基于IDA的低延性钢混框架结构抗震性能分析
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摘要
我国地震灾难多发,其造成的人员伤亡和经济损失居世界之首。汶川地震震害表明依据不同时期抗震规范建造的结构抗震能力差异较大,其中建于1989年之前的结构抗震能力普遍偏弱。以此为基础,首先介绍抗震规范的发展,总结不同时期规范的差异性;然后针对既有结构中延性较低的钢筋混凝土框架结构,在OpenSees中采用IDA方法重点分析两类具有相同构件尺寸和配筋率但延性不同的结构的抗震性能,进而明确低延性结构的抗震薄弱环节。分析结果表明两类结构在同等地震作用下响应差别较大。在大震作用下,低延性结构易于发生脆性破坏,抗震性能较弱,尤其是抗倒塌能力远弱于新建结构。因此需要重视这类结构的分析方法和震前加固措施,以减少地震灾害造成的损失。
Frequent earthquakes strike China,leading the casualties and economic losses the highest level in the world.As observed from Wenchuan earthquake reconnaissance,it can be concluded that structures built according to different levels of seismic codes have different seismic capabilities,and those built before the year 1989 have insufficient capability.So in this paper,the development of Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings is introduced,and then some differences between codes are summarized.Finally two R.C.frame structures with the same dimension and reinforcement ratio but different ductilities are modeled in OpenSees,and in order to obtain the weakness of seismic performance for the low-ductile one,their seismic performance are analyzed based on IDA method.Based on the previous research,the paper concludes that the performances of the two structures are significantly different under different waves.Seismic capability,especially the collapse-resistance capacity of the low-ductile one is much weaker than the newly-built one under severe earthquake.To reduce losses caused by earthquakes,we should pay more attention to developing the modeling methods and reinforcement measures for low-ductile structures.
Frequent earthquakes strike China,leading the casualties and economic losses the highest level in the world.As observed from Wenchuan earthquake reconnaissance,it can be concluded that structures built according to different levels of seismic codes have different seismic capabilities,and those built before the year 1989 have insufficient capability.So in this paper,the development of Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings is introduced,and then some differences between codes are summarized.Finally two R.C.frame structures with the same dimension and reinforcement ratio but different ductilities are modeled in OpenSees,and in order to obtain the weakness of seismic performance for the low-ductile one,their seismic performance are analyzed based on IDA method.Based on the previous research,the paper concludes that the performances of the two structures are significantly different under different waves.Seismic capability,especially the collapse-resistance capacity of the low-ductile one is much weaker than the newly-built one under severe earthquake.To reduce losses caused by earthquakes,we should pay more attention to developing the modeling methods and reinforcement measures for low-ductile structures.
引文
[1]薛素铎,赵均,高向宇.建筑抗震设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2003(Xue Suduo,Zhao Jun,Gao Xiangyu.Seismic design of buildings[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003(in Chinese))
[2]苏幼坡,张玉敏,王绍杰,等.从汶川地震看提高建筑结构抗倒塌能力的必要性和可行性[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(5):25-32(Su Youpo,Zhang Yumin,WangShaojie,et al.The necessity and feasibility of enhancingseismic design of structures based on theWenchuanEarthquake[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(5):25-32(in Chinese))
[3]徐雷,宋战平,韩晓雷,等.汶川地震绵竹震害调查及对乡镇建筑抗震建设的思考[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,40(5):619-624(Xu Lei,SongZhanping,Han Xiaolei,et al.Post-quake consideration:damage analysis and aseismic construction[J].Journal ofXi’an University of Architecture and Technology:NaturalScience Edition,2008,40(5):619-624(in Chinese))
[4]张延年.耦合地震作用下结构振动控制与优化[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008
[5]TJ11—78工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1978
[6]GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001(GB 50011—2001 Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,2001(in Chinese))
[7]清华大学,西南交通大学,北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):1-9(Civil and Structural Groups of TsinghuaUniversity,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Beijing JiaotongUniversity.Analysis on seismic damage of buildings in theWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):1-9(in Chinese))
[8]刘国兴,杨庆山,温军.汶川地震都江堰市建筑结构震害详查与分析[J].建筑结构,2009(S2):227-231(LiuGuoxing,Yang Qingshan,Wen Jun.Survey and analysison seismic damage of structures of Dujiangyan in theWenchuan earthquake[J].Building structures,2009(S2):227-231(in Chinese))
[9]林迟,侯爽,欧进萍.汶川地震中都江堰市多龄期建筑震害特征[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):748-753(Lin Chi,Hou Shuang,Ou Jinping.Seismic damagecharacteristics of multi-aged buildings in Dujiangyan Citysubjected to Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of DalianUniversity of Technology,2009,49(5):748-753(inChinese))
[10]周锡元.中国建筑结构抗震研究和实践六十年[J].建筑结构,2009,39(9):1-14(Zhou Xiyuan.Research andpractice of earthquake resistance of building structures for60 years in China[J].Building Structures,2009,39(9):1-14(in Chinese))
[11]王亚勇,戴国莹.《建筑抗震设计规范》的发展沿革和最新修订[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(6):7-16(WangYayong,Dai Guoying.Evolution and present updation of“Code for seismic design of buildings”[J].Journal ofBuilding Structures,2010,31(6):7-16(in Chinese))
[12]高文生.考虑钢筋粘结滑移影响的钢筋混凝土框架地震反应分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008(GaoWensheng.The seismic responses analysis of RC frameincluding bond-slip[D].Chongqing:ChongqingUniversity,2008(in Chinese))
[13]GB 50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002(GB 50010—2002 Code for designof concrete structures[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,2002(in Chinese))
[14]GBJ10—80混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[15]Zhang Peizhou,Hou Shuang,Ou Jinping.Seismic failuremode simulation for low-ductile R.C.frame structures[C]//15thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Lisbon,Portugal,2012
[16]Mckenna F.OpenSees:A framework for earthquakeengineering simulation[J].Computing in Science&Engineering,2011,13(4):58-66
[17]韩风霞,王志军,宋孟超,等.钢筋混凝土梁柱节点核心区拉-压杆模型化方法研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(1):61-65(Han Fengxia,Wang Zhijun,SongMengchao,et al.Strut-and-tie model method of reinforcedconcrete beam-column joint core[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2010,32(1):61-65(in Chinese))
[18]Lowes L N,Mitra N,Altoontash A.A beam-column jointmodel for simulating the earthquake response of reinforcedconcrete frames[R].PEER Report,Pacific EarthquakeEngineering Research Center,College of Engineering,University of California,Berkeley,2003
[19]Lowes L N,Altoontash A.Modeling reinforced-concretebeam-column joints subjected to cyclic loading[J].Journalof Structural Engineering,2003,129(12):1686-1697
[20]Braga F,Gigliotti R,Laterza M.Analytical stress–strainrelationship for concrete confined by steel stirrups and orFRP jackets[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2006,132(9):1402-1416
[21]Vamvatsikos D,Cornell C A.Incremental dynamic analysis[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31(3):491-514
[22]白久林,欧进萍.基于IDA方法的钢筋混凝土结构失效模式优化[J].工程力学,2011,28(S2):198-203(BaiJiulin,Ou Jinping.Optimization of failure modes forreinforced concrete buildings based on IDA method[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(S2):198-203(inChinese))
[2]苏幼坡,张玉敏,王绍杰,等.从汶川地震看提高建筑结构抗倒塌能力的必要性和可行性[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(5):25-32(Su Youpo,Zhang Yumin,WangShaojie,et al.The necessity and feasibility of enhancingseismic design of structures based on theWenchuanEarthquake[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(5):25-32(in Chinese))
[3]徐雷,宋战平,韩晓雷,等.汶川地震绵竹震害调查及对乡镇建筑抗震建设的思考[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,40(5):619-624(Xu Lei,SongZhanping,Han Xiaolei,et al.Post-quake consideration:damage analysis and aseismic construction[J].Journal ofXi’an University of Architecture and Technology:NaturalScience Edition,2008,40(5):619-624(in Chinese))
[4]张延年.耦合地震作用下结构振动控制与优化[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008
[5]TJ11—78工业与民用建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1978
[6]GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001(GB 50011—2001 Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,2001(in Chinese))
[7]清华大学,西南交通大学,北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):1-9(Civil and Structural Groups of TsinghuaUniversity,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Beijing JiaotongUniversity.Analysis on seismic damage of buildings in theWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):1-9(in Chinese))
[8]刘国兴,杨庆山,温军.汶川地震都江堰市建筑结构震害详查与分析[J].建筑结构,2009(S2):227-231(LiuGuoxing,Yang Qingshan,Wen Jun.Survey and analysison seismic damage of structures of Dujiangyan in theWenchuan earthquake[J].Building structures,2009(S2):227-231(in Chinese))
[9]林迟,侯爽,欧进萍.汶川地震中都江堰市多龄期建筑震害特征[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):748-753(Lin Chi,Hou Shuang,Ou Jinping.Seismic damagecharacteristics of multi-aged buildings in Dujiangyan Citysubjected to Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of DalianUniversity of Technology,2009,49(5):748-753(inChinese))
[10]周锡元.中国建筑结构抗震研究和实践六十年[J].建筑结构,2009,39(9):1-14(Zhou Xiyuan.Research andpractice of earthquake resistance of building structures for60 years in China[J].Building Structures,2009,39(9):1-14(in Chinese))
[11]王亚勇,戴国莹.《建筑抗震设计规范》的发展沿革和最新修订[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(6):7-16(WangYayong,Dai Guoying.Evolution and present updation of“Code for seismic design of buildings”[J].Journal ofBuilding Structures,2010,31(6):7-16(in Chinese))
[12]高文生.考虑钢筋粘结滑移影响的钢筋混凝土框架地震反应分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008(GaoWensheng.The seismic responses analysis of RC frameincluding bond-slip[D].Chongqing:ChongqingUniversity,2008(in Chinese))
[13]GB 50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002(GB 50010—2002 Code for designof concrete structures[S].Beijing:China Architecture andBuilding Press,2002(in Chinese))
[14]GBJ10—80混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[15]Zhang Peizhou,Hou Shuang,Ou Jinping.Seismic failuremode simulation for low-ductile R.C.frame structures[C]//15thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Lisbon,Portugal,2012
[16]Mckenna F.OpenSees:A framework for earthquakeengineering simulation[J].Computing in Science&Engineering,2011,13(4):58-66
[17]韩风霞,王志军,宋孟超,等.钢筋混凝土梁柱节点核心区拉-压杆模型化方法研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(1):61-65(Han Fengxia,Wang Zhijun,SongMengchao,et al.Strut-and-tie model method of reinforcedconcrete beam-column joint core[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2010,32(1):61-65(in Chinese))
[18]Lowes L N,Mitra N,Altoontash A.A beam-column jointmodel for simulating the earthquake response of reinforcedconcrete frames[R].PEER Report,Pacific EarthquakeEngineering Research Center,College of Engineering,University of California,Berkeley,2003
[19]Lowes L N,Altoontash A.Modeling reinforced-concretebeam-column joints subjected to cyclic loading[J].Journalof Structural Engineering,2003,129(12):1686-1697
[20]Braga F,Gigliotti R,Laterza M.Analytical stress–strainrelationship for concrete confined by steel stirrups and orFRP jackets[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2006,132(9):1402-1416
[21]Vamvatsikos D,Cornell C A.Incremental dynamic analysis[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31(3):491-514
[22]白久林,欧进萍.基于IDA方法的钢筋混凝土结构失效模式优化[J].工程力学,2011,28(S2):198-203(BaiJiulin,Ou Jinping.Optimization of failure modes forreinforced concrete buildings based on IDA method[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(S2):198-203(inChinese))
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