先期振动对筑坝材料变形特性的影响
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摘要
通过大型振动三轴试验研究了先期振动荷载对高土石坝筑坝材料抵抗地震变形能力的影响,研究结果表明:经受过先期动应力作用的土石料,再次经受动应力作用时,其抵抗变形的能力明显提高,这是由于在初始动应力作用下,土石料颗粒破碎及试样内部重定向排列大部分已经完成,再次经受动应力作用时,土石料颗粒破碎的程度将降低,试样内部重定向排列的难度将加大,从而使得其变形量减小,抵抗变形的能力提高。抵抗变形的能力提高的幅值与土石料本身的性质、再次经受的动应力与先期动应力的比值,即先期动应力和再次经受的动应力大小有关。根据试验结果建立了先期振动对粗粒料变形能力影响的一般表达式,该表达式表明:先期振动对粗粒料抵抗变形能力的影响仅与k值有关,k反映了粗粒料对先期振动作用的敏感度,表示粗粒料经先期动应力作用后,在再次经受动应力作用时,粗粒料内部重定向排列和颗粒破碎的难易度,k值越小,粗粒料对先期振动的敏感性越大,反之则越小,k值大小与粗粒料本身的矿物组成有关,而与其自身的岩性、颗粒形状、级配、密度等没有关系。
Using dynamic triaxial tests, the effect of previous cyclic loading on capability of anti-deformation dam materials is studied. The results show that the anti-deformation capability is enhanced obviously when the dam materials are stabilized under the previous cyclic loading. It is considered that the further appropriate cyclic loading can not cause more particle breakage and internal redirection as are basically completed under the initial dynamic stress, leading to enhancing of anti-deformation capability and reduction of deformation. A general expression is proposed to describe the effect of the previous cyclic loading on the deformation of coarse materials. The anti-deformation capability of coarse materials only relates with k, which shows the sensitivity of the coarse materials to the previous cyclic loading, and it represents the degree of difficulty of particle breakage and internal redirection under later cyclic loading when they are stabilized under the previous cyclic loading. The value of k just relates with the absorption force and has nothing to do with parent rock, shape, gradation and density and so on. With the decrease of k, the sensitivity of the coarse materials to the previous cyclic loading is larger accordingly, and vice versa.
Using dynamic triaxial tests, the effect of previous cyclic loading on capability of anti-deformation dam materials is studied. The results show that the anti-deformation capability is enhanced obviously when the dam materials are stabilized under the previous cyclic loading. It is considered that the further appropriate cyclic loading can not cause more particle breakage and internal redirection as are basically completed under the initial dynamic stress, leading to enhancing of anti-deformation capability and reduction of deformation. A general expression is proposed to describe the effect of the previous cyclic loading on the deformation of coarse materials. The anti-deformation capability of coarse materials only relates with k, which shows the sensitivity of the coarse materials to the previous cyclic loading, and it represents the degree of difficulty of particle breakage and internal redirection under later cyclic loading when they are stabilized under the previous cyclic loading. The value of k just relates with the absorption force and has nothing to do with parent rock, shape, gradation and density and so on. With the decrease of k, the sensitivity of the coarse materials to the previous cyclic loading is larger accordingly, and vice versa.
引文
[1]CHEN Sheng-shui,HAN Hua-qiang.Impact of the‘5.12’Wenchuan earthquake on Zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam and its analysis[J].Geomechanics and Geoengineering,2009,4(4):292–306.
[2]汪闻韶.土液化特性中的几点发现[J].岩土工程学报,1980,2(3):55–63.(WANG Wen-shao.Some findings in soil liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1980,2(3):55–63.(in Chinese))
[3]汪闻韶.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力试验研究[J].水利学报,1962(2):37–47.(WANG Wen-shao.Study on pore water pressure of saturated sand during cyclic loading[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1962(2):37–49.(in Chinese))
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[8]杨玉生,刘小生,刘启旺,等.双江口心墙堆石坝动力特性的振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):114–119.(YANG Yu-sheng,LIU Xiao-sheng,LIU Qi-wang,et al.Shaking table model tests on dynamic characteristics of Shuangjiangkou high earth-rockfill dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):114–119.(in Chinese))
[9]王学萍,桑守莲,李慧芳,等.乌拉泊水库土石坝振动台模型试验研究[J].水利水电技术,2008,39(9):51–55,66.(WANG Xue-ping,SANG Shou-lian,LI Hui-fang,et al.Study on vibration table model test of earth-rockfill dam for Wulabo Reservoir[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2008,39(9):51–55,66.(in Chinese))
[10]艾斯卡尔·吾休尔.浅析新疆水库溃坝模式及溃坝概率[J].大坝与安全,2009(3):9–10.(AISIKAER Wuxiuer.Analysis on dam-break patterns and probability in Xinjiang[J].Dam&Safety,2009(3):9–10.(in Chinese))
[11]王年香,章为民.混凝土面板堆石坝地震反应离心模型试验[J].水利水运工程学报,2003(3):18–22.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min.Centrifuge model test for seismic response of concrete face rock fill dam[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2003(3):18–22.(in Chinese))
[12]陈生水,韩华强,傅华.循环荷载下堆石料应力变形特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1151–1157.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HAN Hua-qiang,FU Hua.Stress and deformation behaviors of rockfill under cyclic loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1151–1157.(in Chinese))
[13]SL 237—1999土工试验规程[S].1999.(SL 237—1999Standard for soil test method[S].1999.(in Chinese))
[2]汪闻韶.土液化特性中的几点发现[J].岩土工程学报,1980,2(3):55–63.(WANG Wen-shao.Some findings in soil liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1980,2(3):55–63.(in Chinese))
[3]汪闻韶.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力试验研究[J].水利学报,1962(2):37–47.(WANG Wen-shao.Study on pore water pressure of saturated sand during cyclic loading[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1962(2):37–49.(in Chinese))
[4]赵冬.地震期间饱和砂孔隙水压力增长规律估测方法和先期振动影响[J].水利学报,1988(4):54–57.(ZHAO Dong.Evaluate methods for the increasing law of pore pressure and the affection of previous cycle loading of saturated sands during earthquake[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1988(4):54–57.(in Chinese))
[5]石原研而,岡田滋.Effects of large preshearing on cyclic behavior of sand[J].Soils and Foundations,1982,22(3):109–125.
[6]赵剑明,刘小生,刘启旺,等.先期震动对土石坝地震永久变形的影响研究[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(1):28–33.(ZHAO Jian-ming,LIU Xiao-sheng,LIU Qi-wang,et al.Study on the effect of pre-vibration on earthquake-induced permanent deformation of an earth-rock fill dam[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2011,27(1):28–33.(in Chinese))
[7]杨玉生,刘小生,刘启旺,等.双江口心墙堆石坝地震加速度反应的振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):120–125.(YANG Yu-sheng,LIU Xiao-sheng,LIU Qi-wang,et al.Shaking table model tests on seismic acceleration response of Shuangjiangkou high earth-rockfill dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):120–125.(in Chinese))
[8]杨玉生,刘小生,刘启旺,等.双江口心墙堆石坝动力特性的振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):114–119.(YANG Yu-sheng,LIU Xiao-sheng,LIU Qi-wang,et al.Shaking table model tests on dynamic characteristics of Shuangjiangkou high earth-rockfill dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):114–119.(in Chinese))
[9]王学萍,桑守莲,李慧芳,等.乌拉泊水库土石坝振动台模型试验研究[J].水利水电技术,2008,39(9):51–55,66.(WANG Xue-ping,SANG Shou-lian,LI Hui-fang,et al.Study on vibration table model test of earth-rockfill dam for Wulabo Reservoir[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2008,39(9):51–55,66.(in Chinese))
[10]艾斯卡尔·吾休尔.浅析新疆水库溃坝模式及溃坝概率[J].大坝与安全,2009(3):9–10.(AISIKAER Wuxiuer.Analysis on dam-break patterns and probability in Xinjiang[J].Dam&Safety,2009(3):9–10.(in Chinese))
[11]王年香,章为民.混凝土面板堆石坝地震反应离心模型试验[J].水利水运工程学报,2003(3):18–22.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min.Centrifuge model test for seismic response of concrete face rock fill dam[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2003(3):18–22.(in Chinese))
[12]陈生水,韩华强,傅华.循环荷载下堆石料应力变形特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1151–1157.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HAN Hua-qiang,FU Hua.Stress and deformation behaviors of rockfill under cyclic loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1151–1157.(in Chinese))
[13]SL 237—1999土工试验规程[S].1999.(SL 237—1999Standard for soil test method[S].1999.(in Chinese))
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