高拱坝极限抗震能力研究之挑战
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摘要
我国西南地区在建和拟建的多座高拱坝抗震安全问题十分突出,大坝抗震安全是我国西部大开发战略中水利水电建设工程无法避让和必须面对的严重挑战,研究拱坝系统极限抗震能力是确保地震时不发生库水失控下泄的关键课题之一。拱坝系统极限抗震能力的研究包括数值模型方法和物理模型动力试验方法。在实际拱坝震害资料匮乏的情况下,物理模型与数值模型两种研究途径的成果,相互验证、相互补充,进而对拱坝系统极限抗震能力获得更加全面、更加完整的认知。拱坝系统振动台动力模型破坏试验是对十分稀少的实际强震条件下拱坝系统地震响应观测资料的重要补充,从而为探索拱坝系统在地震作用下的损伤发生、发展规律,为研究拱坝系统极限抗震能力提供重要依据。
Many high arch dams are or will be under construction in the southwest region of China for hydropower development. Their safety against earthquakes is a great concern and presents an inevitable challenge to be tackled. Ultimate capacity of high arch dams against earthquakes is one of the key issues for prevention of uncontrollable water release from these reservoirs. For this study, numerical methods and physical model tests can be adopted, and their results can verify and complement each other to obtain more complete and concrete information for understanding the ultimate capacity, for which useful data of actual dam damages are very rare at present. The results of experimental studies on the damage of arch dams are an important supplement to the rare cases of in-situ observations on dam responses to strong earthquakes, and they provide useful data and visible evidences on development of damages that could be related to the final failures of arch dams.
Many high arch dams are or will be under construction in the southwest region of China for hydropower development. Their safety against earthquakes is a great concern and presents an inevitable challenge to be tackled. Ultimate capacity of high arch dams against earthquakes is one of the key issues for prevention of uncontrollable water release from these reservoirs. For this study, numerical methods and physical model tests can be adopted, and their results can verify and complement each other to obtain more complete and concrete information for understanding the ultimate capacity, for which useful data of actual dam damages are very rare at present. The results of experimental studies on the damage of arch dams are an important supplement to the rare cases of in-situ observations on dam responses to strong earthquakes, and they provide useful data and visible evidences on development of damages that could be related to the final failures of arch dams.
引文
[1]Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects CHAPTER 11-ARCH DAMS,Federal Energy Regulatory Commission,Division of Dam Safety and Inspections,1999.
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[6]Haibo Wang,Deyu Li.Experimental study of dynamic damage of an arch dam,Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,Vol.36,36:347–366,2007
[7]李德玉,王海波,涂劲,等.拱坝坝体-地基动力相互作用的振动台动力模型试验研究[J].水利学报,2003,(7):30-35.Li Deyu,Wang Haibo,Tu Jin,et al.Model test of dynamic interaction between arch dam and foundation on shaking table[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,(7):30-35.(in Chinese)
[8]王海波、李德玉.高拱坝抗震性能试验研究[C]//首届全国水工抗震防灾学术会议论文集,2006.Wang Haibo,Li Deyu.Experimental Study of the Seismic Performance of High Arch Dams[C]//Proceeding of First National Conference on Seismic Design of Hydraulic Projects,2006.(in Chinese)
[9]王海波,涂劲,李德玉.室内动力模型试验中辐射阻尼效应的模拟[J].水利学报,2004,(2):39-44.Wang Haibo,Tu Jin,Li Deyu.Simulation of radiational damping of unbounded medium in shaking table test[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(2):39-44.(in Chinese)
[2]朱伯芳:1999年台湾921集集大地震中的水利水电工程[J].水力发电学报,2003,(1):21-33.Zhu Bofang.Damage to hydraulic structures caused by 921 earthquake of Taiwan 1999[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2003,(1):21-33.(in Chinese)
[3]王仁坤、邵敬东.沙牌拱坝经受了超强地震的考验[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(5):92-96.WANG Renkun,SHAO Jingdong.Shapai arch dam has withstood Wenchuan earthquake beyond fortification level[J],Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(5):92-96.(in Chinese)
[4]王海波、李德玉.拱坝抗震设计理论与实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.Wang Haibo,Li Deyu.Aseismic Design of Arch Dam:Theory and Practice[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[5]Haibo Wang,Deyu Li.Experimental study of seismic overloading of large arch dam[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2006,35(2):199-216.
[6]Haibo Wang,Deyu Li.Experimental study of dynamic damage of an arch dam,Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,Vol.36,36:347–366,2007
[7]李德玉,王海波,涂劲,等.拱坝坝体-地基动力相互作用的振动台动力模型试验研究[J].水利学报,2003,(7):30-35.Li Deyu,Wang Haibo,Tu Jin,et al.Model test of dynamic interaction between arch dam and foundation on shaking table[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,(7):30-35.(in Chinese)
[8]王海波、李德玉.高拱坝抗震性能试验研究[C]//首届全国水工抗震防灾学术会议论文集,2006.Wang Haibo,Li Deyu.Experimental Study of the Seismic Performance of High Arch Dams[C]//Proceeding of First National Conference on Seismic Design of Hydraulic Projects,2006.(in Chinese)
[9]王海波,涂劲,李德玉.室内动力模型试验中辐射阻尼效应的模拟[J].水利学报,2004,(2):39-44.Wang Haibo,Tu Jin,Li Deyu.Simulation of radiational damping of unbounded medium in shaking table test[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(2):39-44.(in Chinese)
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