基于单自由度结构的颗粒阻尼减振机理试验研究
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摘要
颗粒阻尼(Particle Damping)技术具有减振效果好、作用频带宽、对原结构改动小、布置灵活等优点,因而在航空及机械振动控制领域得到了广泛的研究,但在建筑结构中的研究尚处于探索阶段。以单自由度钢框架结构为研究对象,通过自由振动试验,对比原结构、附加阻尼颗粒结构的响应,研究颗粒质量比、粒径、腔体底摩擦系数、颗粒堆积状态与振动方向长度、激励强度各参数对颗粒阻尼减振控制效果的影响。结果表明,阻尼颗粒提供的等效附加阻尼比随颗粒质量比的增加先增加后减小;粒径小的颗粒数量更多,效果更好;增加腔体底部摩擦导致颗粒运动变缓,减振效果变差;当颗粒没有堆积时,腔体尺寸对阻尼效果的影响很小;振动方向长度增加,阻尼效果略有变差;等效附加阻尼比随激励强度的增加先增加后趋于稳定。颗粒阻尼技术在单自由度结构体系减振控制中的应用效果良好,具有广泛的应用前景。
Particle damping technology has a lot of advantages, such as a notable effect at wide frequency bandwidth, little modification of the original structure, flexibility of layout, etc. So it has been widely researched in mechanical and aviation field, while is still in the immature period in civil engineering. Take a single degree of freedom steel frame as research object, influences of additional mass ratio, particle radius, friction coefficient of container, packing state of particles, length of the container along vibration orientation and excitation intensity were researched through free vibration experiment. The results show that, with the increasing of the particle mass, the additional damping ratio increases at the beginning and then decreases; the smaller particle shows better effect than the bigger one; increasing the friction coefficient can cause a bad effect on vibration controlling; when the particles do not pile up, the size of the container doesn't have much influence, increase the length of the container along the direction of the vibration, the effect becomes worse slightly; with the increasing of the excitation intensity, the additional damping ratio increases at first and then maintains at a certain level. All of these results indicate that particle damping technology has a good effect on reducing the vibration of single-degree freedom structure; it has a wide prospect in civil engineering.
Particle damping technology has a lot of advantages, such as a notable effect at wide frequency bandwidth, little modification of the original structure, flexibility of layout, etc. So it has been widely researched in mechanical and aviation field, while is still in the immature period in civil engineering. Take a single degree of freedom steel frame as research object, influences of additional mass ratio, particle radius, friction coefficient of container, packing state of particles, length of the container along vibration orientation and excitation intensity were researched through free vibration experiment. The results show that, with the increasing of the particle mass, the additional damping ratio increases at the beginning and then decreases; the smaller particle shows better effect than the bigger one; increasing the friction coefficient can cause a bad effect on vibration controlling; when the particles do not pile up, the size of the container doesn't have much influence, increase the length of the container along the direction of the vibration, the effect becomes worse slightly; with the increasing of the excitation intensity, the additional damping ratio increases at first and then maintains at a certain level. All of these results indicate that particle damping technology has a good effect on reducing the vibration of single-degree freedom structure; it has a wide prospect in civil engineering.
引文
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[13]闫维明,许维炳,王瑾,等.调谐型颗粒阻尼器简化力学模型及其参数计算方法研究与减震桥梁试验[J].工程力学,2014,31(6):79-84(Yan Weiming,Xu Weibing,Wang Jin,et al.Experimental and theoretical research on the simplifi ed mechanical model of a tuned particle damper,its parameter determination method and earthquake-induced vibration control of bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2014,31(6):79-84(in Chinese))
[14]Papalou A,Masri S F.Response of impact dampers with granular materials under random excitation[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(3):253–268
[2]Panossian H V.Structural damping enhancement via nonobstructive particle damping technique[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics,1992,114(1):101-105
[3]赵玲,刘平,卢媛媛.非阻塞性微颗粒阻尼柱阻尼特性的实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(8):1-6(Zhao Ling,Liu Ping,Lu Yuanyuan.Experimental investigation on damping characteristics of NOPD columns[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,28(8):1-6(in Chinese))
[4]Bhatti R A,Wang Y R.Simulation of particle damping under centrifugal loads[J].International Journal of Mechanical,Industrial and Aerospace Engineering.2011,5(3):165-170
[5]Panossian H V.Non-obstructive impact damping applications for cryogenic Environments[C]//Proceedings of Damping 91.San Diego California.1991,KBC-1-KBC-9
[6]Hollkamp J J,Gordon R W.Experiments with particle damping[C]//5th Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials.International Society for Optics and Photonics,1998:2-12
[7]Saeki M.Analytical study of multi-particle damping[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,281(3):1133–1144
[8]Lu Z,Masri S F,Lu X L.Parametric studies of the performance of particle dampers under harmonic excitation[J].Structural Control and Health Monitoring.2011,18(1):79-98
[9]赵玲,刘平,卢媛媛.NOPD单自由度体系阻尼特性的实验研究[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(3):34-38(Zhao Ling,Liu Ping,Lu Yuanyuan.Experimental studies on damping characteristics of a SDOF NOPD system[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2009,25(3):34-38(in Chinese))
[10]张向东.高架路交通诱发振动与建筑物减振控制方法研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2009(Zhang Xiangdong.Research on vibration induced by elevated road and vibration control methods of buildings[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2009(in Chinese)
[11]Yan W M,Xu W B,Wang J,et al.Experimental research on the effects of a tuned particle damper on a viaduct system under seismic loads[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2014,19(3):1-10
[12]许维炳,闫维明,王瑾,等.调频型颗粒阻尼器与高架连续梁桥减震控制研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(23):94-99(Xu Weibing,Yan Weiming,Wang Jin,et al.A tuned particle damper and its application in seismic control of continuous viaducts[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(23):94-99(in Chinese))
[13]闫维明,许维炳,王瑾,等.调谐型颗粒阻尼器简化力学模型及其参数计算方法研究与减震桥梁试验[J].工程力学,2014,31(6):79-84(Yan Weiming,Xu Weibing,Wang Jin,et al.Experimental and theoretical research on the simplifi ed mechanical model of a tuned particle damper,its parameter determination method and earthquake-induced vibration control of bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2014,31(6):79-84(in Chinese))
[14]Papalou A,Masri S F.Response of impact dampers with granular materials under random excitation[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(3):253–268
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