防灾应急避难场所通用标识优化设计研究
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摘要
防灾应急避难场所通用标识是防灾应急避难场所设计的重要组成部分,在重大灾害后的灾民疏散和安置、防止和减少伤亡等方面发挥着重要作用。从避难场所通用标识的基本特征入手,分析了现在避难场所通用标识设计中存在的问题,依据功能性、识别性、显著性三原则,提出了对防灾应急避难场所通用标识的优化设计建议,并且对应急避难场所通用标识设计的主要影响因素进行了分析,以使防灾应急避难场所通用标识满足功能性、系统性及适用性的要求。
Universal sign for disaster prevention and emergency shelter is one of the important parts of emergency shelter design.It plays an important role in victims' evacuation and resettlement,preventing and reducing casualties after major disaster.Starting from the basic characteristics of shelter universal sign,the existing problem of universal sign design for disaster prevention and emergency shelter was analyzed,Optimal design proposals for disaster prevention and emergency shelter were presented according to three principles: function,identification,significance.The main influencing factors of universal sign design for disaster prevention and emergency shelters was analyzed in order to meet the functional,systematic and suitability requirements for emergency shelter design.
Universal sign for disaster prevention and emergency shelter is one of the important parts of emergency shelter design.It plays an important role in victims' evacuation and resettlement,preventing and reducing casualties after major disaster.Starting from the basic characteristics of shelter universal sign,the existing problem of universal sign design for disaster prevention and emergency shelter was analyzed,Optimal design proposals for disaster prevention and emergency shelter were presented according to three principles: function,identification,significance.The main influencing factors of universal sign design for disaster prevention and emergency shelters was analyzed in order to meet the functional,systematic and suitability requirements for emergency shelter design.
引文
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[2]王卫国,陈建伟,苏幼坡.日本地震灾害死者死因分析与思考[J].世界地震工程,2012,28(3):70-74.WANG Weiguo,CHEN Jianwei,SU Youpo.Analysis of death causes and thinking for earthquake disaster in Japan[J].World Earthquake Engi-neering,2012,28(3):70-74.
[3]苏幼坡,马亚杰,刘瑞兴.日本防灾公园的类型、作用与配置原则[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(4):27-29.SU Youpo,MA Yajie,LIU Ruixing.Types,functions and disposition rules of the disaster prevention gardens in japan[J].World Earthquake En-gineering,2004,20(4):27-29.
[4]宋波,陈芳,苏经宇.地铁应急疏散标识系统优化[J].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(5):504-510.SONG Bo,CHEN Fang,SU Jingyu.Optimization for the subway emergency evacuation of the sign system[J].Journal of Beijing University ofTechnology,2008,34(5):504-510.
[5]宋波,陈芳,苏经宇.地铁应急疏散标识系统优化[J].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(5):504-510.SONG Bo,CHEN Fang,SU Jingyu.Optimization for the subway emergency evacuation of the sign system[J].Journal of Beijing University ofTechnology,2008,34(5):504-510.
[6]LIU M T,ZHENG X P,CHENG Y.Determining the effective distance of emergency evacuation sign[J].Fire Safety Journal,2011,46(6):364-369.
[7]杜丽娟.应急标识的疏散作用研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2010.DU Lijuan.Research on crowd evacuation of emergency signs[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2010.
[8]苏幼坡,王兴国.城镇防灾避难场所规划设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.SU Youpo,WANG Xingguo.Disasters mitigation emergency congregate shelter[M].Beijing:China Architecture&building Press,2012.
[9]苏幼坡.城市灾害避难与避难疏散场所[M].北京:北京:中国科学技术出版社,2006.SU Youpo.Disaster evacuation and refuge for evacuation for urban regions[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2006.
[10]李延涛,苏幼坡,刘瑞兴.城市防灾公园的规划思想[J],工程规划,2004,28(5):71-73.LI Yantao,SU Youpo,LIU Ruixing.Planning idea of city disaster prevention park[J],Porject Planning,2004,28(5):71-73.
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