跨断层区X80钢管道受压时的设计应变预测
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摘要
活动断层是地震区天然气长输管道的主要威胁,断层作用下管道会发生轴向和垂向位移,导致管道内产生较大的应变而失效,断层作用下管道应变的准确计算对跨断层区管道的设计与安全评估具有重要意义。现有的针对跨断层区管道应变计算方法主要针对管道受拉情况,缺乏对受压情况的考虑。为此,基于非线性有限元法,给出了管道受压时(穿越角大于90度)的跨断层区X80钢管压应变数值计算模型,分析了直径、壁厚、内压、土壤特性、穿越角5种主要参数对设计应变(最大压应变)的影响规律,基于有限元数据,拟合得到了受压X80钢管设计应变回归计算公式,与"西气东输二线"工程实际工况有限元结果的对比,验证了回归公式的准确性。该回归公式为穿越断层区X80钢管基于应变的设计与安全评估提供了一定的参考。
Active faults pose threats to the long-distance oil &gas pipelines cross the seismic zones and the axial and vertical displacement of pipes will occur under the action of faulting,resulting in the pipe's failure by agreat inside strain.In this case,the accurate calculation of the strain in the pipe is of great significance to the pipe design and security risk assessment.However,the existing methods only focus on the pipeline in tension but not under stress.In view of this,based on the non-linear FEM,a mathematical model was established for the X80 steel pipeline crossing an active fault with a crossing angle of over 90 degrees.And the influencing rules of pipe diameter,wall thickness,inner pipe stress,soil rigidity,and crossing angle on the design strain(the maximum compressive strain)were also analyzed.In combination with the FEM data,a regression equation was proposed for calculating the design strain of the X80 steel pipeline in this case,and the accuracy and feasibility of which were verified by many numerical examples from the West-to-East PipelineⅡ Project.This equation provides valuable reference for the pipe design and security risk assessment for the X80 steel pipe across active faults.
Active faults pose threats to the long-distance oil &gas pipelines cross the seismic zones and the axial and vertical displacement of pipes will occur under the action of faulting,resulting in the pipe's failure by agreat inside strain.In this case,the accurate calculation of the strain in the pipe is of great significance to the pipe design and security risk assessment.However,the existing methods only focus on the pipeline in tension but not under stress.In view of this,based on the non-linear FEM,a mathematical model was established for the X80 steel pipeline crossing an active fault with a crossing angle of over 90 degrees.And the influencing rules of pipe diameter,wall thickness,inner pipe stress,soil rigidity,and crossing angle on the design strain(the maximum compressive strain)were also analyzed.In combination with the FEM data,a regression equation was proposed for calculating the design strain of the X80 steel pipeline in this case,and the accuracy and feasibility of which were verified by many numerical examples from the West-to-East PipelineⅡ Project.This equation provides valuable reference for the pipe design and security risk assessment for the X80 steel pipe across active faults.
引文
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[16]张鹏,魏韡,崔立伟,等.地表冲沟条件下悬空管道的力学模型与延寿分析[J].天然气工业,2014,34(4):142-148.ZHANG Peng,WEI Wei,CUI Liwei,et al.A mechanical model and life extension analysis of suspended pipelines under the condition of geological gulch[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(4):142-148.
[17]吴晓南,卢泓方,黄坤,等.基于频谱分析的地震带输气管道应力分析方法[J].天然气工业,2014,34(5):152-157.WU Xiaonan,LU Hongfang,HUANG Kun,et al.Stress analysis of gas pipelines at seismic belts based on the spectrum analysis[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(5):152-157.
[18]刘爱文,胡聿贤,赵凤新,等.地震断层作用下埋地管道壳有限元分析的等效边界方法[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊1):141-147.LIU Aiwen,HU Yuxian,ZHAO Fengxin,et al.An equivalent-boundary method for the shell analysis of buried pipelines under fault movement[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(S1):141-147.
[2]American Lifelines Alliance-ASCE.Guidelines for the design of buried steel pipe(with addenda through February2005)[S].New York:American Society of Civil Engineers,2005.
[3]NEWMARK N M,HALL W J.Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement[C]∥proceedings of the U.S.National Conference on Earthquake Engineering,16-25 April1975,Ann Arbor,Michigan,USA.Michigan:University of Michigan,1975.
[4]KENNEDY R P,DARROW A W,WILLIAMSON R A.Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline[J].Transport Engineering Journal,1977,103(5):617-633.
[5]KARAMITROS D,BOUCKOVALAS G,KOURETZIS G,et al.An analytical method for strength verification of buried steel pipelines at normal fault crossings[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2011,31(11):1452-1464.
[6]KARAMITROS D,BOUCKOVALAS G,KOURETZIS G.Stress analysis of buried steel pipelines at strike-slip fault crossings[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27(3):200-211.
[7]TRIFONOV O V,CHERNIY V P A.Semi-analytical approach to a nonlinear stress-strain analysis of buried steel pipelines crossing active faults[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(11):1298-1308.
[8]刘学杰,孙绍平.地下管道穿越断层的应变设计方法[J].特种结构,2005,22(2):81-85.LIU Xuejie,SUN Shaoping.Strain based design of buried pipelines crossing faults[J].Special Structures,2005,22(2):81-85.
[9]顾晓婷,张宏,王国丽,等.大口径天然气管道穿越断层的管沟设计研究[J].天然气工业,2009,29(8):106-108.GU Xiaoting,ZHANG Hong,WANG Guoli,et al.Trench design for buried cross-fault large-diameter gas pipelines[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(8):106-108.
[10]刘冰.基于应变的管道设计准则与方法研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2008.LIU Bing.Strain-based design criteria and method of pipeline[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum(Beijing),2008.
[11]JOSHI S,PRASHANT A,DEB A,et al.Analysis of buried pipelines subjected to reverse fault motion[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2011,31(7):930-940.
[12]闫相祯,张立松,杨秀娟.管道穿越地震断层管土耦合大变形壳模型的应变响应规律研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(8):132-139.YAN Xiangzhen,ZHANG Lisong,YANG Xiujuan.Strain response study of oil gas pipeline crossing earthquake fault based on pipeline-soil coupling and large deformation shell model[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(8):132-139.
[13]余志峰,王国丽,史航,等.Q/SY GJX 0136—2008西气东输二线管道工程强震区和活动断层区段埋地管道基于应变设计导则[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.YU Zhifeng,WANG Guoli,SHI Hang,et al.Q/SY GJX0136-2008Guideline for strain-based design in seismic area and active fault crossing of the second west-east natural gas transportation pipeline project[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[14]朱秀星,仝兴华,薛世峰.跨越断层的埋地管道抗震设计[J].油气储运,2009,28(10):30-33.ZHU Xiuxing,TONG Xinghua,XUE Shifeng.Aseismic design for buried pipeline crossing fault[J].Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation,2009,28(10):30-33.
[15]姚安林,徐涛龙,郑健,等.河流穿越高压输气管道临界悬空长度的数值模拟研究[J].工程力学,2013,30(3):152-158.YAO Anlin,XU Taolong,ZHENG Jian,et al.Study on numerical simulation of critical suspended length of highpressure gas pipelines crossing riverbed[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(3):152-158.
[16]张鹏,魏韡,崔立伟,等.地表冲沟条件下悬空管道的力学模型与延寿分析[J].天然气工业,2014,34(4):142-148.ZHANG Peng,WEI Wei,CUI Liwei,et al.A mechanical model and life extension analysis of suspended pipelines under the condition of geological gulch[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(4):142-148.
[17]吴晓南,卢泓方,黄坤,等.基于频谱分析的地震带输气管道应力分析方法[J].天然气工业,2014,34(5):152-157.WU Xiaonan,LU Hongfang,HUANG Kun,et al.Stress analysis of gas pipelines at seismic belts based on the spectrum analysis[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(5):152-157.
[18]刘爱文,胡聿贤,赵凤新,等.地震断层作用下埋地管道壳有限元分析的等效边界方法[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊1):141-147.LIU Aiwen,HU Yuxian,ZHAO Fengxin,et al.An equivalent-boundary method for the shell analysis of buried pipelines under fault movement[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(S1):141-147.
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