开切眼附近冲击地压发生机理及防治技术研究
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摘要
为解决开切眼附近冲击地压事故频发的问题,采用力学理论计算和现场测试的方法,分析了开切眼附近发生冲击地压的机理。研究结果表明:开采深度、采空区应力转移和断层残余应力是诱发开切眼附近冲击地压的主要因素。开切眼附近巷道冲击破坏类型分为高压应力差导致的剪切失稳和高拉剪应力导致的结构失稳。采用半煤岩巷或全岩巷,避免高压应力差导致剪切失稳型冲击;在开切眼及附近巷道两帮实施大直径深孔卸压,将底板的屈曲性破坏转化成缓慢弯曲变形,避免发生高拉剪应力导致结构失稳型冲击。
In order to solve the problem of frequent rock burst hazards near open-off cut,the mechanism of rock burst near open-off cut were theoretically studied and surveyed in site. The results showed that mining depth,goaf stress transfer and fault residual stress were the major factors induced rock burst near open-off cut. The roadway near open-off cut rock burst types were classified into shear instability induced by high stress difference and structural instability induced by high shear stress. The mixed coal-rock roadway or whole rock roadway were proposed,to avoid shear instability induced by high stress. The conduct pressure-relieving boreholes in open-off cut and near roadway sides,the floor of the buckling failure was changed into slowly bending deformation,so the occurrence of structural instability induced by high shear stress could be avoided.
In order to solve the problem of frequent rock burst hazards near open-off cut,the mechanism of rock burst near open-off cut were theoretically studied and surveyed in site. The results showed that mining depth,goaf stress transfer and fault residual stress were the major factors induced rock burst near open-off cut. The roadway near open-off cut rock burst types were classified into shear instability induced by high stress difference and structural instability induced by high shear stress. The mixed coal-rock roadway or whole rock roadway were proposed,to avoid shear instability induced by high stress. The conduct pressure-relieving boreholes in open-off cut and near roadway sides,the floor of the buckling failure was changed into slowly bending deformation,so the occurrence of structural instability induced by high shear stress could be avoided.
引文
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[13]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:17-28.
[14]孙训方,方孝淑,关来泰.材料力学I[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
[2]齐庆新,李晓璐,赵善坤.煤矿冲击地压应力控制理论与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):1-5.
[3]蓝航,齐庆新,潘俊锋,等.我国煤矿冲击地压特点及防治技术分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(1):11-15.
[4]姜红兵,王黑丑,张松军.义马跃进煤矿冲击地压发生原因分析[J].煤炭技术,2013,27(3):161-162.
[5]李希勇.岩层断裂法防治冲击地压的应用实践术[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(6):55-57.
[6]史红,姜福兴.基于微地震监测的覆岩多层空间结构倾向支承压力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S1):3274-3280.
[7]潘一山,李忠华,章梦涛.我国冲击地压分布、类型、机理及防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1844-1851.
[8]Luo X,Hatherly P.Application of microseismic monitoring to characterise geomechnic conditions in longwall mining[J].Exploration Geophysics,1998(29):489-493.
[9]姜耀东.煤岩冲击动力失稳的机理和实验研究[M].北京:科学出版社2009:10-15.
[10]姜福兴,王平,冯增强,等.复合型厚煤层“震-冲”型动力灾害机理、预测与控制[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(12):1605-1609.
[11]王淑坤.冲击地压机理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(S0):500-503.
[12]李志华,窦林名,曹安业,等.采动影响下断层滑移诱发煤岩冲击机理[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(S1):68-73.
[13]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:17-28.
[14]孙训方,方孝淑,关来泰.材料力学I[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
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