大坝蓄水初期事故分析
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摘要
在蓄水初期,大坝处于一个不稳定的、复杂敏感的工作阶段。随着蓄水加荷,坝基、坝体、近坝库岸边坡等部位的运行性态不断调整变化,有可能向事故方向转化,尤其是在激烈加荷条件下,再加上设计和施工中的重要失误,这种转化很可能被触发而酿成重大事故。因此,在大坝整个生命周期中,蓄水初期是事故风险相对较大的阶段。统计了13座典型大坝蓄水初期事故,对事故原因进行了深入分析,并提出了相应的处理措施。
In the initial impoundment period, the dam is in an unstable, complex and sensitive operation stage. With the continuous changes of water loading and the operation behaviors of dam foundation, dam body and slopes, these changes could lead to accident risk. The risk is likely to be triggered and leads to a major accident under the special intense loading conditions and coupled with important mistakes in design and construction stages. Therefore, the initial impoundment period is a relative large accident risk stage in whole life cycle of dam. The accidents of 13 typical dams in initial impoundment period are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are also proposed.
In the initial impoundment period, the dam is in an unstable, complex and sensitive operation stage. With the continuous changes of water loading and the operation behaviors of dam foundation, dam body and slopes, these changes could lead to accident risk. The risk is likely to be triggered and leads to a major accident under the special intense loading conditions and coupled with important mistakes in design and construction stages. Therefore, the initial impoundment period is a relative large accident risk stage in whole life cycle of dam. The accidents of 13 typical dams in initial impoundment period are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are also proposed.
引文
[1]汝乃华,牛运光.土石坝的事故统计和分析[J].大坝与安全,2001(1):31-37.
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[3]P.J.里根.大坝事故与其运行年限的关系[J].水利水电快报,2011,32(10):36-41.
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[7]邢林生.纪村混凝土坝基红层的恶化及其原因分析[J].水利学报,1996(8):38-43.
[8]黄显泰.安全是枢纽布置设计之首要考虑因素[J].大坝与安全,2012(2):19-21.
[9]李君纯.沟后面板坝溃决的研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1995(4):425-434.
[10]鲁结根,谭大文.溪洛渡大坝运行初期安全风险与应对措施分析[J].水力发电,2013,39(8):4-8.
[2]汝乃华,姜忠胜.大坝事故与安全·拱坝[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1995.
[3]P.J.里根.大坝事故与其运行年限的关系[J].水利水电快报,2011,32(10):36-41.
[4]邢林生.水电站大坝维修加固的实践与思考[J].红水河,2001,20(1):33-36.
[5]漆富冬.柘溪和凤滩水库库岸变形的情况及原因分析[J].水力发电,1985(9):14-21.
[6]左秀泓,赵冬,李祖信.新疆喀什一级水电站大坝地震震害的初步分析[J].水力发电,1986(9):14-21.
[7]邢林生.纪村混凝土坝基红层的恶化及其原因分析[J].水利学报,1996(8):38-43.
[8]黄显泰.安全是枢纽布置设计之首要考虑因素[J].大坝与安全,2012(2):19-21.
[9]李君纯.沟后面板坝溃决的研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1995(4):425-434.
[10]鲁结根,谭大文.溪洛渡大坝运行初期安全风险与应对措施分析[J].水力发电,2013,39(8):4-8.
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