陈志,等.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震前后大气物理化学遥感信息[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(7):787-794)
[18]Kang Chunli,Liu Defu,Jing Feng,et al.Study on the indication of infrared radiation prior to impending strong earthquakes[J].Prog.Geophys.,2011,26(6):1897-1905.In Chinese(康春丽,刘德富,荆凤,等.大地震红外辐射异常信息时空特征分析[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):1897-1905)
[19]Pulinets S,Ouzounov D.Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling(LAIC)model—An unified concept for earthquake precursors validation[J].J.Asian Earth Sci.,2011,41(4/5):371-382
[20]Artru J,Ducis V,Kanamori H,et al.Ionospheric detection of gravity waves induced by tsunamis[J].Geophys J.Int.,2005,158:1067-1077
[21]Artru J,Farges T,Lognonne P.Acoustic waves generated from seismic surface waves:Propagation properties determined from Doppler sounding observations and normalmode modeling[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2004,158:1067-1077
[22]Hao Y Q,Xiao Z,Zhang D H.Multi-instrument observation on co-seismic ionospheric effects after great Tohoku earthquake[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2012,117,A02305,doi:10.1029/2011JA017036
[23]Hao Y Q,Xiao Z,Zhang D H.Responses of the ionosphere to the Great Sumatra Earthquake and volcanic eruption of Pinatubo[J].Chin.Phys.Lett,2006,23(7):1955-1957
[24]Kuo C L,Huba J D,Joyce G,Lee L C.Ionosphere plasma bubbles and density variations induced by pre-earthquake rock currents and associated surface charges[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2011,116,A10317,doi:10.1029/2011JA016628
[2]Pulinets S A,Liu J Y,Safronova I A.Interpretation of a statistical variation in the f_0F_2 critical frequency before earthquake based on data from Chung-Li ionospheric station(Taiwan)[J].Geomag.Aeron.,2004,44(1):102-106
[3]Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Pulinets S A,Tsai Y B,Chuo Y J.Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to M≥6.0 Taiwan earthquakes[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2000,27(19):3113-3116
[4]Molchanov O A,Mazhaeva O A,Goliavin A N,Hayakawa M.Observations by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELFVLF electromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes[J].Ann.Geophys.,1993,11:431-440
[5]Parrot M.Statistical studies with satellite observations of seismogenic effect[C]//Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes.Tokyo:TERRAPUB,1999.685-696
[6]Zhao B,Wang M,Yu T,Wan W,Lei J,Liu L,Ning B.Is an unusual large enhancement of ionospheric electron density linked with the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113,A11304,doi:10.1029/2008JA013613
[7]Lin Jian,Wu Yun,Zhu Fuying,et al.Wenchuan earthquake ionosphere TEC anomaly detected by GPS[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2009,52(l):297-300.In Chinese(林剑,吴云,祝美英,乔学军,周义炎.基于GPS探测汶川地震电离层TEC的异常[J].地球物理学报,2009,2(1):297-300)
[8]Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements[J].Ann.Geophys.,2004,22:1585-1593
[9]Zeng Zhongchao,Zhang Bie,Fang Guangyou,et al.The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with DEMETER data[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2009,52(1):11-19.In Chinese(曾中超,张蓓,方广有,等.利用DEMETER卫星数据分析汶川地震前的电离层异常[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):11-19)
[10]Zhang X,Shen X,Liu J,et al.Analysis of ionospheric plasma perturbations before Wenchuan earthquake[J].Nat.Haz.Earth Sys.Sci.,2009,9(4):1259-1266
[11]Zhang X,Shen X,Liu J,et al.Ionospheric perturbations of electron density before the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Int.J.Rem.Sen.,2010,31(13):3559-3569
[12]Ding Zonghua,Wu Jian,Sun Shuji,et al.The variation of ionosphere on some days before the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2010,53(l):30-38.In Chinese(丁宗华,吴健,孙树计,等.汶川大地震前电离层参量的变化特征与分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):30-38)
[13]Zhang Xuemin,Ding Jianhai,Shen Xuhui,et al.Electromagnetic perturbations before Wenchuan M8 earthquake and stereo electromagnetic observation system[J].Chin.J.Radio Sci.,2009,24(1):l-8.In Chinese(张学民,丁鉴海,申旭辉,王敏,等.汶川8级地震前电磁扰动与电磁立体监测体系[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(1):1-8)
[14]Zhang Xuemin,Shen Xuhui.Electromagnetic anomalies around the Wenchuan earthquake and their relationship with earthquake preparation[J].Int.J.Geophys.,2011,doi:10.1155/2011/904132
[15]Dobrovolsky I R,Zubkov S I,Myachkin V I.Estimation of the size of earthquake preparation zones[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,1979,7:1025-1044
[16]Li Liuyuan,Yang Junying,Cao Jinbin,et al.Statistical backgrounds of topside-ionospheric electron density and temperature and their variations during geomagnetic activity[J].Chin.J.Geophys.,2011,54(10):2437-2444,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.10.001.In Chinese(李柳元,杨俊英,曹晋滨,等.顶部电离层电子密度和温度的统计背景及其地磁活动变化[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2437-2444)
[17]Cui Y,Du J,Chen Z,et al.Remote sensing signals of atmospheric physics and chemistry related to 2010 Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake[J].Adv.Earth Sci.,2011,26(7):787-794.In Chinese(崔月菊,杜建国,陈志,等.2010年玉树Ms7.1地震前后大气物理化学遥感信息[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(7):787-794)
[18]Kang Chunli,Liu Defu,Jing Feng,et al.Study on the indication of infrared radiation prior to impending strong earthquakes[J].Prog.Geophys.,2011,26(6):1897-1905.In Chinese(康春丽,刘德富,荆凤,等.大地震红外辐射异常信息时空特征分析[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):1897-1905)
[19]Pulinets S,Ouzounov D.Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling(LAIC)model—An unified concept for earthquake precursors validation[J].J.Asian Earth Sci.,2011,41(4/5):371-382
[20]Artru J,Ducis V,Kanamori H,et al.Ionospheric detection of gravity waves induced by tsunamis[J].Geophys J.Int.,2005,158:1067-1077
[21]Artru J,Farges T,Lognonne P.Acoustic waves generated from seismic surface waves:Propagation properties determined from Doppler sounding observations and normalmode modeling[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2004,158:1067-1077
[22]Hao Y Q,Xiao Z,Zhang D H.Multi-instrument observation on co-seismic ionospheric effects after great Tohoku earthquake[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2012,117,A02305,doi:10.1029/2011JA017036
[23]Hao Y Q,Xiao Z,Zhang D H.Responses of the ionosphere to the Great Sumatra Earthquake and volcanic eruption of Pinatubo[J].Chin.Phys.Lett,2006,23(7):1955-1957
[24]Kuo C L,Huba J D,Joyce G,Lee L C.Ionosphere plasma bubbles and density variations induced by pre-earthquake rock currents and associated surface charges[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2011,116,A10317,doi:10.1029/2011JA016628
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心