落石作用下钢筋混凝土框架易损性研究
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摘要
落石对建筑物撞击造成的损毁和建筑结构的易损性是现今的研究热点。基于以往研究钢筋混凝土结构易损性的经验总结和数据统计的方法,考虑了落石灾害强度(速度、能量和轨迹),提出了定量的易损性分析流程与方法:1)落石对单个构件碰撞可能性计算;2)单根结构构件的落石作用响应分析;3)建立建筑物有限元分析模型进行抗倒塌仿真模拟;4)计算损伤指数D。采用以上方法系统地研究了广西凤山县石灰岩矿山落石作用下混凝土框架结构的易损性。结果表明:损伤指数范围D为0.06~1.00,并可分为非结构构件损伤、仅结构构件损伤、部分倒塌和大范围甚至全部倒塌4个层次;损伤指数与落石作用强度正相关;碰撞路径和碰撞位置对于结构损伤极为重要,中心柱失效比角柱失效损伤更大,落石垂直入射比斜射入射造成损伤更大。该方法能准确量化易损性相关函数中的落石碰撞概率和损伤指数控制因素,促进建筑结构易损性定量化深入研究。
Impact damage to buildings caused by rockfalls have repeatedly happened. The vulnerability of buildings has become a research focus recently. According to previous research of the vulnerability of reinforced concrete buildings based on experience summary and data statistics method,and considering the intensity of rockfalls( velocity,energy and trace), aquantitative analysis process of vulnerability is presented: 1) calculation of the collision probability of a rock and single structural member; 2) evaluation of the response a structural member under rockfalls impact; 3) the establishment of the finite element model to simulate the potential progressive collapse; 4) calculation of a damage index D. The vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures subjected to limestone mine rockfalls impact was systematically studied in Fengshan of Guangxi. The results show that D distribution is 0. 06-1. 00. Damage can be divided non-structural,local structural,partial collapse and extensive or total collapse. D is positively correlated with the intensity of rockfall. Collision path and position are extremely important for the structural damage. The damage value of center column failure is greater than the prism failure,and rockfall vertical incidence has the greater damage than oblique incidence. So this method can accurately quantify the control factors rockfall collision probability and damage index of the vulnerability correlation function, which promotes quantitative research of vulnerability of buildings in-depth.
Impact damage to buildings caused by rockfalls have repeatedly happened. The vulnerability of buildings has become a research focus recently. According to previous research of the vulnerability of reinforced concrete buildings based on experience summary and data statistics method,and considering the intensity of rockfalls( velocity,energy and trace), aquantitative analysis process of vulnerability is presented: 1) calculation of the collision probability of a rock and single structural member; 2) evaluation of the response a structural member under rockfalls impact; 3) the establishment of the finite element model to simulate the potential progressive collapse; 4) calculation of a damage index D. The vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures subjected to limestone mine rockfalls impact was systematically studied in Fengshan of Guangxi. The results show that D distribution is 0. 06-1. 00. Damage can be divided non-structural,local structural,partial collapse and extensive or total collapse. D is positively correlated with the intensity of rockfall. Collision path and position are extremely important for the structural damage. The damage value of center column failure is greater than the prism failure,and rockfall vertical incidence has the greater damage than oblique incidence. So this method can accurately quantify the control factors rockfall collision probability and damage index of the vulnerability correlation function, which promotes quantitative research of vulnerability of buildings in-depth.
引文
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[15]王景玄,王文达,周小燕.基于初始损伤模型的钢管混凝土组合框架抗连续倒塌分析[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(1):179-185.(WANG Jingxuan,WANG Wenda,ZHOU Xiaoyan.Progressive collapse analysis on composite frame with concrete-filled steel tubular columns based on initial damage models[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(1):179-185.(in Chinese))
[16]GSA 2003 Progressive collapse analysis and design guidelines for new federal office buildings and major modernization project[S].Washington DC,USA:Genral Services Administration,2003.
[2]Uzielli M,Nadim F,Lacasse S,Kaynia A M.A conceptual framework for quantitative estimation of physical vulnerability to landslides[J].Engineering Geology,2008,102(3):251-256.
[3]Granger K,Hayne M.Natural hazards and the risks they pose to South East Queensland[M].Symonston,Australia:ASGO-Geoscience,2001:385-389.
[4]Dai F C,Lee C F,Ngai Y Y.Landslide risk assessment and management:an overview[J].Engineering Geology,2002,64(1):65-87.
[5]Agliardi F,Crosta G B,Fratini P.Integrating rock-fall risk assessment and countermeasure design by 3D modellingtechniques[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2009,9(4):1059-1073.
[6]Sterlacchini S,Frigerio S,Giacomelli P,Brambilla M.Landslide risk analysis:a multi-disciplinary methodological approach[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2007,7(6):657-675.
[7]Fuchs S,Heiss K,Hübl J.Towards an empirical vulnerability function for use in debris flow risk assessment[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2007,7(5):495-506.
[8]赵宪忠,闫伸,陈以一.大跨度空间结构连续性倒塌研究方法与现状[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(4):1-14.(ZHAO Xianzhong,YAN Shen,CHEN Yiyi.A review on progressive collapse study for largespan space structures[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(4):1-14.(in Chinese))
[9]于晓辉,吕大刚.考虑结构不确定性的地震倒塌易损性分析[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(10):8-14.(YU Xiaohui,LDagang.Seismic collapse fragility analysis considering structural uncertainties[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(10):8-14.(in Chinese))
[10]HWANG H,刘晶波.地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥梁结构易损性分析[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(6):47-51.(HWANG H,LIU Jingbo.Seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(6):47-51.(in Chinese))
[11]高山,郭兰慧,姚兆旗.关键柱失效后组合框架抗倒塌试验研究及理论分析[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(4):43-48.(GAO Shan,GUO Lanhui,YAO Zhaoqi.Experimental and analytical studies on perfermance of composite frame under column loss[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(4):43-48.(in Chinese))
[12]Remennikov A M,Kaewunruen S.Impact resistance of reinforced concrete columns:experimental studies and design considerations[C]//Proceedings of 19th Australasian Conference on the the Mechanics of Structures and Materials.Christchurch,New Zealand:Taylor&Francis,2006:817-824.
[13]Sezen H.Shear deformation model for reinforced concrete columns[J].Journal Structural Engineering Mechanics,2008,28(1):39-52.
[14]易伟建,何庆峰,肖岩.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗倒塌性能的试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(5):104-109.(YI Weijian,HE Qingfeng,XIAO Yan.Collapse perfermance of RC frame structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2007,28(5):104-109.(in Chinese))
[15]王景玄,王文达,周小燕.基于初始损伤模型的钢管混凝土组合框架抗连续倒塌分析[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(1):179-185.(WANG Jingxuan,WANG Wenda,ZHOU Xiaoyan.Progressive collapse analysis on composite frame with concrete-filled steel tubular columns based on initial damage models[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(1):179-185.(in Chinese))
[16]GSA 2003 Progressive collapse analysis and design guidelines for new federal office buildings and major modernization project[S].Washington DC,USA:Genral Services Administration,2003.
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