NiTi形状记忆合金丝拉伸力学行为的试验研究
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摘要
常温下处于奥氏体状态的形状记忆合金丝在应力诱发下会表现出超弹性效应,在一个完整加卸载循环过程中,应力-应变曲线表现为完整的滞回环曲线并消耗大量能量。通过对形状记忆合金丝进行力学拉伸试验,以研究加卸载速率、应变幅值和荷载循环等因素对其等效刚度、等效阻尼比和耗能能力等力学行为的影响。研究结果表明:随加载速率的增大,耗能能力下降;随应变幅值的增大,耗能能力有明显的提高,为保证形状记忆合金丝具有稳定的耗能能力,在工程应用中应对其预设一定预应变;随荷载循环次数的增大,耗能能力明显下降,在工程应用中,应进行足够次数的机械训练以获得较稳定的力学特性。
Shape memory alloy wire in austenitic state induced by stress will be represent super-elastic effect at room temperature.Stress-strain curve shows the full hysteretic curve and consumes lots of energy in a completely loading and unloading cycle.The tensile test of shape memory alloy(SMA) wire was completed at room temperature.The influences of loading rate,strain amplitude,as well as number of cycles on working performance,such as equivalent stiffness,energy-dissipating capacity and equivalent damping ratio of the SMA wire in austenitic state are analyzed.The experimental results show that energy-dissipating capacity decreases with the increasing of loading rate;Energy-dissipating capacity increases obviously with the increasing of strain amplitude.Shape memory alloy wire should be set certain prestrain for ensuring the stable energy-dissipating capability in the engineering application;Energy-dissipating capacity decreases obviously with the increasing of number of cycles.Shape memory alloy wire should be conducted enough number of mechanical training for ensuring the stable mechanical properties in the engineering application.
引文
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