不同安装法对管桩桩周土影响的有限元分析
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摘要
利用有限元方法模拟钢管桩的贯入过程,研究贯入过程中桩周不同深度土体的应力变化过程。管桩贯入土体这一过程为高度非线性问题,通用的接触和网格划分方法难以解决大变形问题,通过采用ALE网格划分技术以及"zipper-type"方法解决了管桩贯入过程中的大变形和接触问题,运用ABAQUS模拟了直径2.134 m的钢管桩采用静压和锤击两种方法的安装过程。根据贯入过程中桩壁内外土体应力变化可知,静压贯入过程中管内土水平应力明显高于管外土体的水平应力,更容易形成土塞,挤土效应也比较明显。通过对桩周土体中某点在安装过程中应力变化历程的分析,可以看到锤击安装方式在桩周土中造成应力增加的数值较大,对周围土体影响范围也较大,在评估桩基承载力时,应适当考虑这种影响。
The finite element method( FEM) is used to simulate the penetration process of a pipe pile and the stress of the soil mass around the pile changing with depth is simulated and analysed. Pile driving is a highly nonlinear process and large deformation problems can hardly be solved by a common method by contacting and meshing. Those problems can be solved by ALE meshing technology and a"zipper-type"method. In this paper,the penetration process of an open-ended pipe pile with diameter of 2. 134 m into clay soil is investigated by ABAQUS.And the following installation methods are considered: pile jacking and impact driving. The horizontal stress of the soil mass inside the pipe pile is higher than that of the soil mass outside according to the soil stress inside and outside the pile changing with the depth in the pile penetration process. So,soil plugging appears in the pile jacking more easily than that in the impact driving and squeezing effect is relatively obvious. By analyzing the stress changing with time at some points in the soil mass around the pipe pile during the driving,the increase of the stress of the soil mass around the impact pile is lager than that in the pile jacking,and so is the sphere of influence in the soil mass around the pipe pile. Therefere,this effect should be taken into consideration to evaluate the bearing capacity of the pipe pile.
The finite element method( FEM) is used to simulate the penetration process of a pipe pile and the stress of the soil mass around the pile changing with depth is simulated and analysed. Pile driving is a highly nonlinear process and large deformation problems can hardly be solved by a common method by contacting and meshing. Those problems can be solved by ALE meshing technology and a"zipper-type"method. In this paper,the penetration process of an open-ended pipe pile with diameter of 2. 134 m into clay soil is investigated by ABAQUS.And the following installation methods are considered: pile jacking and impact driving. The horizontal stress of the soil mass inside the pipe pile is higher than that of the soil mass outside according to the soil stress inside and outside the pile changing with the depth in the pile penetration process. So,soil plugging appears in the pile jacking more easily than that in the impact driving and squeezing effect is relatively obvious. By analyzing the stress changing with time at some points in the soil mass around the pipe pile during the driving,the increase of the stress of the soil mass around the impact pile is lager than that in the pile jacking,and so is the sphere of influence in the soil mass around the pipe pile. Therefere,this effect should be taken into consideration to evaluate the bearing capacity of the pipe pile.
引文
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[8]NIEMUNIS A,HERLE I.A hypoplastic model for cohesionless soils with elastic strain range[J].Mechanics of Cohesivefrictional Materials,1997,2(4):279-299.
[9]MAHUTKA K P,KNIG F,GRABE J.Numerical modelling of pile jacking,driving and vibratory driving[M]∥Numerical Modelling of Construction Processes in Geotechnical Engineering for Urban Environment.London:Taylor&Francis,2006:235-246.
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[11]LIYANAPATHIRANA D S,DEEKS A J,RANDOLPH M F.Numerical modelling of large deformations associated with driving of open-ended piles[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2000,24(14):1079-1101.
[12]HENKE S,GRABE J.Numerical investigation of soil plugging inside open-ended piles with respect to the installation method[J].Acta Geotechnica,2008,3(3):215-223.
[13]费康,张建伟.ABAQUS在岩土工程中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.(FEI Kang,ZHANG Jian-wei.ABAQUS application in geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[14]VAN DEN BERG P.Analysis of soil penetration[D].Delft:Delft University Press,1994.
[2]寇海磊,张明义,张吉坤.层状粘性土及砂土地基中静力压桩连续贯入的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2012,29(12):175-181.(KOU Hai-lei,ZHANG Ming-yi,ZHANG Ji-kun.Numerical simulation of the successive penetration of jacked pile in layered cohesive soil and sand[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(12):175-181.(in Chinese))
[3]侯胜男,刘陕南,蔡忠祥,等.预应力管桩单桩水平承载力的试验判定标准探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增1):378-382.(HOU Sheng-nan,LIU Shan-nan,CAI Zhong-xiang,et al.Test standards for lateral capacity of single PHC pile[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(Suppl1):378-382.(in Chinese))
[4]李飒,黄建川,周扬锐,等.大直径钢管桩非连续打桩过程中拒锤原因的分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增2):3648-3656.(LI Sa,HUANG Jian-chuan,ZHOU Yang-rui,et al.A study of premature refusal of large diameter pipe pile caused by pile driving suspending[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Suppl2):3648-3656.(in Chinese))
[5]高文乐,黄博,王晨,等.爆破地震作用下桩-土-结构相互作用的数值模拟[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2012,32(4):463-467.(GAO Wen-le,HUANG Bo,WANG Chen,et al.Numerical simulation of pile-soil-structure interaction under blasting vibration[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2012,32(4):463-467.(in Chinese))
[6]MABSOUT M E,SADEK S M,SMAYRA T E.Pile driving by numerical cavity expansion[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1999,23(11):1121-1140.
[7]MABSOUT M E,TASSOULAS J L.A finite element model for the simulation of pile driving[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1994,37(2):257-278.
[8]NIEMUNIS A,HERLE I.A hypoplastic model for cohesionless soils with elastic strain range[J].Mechanics of Cohesivefrictional Materials,1997,2(4):279-299.
[9]MAHUTKA K P,KNIG F,GRABE J.Numerical modelling of pile jacking,driving and vibratory driving[M]∥Numerical Modelling of Construction Processes in Geotechnical Engineering for Urban Environment.London:Taylor&Francis,2006:235-246.
[10]LIYANAPATHIRANA D S,DEEKS A J,RANDOLPH M F.Numerical analysis of soil plug behaviour inside open-ended piles during driving[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1998,22(4):303-322.
[11]LIYANAPATHIRANA D S,DEEKS A J,RANDOLPH M F.Numerical modelling of large deformations associated with driving of open-ended piles[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2000,24(14):1079-1101.
[12]HENKE S,GRABE J.Numerical investigation of soil plugging inside open-ended piles with respect to the installation method[J].Acta Geotechnica,2008,3(3):215-223.
[13]费康,张建伟.ABAQUS在岩土工程中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.(FEI Kang,ZHANG Jian-wei.ABAQUS application in geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[14]VAN DEN BERG P.Analysis of soil penetration[D].Delft:Delft University Press,1994.
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