黄土动力变形研究进展与可能突破方向
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摘要
通过分析黄土动力变形研究的进展状况,概括已有研究的主要切入点和存在的问题,结合黄土动力变形研究对厘清其物理过程与力学机制的需求,提出未来取得突破的可能方向.分析结果显示:已经开展的相关研究工作,基本以动三轴试验作为关键基础数据来源,将分析土体物性参量、动荷载类型和微观结构特征等因素的影响作为切入点,在各类影响因素的相互制约方面未能给予足够考虑;少量基于物理力学机制的工作,虽对关键影响参量以及其间关联作了较好分析,但在理论化、定量化方面仍嫌薄弱;未来的研究中,定量刻画动荷载作用于土体的加载效应、固相动力响应与其宏观结构强度的定量关系、水气两相复合势能动力累积规律和场地边界条件对土体初始应力状态的影响等,应是值得关注的获取实质性突破的可能方向.
The research progress in dynamic deformation of loess was first analyzed and the train of thought and the deficiency in the existing results were summarized. Then the requirements for dynamic mechanisms were discussed to comprehend the physical process and mechanical mechanism of loess deformation under dynamic loading. Finally we proposed several breakthrough points for research into the dynamic deformation of loess in the future. The analyzed results showed that for the existing arts, the dynamic triaxial test in laboratory is the main approach to investigating the loess deformation under seismic loadings. Based on the laboratory data, these studies attract more attention to the dynamic deformation features influenced by three aspects,i.e. the physical properties of loess, types of dynamic loadings and microstructural characteristics of the soil.Almost all researches have failed to consider the interaction between different factors and this has led to the main constraints on the rationality and applicability of relative results. A few studies, fortunately, have applied the physical-mechanical mechanism and obtained better results from the analysis of critical influence parameters and the correlation between them. But these results are still preparatory and further efforts are needed in the theorization and quantification of the essential laws concerning dynamic loess deformation. According to above analysis, we believe that for future research on dynamic loess deformation, the theoretical description of the loading effect caused by the ground motion on loess, the quantitative relation between the dynamic response of solid-phase and the macro structure strength of loess, the dynamic development laws of composite potential energy of air and water phases, and the influence of boundary conditions in field on initial stress state of loess,etc, should be the noteworthy breakthrough spoints to consider.
The research progress in dynamic deformation of loess was first analyzed and the train of thought and the deficiency in the existing results were summarized. Then the requirements for dynamic mechanisms were discussed to comprehend the physical process and mechanical mechanism of loess deformation under dynamic loading. Finally we proposed several breakthrough points for research into the dynamic deformation of loess in the future. The analyzed results showed that for the existing arts, the dynamic triaxial test in laboratory is the main approach to investigating the loess deformation under seismic loadings. Based on the laboratory data, these studies attract more attention to the dynamic deformation features influenced by three aspects,i.e. the physical properties of loess, types of dynamic loadings and microstructural characteristics of the soil.Almost all researches have failed to consider the interaction between different factors and this has led to the main constraints on the rationality and applicability of relative results. A few studies, fortunately, have applied the physical-mechanical mechanism and obtained better results from the analysis of critical influence parameters and the correlation between them. But these results are still preparatory and further efforts are needed in the theorization and quantification of the essential laws concerning dynamic loess deformation. According to above analysis, we believe that for future research on dynamic loess deformation, the theoretical description of the loading effect caused by the ground motion on loess, the quantitative relation between the dynamic response of solid-phase and the macro structure strength of loess, the dynamic development laws of composite potential energy of air and water phases, and the influence of boundary conditions in field on initial stress state of loess,etc, should be the noteworthy breakthrough spoints to consider.
引文
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[2]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学B辑:化学、生物学、农学、医学、地学,1987,17(12):1309-1316.
[3]高国瑞.黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学,1980,23(12):1203-1208.
[4]王兰民,石玉成,刘旭,等.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003:47-63.
[5]石玉成,裘国荣.基于微结构的黄土震陷本构关系研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增1):7-12.
[6]谢定义.试论我国黄土力学研究的若干新趋向[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):3-13.
[7]苗天德,刘忠玉,任九生.湿陷性黄土的变形机制与本构关系[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(4):783-787.
[8]Seed H B,Chan C K.Clay strength under earthquake loading condition[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1966,92(2):53-78.
[9]Thiers G R,Seed H B.Strength and stress-strain characteristics of clays subject to seismic loading conditions vibration effects of earthquake on soil and foundation[C]//Vibration Effects of Earthquakes on Soils and Foundations.Philadelphia:American Society for Testing and Materials,1969:3-56.
[10]Lee L K.Seismic permanent deformation in earth dams[R].Los Angeles:Mechanics and Structures Department School of Engineering and Applied Science,University of California,1974.
[11]谢君斐,石兆吉.原状饱和粘土动力性能的试验研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1977.
[12]郁寿松,石兆吉.土壤震陷试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1989,11(4):35-44.
[13]王兰民,孙军杰,黄雪峰,等.黄土场地震陷时桩基负摩阻力的现场试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(3):341-348.
[14]甘肃省建设科技专家委员会.建筑抗震设计规程(DB62/T25-3055-2011)[S].兰州:甘肃省住房和城乡建设厅,甘肃省质量技术监督局,2012.
[15]张振中,段汝文.黄土震陷研究与震害[J].西北地震学报,1987,9(增刊):63-69.
[16]Zhang Zhen-zhong,Zhang Dong-li,Liu Hongmei.Comprehensive study on seismic subsidence of loess under earthquake[J].Northwest Seismological Journal,2005,27(1):36-41.
[17]Seed H B.Landslide during earthquake due to soil liquefaction[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1968,94(5):1055-1122.
[18]张振中,孙崇绍,段汝文,等.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[19]汪国烈.对湿陷性黄土场地地震作用工程影响的几点看法[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):96-98.
[20]王兰民,孙军杰,徐舜华,等.爆破模拟地震动条件下黄土场地震陷研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):913-921.
[21]巫志辉,方彦.原状黄土在增湿时的震陷特性[C]//中国振动工程学会第三届土动力学会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,1990:285-290.
[22]李启鹞,呈显瑶,蔡东艳.地震荷载下黄土的动力特性[J].西安冶金建筑学院学报,1985,43(3):9-37.
[23]何光,朱鸿博.黄土震陷研究[J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(5):99-103.
[24]王兰民,袁中夏.干密度对击实黄土震陷性影响的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(1):75-80.
[25]徐舜华,王兰民,孙军杰,等.含水量对黄土震陷性定量影响研究[J].西北地震学报,2010,31(2):30-35.
[26]徐舜华,王兰民,孙军杰,等.黄土震陷性深度特征的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,32(11):3397-3403.
[27]李兰,王兰民,石玉成.黄土震陷系数与物性关系的研究[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(增1):128-131.
[28]郭乐,王家鼎,谷天峰.宝鸡市渭北台塬马兰黄土震陷特性研究[J].水文地质与工程地质,2012,39(2):61-65.
[29]陈永明,王兰民,刘红玫.剪切波速预测黄土场地震陷量的方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2834-2839.
[30]王兰民,张振中.地震时黄土振陷量的估算方法[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):85-94.
[31]Ishihara K,Koyamachi N,Kasuda K.Strength of a cohesive soil in irregular loading[J].IAEE,1984,1:7-14.
[32]王兰民,张振中,王峻,等.随机地震荷载作用下黄土动强度的试验方法[J].西北地震学报,1991,13(3):50-55.
[33]王峻,王兰民.地震荷载作用下黄土地基震陷研究[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(4):44-47.
[34]王峻,石玉成,王杰民,等.不同地震荷载作用下黄土震陷特性的对比分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增1):102-106.
[35]邓龙胜,范文.随机地震荷载作用下黄土震陷的影响因素研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1924-1931.
[36]邓龙胜.强震作用下黄土边坡的动力响应机制和动力稳定性研究[D].西安:长安大学地质科学与测绘学院,2010.
[37]袁晓铭,孙锐,孟上九.土体地震大变形分析中Seed有效循环次数方法的局限性[J].岩土工程学报,2004,36(2):207-211.
[38]丁勇,王家鼎,何小亮.列车动荷载下的黄土振陷研究[J].地下水,2010,32(5):85-86.
[39]沈珠江.土体结构性的数学模型——世纪土力学的核心问题[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(1):95-97.
[40]王兰民,邓津,黄媛.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3025-3031.
[41]谷天峰,王家鼎,郭乐,等.基于图像处理的黄土的微观结构变化研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增1):3185-3192.
[42]谷天峰,王家鼎,郭乐,等.基于支持向量机的黄土孔隙微观结构研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(6):102-106.
[43]裘国荣,石玉成,刘红玫.黄土震陷时微观结构随动应力变化分析[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(1):42-46.
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