不同厚度层状边坡动力响应的模型试验研究
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摘要
采用振动台物理模拟试验方法,以4种不同覆土厚度的层状边坡模型为研究对象,水平输入振幅逐渐增大的正弦波加速度,分析了结构面上覆不同厚度土层对动力作用下边坡的稳定影响。研究了在动力作用下边坡的破坏位置和性质、破坏形式及最危险覆土厚度,验证了坡面放大效应与高程的关系,采用MIDAS/GTS软件对模型试验进行振型分析,分析了模型边坡的自振频率与覆土厚度的变化关系。试验结果表明:①模型破坏时最先出现的裂缝在边坡的中上部,且6cm覆土厚度的模型对振动的响应最大,对应到实际工程中时12m厚度土层覆盖的边坡是最应该注意防护的。②不同厚度的土层破坏的形式不同:当土层厚度较薄时模型破坏较迅速,基本沿结构面发生整体滑动破坏,且滑动呈现一定的流体特性;当覆土较厚时裂缝先在模型中上部出现,随着振动的持续裂缝继续发展,最后发生整体性崩塌。③随着高程的增加峰值加速度总体呈放大趋势,但最大值出现在边坡中上部而非坡顶,说明不仅均质边坡有加速度的高程放大效应,层状边坡也具有加速度的高程放大效应。
Using shaking table tests,we studied four layered slopes with different overburdened soils by increasing the horizontal sine acceleration time history as the input to analyze the impact of the thickness of the overburdened soils on the stability of the layered slopes.The failure position,property,pattern,and disadvantageous thickness of the overburdened soil were thoroughly investigated,and the relationship between the slope magnifying effect and the altitude was verified.A mode analysis was conducted for the test model using MIDAS/GTS to study the relationship between the self-vibration frequency and the thickness of the overburdened soil.The test results indicated the following:(1)The first failure plane was observed in the middle and the upper parts of the slope where the maximum response was found to be in the model slope in the case of the 6-cm-thick overburdened soil.(2)The failure patterns were different for the slopes with different thicknesses of the overburdened soil.In the case of the slope of a relatively thick overburdened soil,the fissures occurred first on the higher part of the slope and kept spreading until the entire slope collapsed in the avalanche mode.(3)With an increase in the altitude,the peak acceleration tended to increase as well,but the maximum value was observed in the middle and the upper parts instead of at the crest of the slope,which implied that the altitude magnifying effect occurred not only in the homogenous slope but also in the layered slope.
Using shaking table tests,we studied four layered slopes with different overburdened soils by increasing the horizontal sine acceleration time history as the input to analyze the impact of the thickness of the overburdened soils on the stability of the layered slopes.The failure position,property,pattern,and disadvantageous thickness of the overburdened soil were thoroughly investigated,and the relationship between the slope magnifying effect and the altitude was verified.A mode analysis was conducted for the test model using MIDAS/GTS to study the relationship between the self-vibration frequency and the thickness of the overburdened soil.The test results indicated the following:(1)The first failure plane was observed in the middle and the upper parts of the slope where the maximum response was found to be in the model slope in the case of the 6-cm-thick overburdened soil.(2)The failure patterns were different for the slopes with different thicknesses of the overburdened soil.In the case of the slope of a relatively thick overburdened soil,the fissures occurred first on the higher part of the slope and kept spreading until the entire slope collapsed in the avalanche mode.(3)With an increase in the altitude,the peak acceleration tended to increase as well,but the maximum value was observed in the middle and the upper parts instead of at the crest of the slope,which implied that the altitude magnifying effect occurred not only in the homogenous slope but also in the layered slope.
引文
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[14]梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1307-1311.LIANG Qing-guo,HAN Wen-feng,MA Run-yong,et al.Physical Simulation Study on Dynamic Failures of Layeredrock Masses under Strong Ground Motion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(8):1307-1311.(in Chinese)
[15]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,知识产权出版社,2005.
[16]左保成,陈从新,刘才华,等.相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(11):1805-1808.ZUO Bao-cheng,CHEN Cong-xin,LIU Cai-hua,et al.Research on Similar Material of Slope Simulation Experiment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(11):1805-1808.(in Chinese)
[17]林韵海.实验岩石力学模拟研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.
[18]张学东,言志信,张森.ANSYS在岩质边坡动力响应分析中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(2):117-121.ZHANG Xue-dong,YAN Zhi-xin,ZHANG Sen.Numerical Analysis on Dynamic Response of Rock Slope Using ANSYS Software[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2010,32(2):117-121.(in Chinese)
[19]许强,刘汉香,邹威,等.斜坡加速度动力响应特性的大型振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2420-2428.XU Qiang,LIU Han-xiang,ZOU Wei,et al.Study Onslope Dynamic Responses of Accelerations by Large-scaleshaking Table test[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2420-2428.(in Chinese)
[20]伍法权.岩体工程地质动力学基本原理[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(3):304-313.WU Fa-quan.Principles of Engineering Geological Dynamics of Rockmass[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(3):304-313.(in Chinese)
[21]陈立德,赵维城,阚荣举,等.一九七六年龙陵地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.CHEN Li-de,ZHAO Wei-cheng,KAN Rong-qu,et al.[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1979.(in Chinese)
[2]郝建斌,门玉明,彭建兵,等.层状岩体边坡动力稳定性模型试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(6):72-75.HAO Jian-bin,MEN Yu-ming,PENG Jian-bing,et al.Research on Dynamic Stability of Layered Rocky Slope with Model test[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2005,22(6):72-75.(in Chinese)
[3]刘汉香,许强,范宣梅,等.地震动强度对斜坡加速度动力响应规律的影响[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1357-1365.LIU Han-xiang,XU Qiang,FAN Xuan-mei,et al.Influence of Ground Motion Intensity on Dynamic Response Laws of Slope Accelerations[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):1357-1365.(in Chinese)
[4]杨庆华,姚令侃,邱燕玲,等.高烈度地震区岩土体边坡崩塌动力学特性研究[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(1):33-39.YANG Qing-hua,YAO Ling-kan,QIU Yan-ling,et al.Research on Dynamical Characteristics of Collapse of Rock and Soil Slope in High Seismic Intensity Areas[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(1):33-39.(in Chinese)
[5]龚文俊,李明永,吴志坚.降雨和地震耦合作用对滑坡稳定性的影响-以甘肃西和Ⅲ号滑坡为例[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(2):161-166.GONG Wen-jun,LI Ming-yong,WU Zhi-jian.Stability Analysis of Landslide under Coupling Action of Earthquake and Rainfall—Taking the No.ⅢLandslide of Xihe County,Gansu Province as An Example[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(2):61-166.(in Chinese)
[6]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173-180.ZHENG Ying-ren,YE Hai-lin,HUANG Run-qiu,et al.Study on the Seismic Stability Analysis of A Slope[J].Earthquake Engineering And Engineering Vibrating,2010,30(2):173-180.(in Chinese)
[7]梁庆国,韩文峰,赵士耀.垂直向地震作用对节理岩体失稳破坏的影响[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(4):307-313.LIANG Qing-guo,HAN Wen-feng,ZHAO Shi-yao.Influence of Vertical Seismic Action on Seismic Dynamic Failure of Jointed Rock Mass[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29 (4):307-313.(in Chinese)
[8]卢育霞,石玉成,陈永明,等.地震诱发黄土滑坡的滑距估测[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(3):248-251.LU Yu-xia,SHI Yu-cheng,CHEN Yong-ming et al.Slippage Estimation of the Loess Landslide Triggered by Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2006,28(3):248-251.(in Chinese)
[9]刘红帅,薄景山,刘德东.岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):164-171.LIU Hong-shuai,BO Jing-shan,LIU De-dong.Review on Study of Seismic Stability Analysis of Rock-soil Slopes[J].Earthquake Engineering And Engineering Vibrating,2005,25(1):164-171.(in Chinese)
[10]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553-556.LIU Han-long,FEI Kang,GAO Yu-feng.Time History Analysis Method of Slope Seismic Stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553-556.(in Chinese)
[11]刘立平,杨实君,李英民.软夹层参数对边坡动力特性的影响分析[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(5):31-34.LIU Li-ping,YANG Shi-jun,LI Ying-min.Influence of Soft Soil Sayer on Synamic Characte Ristic of the Slope[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science Edition,2007,30(5):31-34.(in Chinese)
[12]祁生文,伍法权,严福章,等.岩质边坡动力反应分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:41-46.QI Sheng-wen,WU Fa-quan,YAN Fu-zhang,et al.Rock Slope Dynamic Response Analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:41-46.(in Chinese)
[13]梁庆国,韩文峰.强震区岩体地震动力破坏特征[J].西北地震学报,2009,31(1):15-20.LIANG Qing-guo,HAN Wen-feng.Characteristics of Rock Mass Failure under Seismic Loads at Strong Earthquake Areas[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2009,31(1):15-20.(in Chinese)
[14]梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1307-1311.LIANG Qing-guo,HAN Wen-feng,MA Run-yong,et al.Physical Simulation Study on Dynamic Failures of Layeredrock Masses under Strong Ground Motion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(8):1307-1311.(in Chinese)
[15]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,知识产权出版社,2005.
[16]左保成,陈从新,刘才华,等.相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(11):1805-1808.ZUO Bao-cheng,CHEN Cong-xin,LIU Cai-hua,et al.Research on Similar Material of Slope Simulation Experiment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(11):1805-1808.(in Chinese)
[17]林韵海.实验岩石力学模拟研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.
[18]张学东,言志信,张森.ANSYS在岩质边坡动力响应分析中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(2):117-121.ZHANG Xue-dong,YAN Zhi-xin,ZHANG Sen.Numerical Analysis on Dynamic Response of Rock Slope Using ANSYS Software[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2010,32(2):117-121.(in Chinese)
[19]许强,刘汉香,邹威,等.斜坡加速度动力响应特性的大型振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2420-2428.XU Qiang,LIU Han-xiang,ZOU Wei,et al.Study Onslope Dynamic Responses of Accelerations by Large-scaleshaking Table test[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2420-2428.(in Chinese)
[20]伍法权.岩体工程地质动力学基本原理[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(3):304-313.WU Fa-quan.Principles of Engineering Geological Dynamics of Rockmass[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(3):304-313.(in Chinese)
[21]陈立德,赵维城,阚荣举,等.一九七六年龙陵地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.CHEN Li-de,ZHAO Wei-cheng,KAN Rong-qu,et al.[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1979.(in Chinese)
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