二元结构顺层边坡抗滑桩抗震性能研究
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摘要
采用振动台物理模拟试验方法,输入振幅逐渐增大的水平向正弦波加速度,对比分析了抗滑桩加固前后二元顺层边坡的动力响应特征,采用MIDAS/GTS软件对模型试验得出的结果进行数值分析,结果表明:(1)二元结构顺层边坡,破坏时与均质边坡的相似之处为:受高程放大效应和垂直放大效应影响,破坏的初始首先在边坡的中上部产生拉裂缝,放大系数最大值出现的位置往往就是边坡初始破坏的位置。与均质边坡不同的是:最初产生的拉裂缝不一定会发展成为控制裂缝,拉裂缝产生之后并不会在土体内部产生控制性剪切裂缝,进而产生滑裂面,而是会沿二元结构面产生滑动破坏。(2)抗滑桩在水平地震动作用下倾倒破坏的轴心并不一定是在抗滑桩外侧与土体交界面处,本例中位于滑面下1 m处。(3)锚杆与抗滑桩联合支护时锚杆可有效减小抗滑桩的弯矩,提高抗滑桩在静力和动力荷载下抵抗破坏的能力。研究结果对二元顺层边坡的抗震设计与分析有一定参考价值。
Physical simulation experiments were adopted to study the dynamic responses of the model slopes. The horizontal acceleration of sine wave whose amplitude increased gradually with time,was input into the slope model.Then by using MIDAS / GTS software,the results of the model tests were verified,which indicated that the failure pattern of bedding slope with dual structure was similar to the homogenous slope and affected by the elevation and vertical magnification,both the tension fissure and maximum coefficient of magnification occurred in the upper part of the slope. But the tension fissure in the bedding slope with dual structure might not be the controlling cracks and resulted in slide face,otherwise the failure occurred along the interface between soil and rock. The anti-slide pile overturned under horizontal ground motion with the axis below the slide surface at the depth of 1 meter,but not the intersection of outer flank of anti-slide pile and soil. The combined support of anchored bolt and anti-slide pile can effectively reduce the bending moment in anti-slide pile,and increase the resistance of anti-slide pile both understatic and dynamic load. The research results can be a good reference to anti-seismic design of bedding slope with dual structure.
Physical simulation experiments were adopted to study the dynamic responses of the model slopes. The horizontal acceleration of sine wave whose amplitude increased gradually with time,was input into the slope model.Then by using MIDAS / GTS software,the results of the model tests were verified,which indicated that the failure pattern of bedding slope with dual structure was similar to the homogenous slope and affected by the elevation and vertical magnification,both the tension fissure and maximum coefficient of magnification occurred in the upper part of the slope. But the tension fissure in the bedding slope with dual structure might not be the controlling cracks and resulted in slide face,otherwise the failure occurred along the interface between soil and rock. The anti-slide pile overturned under horizontal ground motion with the axis below the slide surface at the depth of 1 meter,but not the intersection of outer flank of anti-slide pile and soil. The combined support of anchored bolt and anti-slide pile can effectively reduce the bending moment in anti-slide pile,and increase the resistance of anti-slide pile both understatic and dynamic load. The research results can be a good reference to anti-seismic design of bedding slope with dual structure.
引文
[1]刘红帅,薄景山,刘德东.岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):164-171.LIU Hongshuai,BO Jingshan,LIU Dedong.Review on study of seismic stability analysis of rock-soil slopes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibrating,2005,25(1):164-171.(in Chinese)
[2]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173-180.ZHENG Yingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Study on the seismic stability analysis of a slope[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibrating,2010,30(2):173-180.(in Chinese)
[3]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553-556.LIU Hanlong,FEI Kang,GAO Yufeng.Time history analysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553-556.(in Chinese)
[4]刘立平,杨实君,李英民.软夹层参数对边坡动力特性的影响分析[J].重庆大学学报,2007,30(5):31-34.LIU Liping,YANG Shijun,LI Yingmin.Influence of soft soillayer on dynamic characteristic of the slope[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science Edition,2007,30(5):31-34.(in Chinese)
[5]李铁洪,刘永才.抗滑桩的破坏形态与有限元设计方法[J].中外公路,2009,29(2):36-40.LI Tiehong,LIU Yongcai.Failure patterns and design method by using finite elements of anti-slide pile[J].Journal of China and Foreign Highway,2009,29(2):36-40.(in Chinese)
[6]马骥.单根抗滑桩受力条件的试验研究,滑坡文集(第五集)[C]∥北京:中国铁道出版社,1986.MA Ji.The experimental study on the stress conditions of single pile[C]∥Collected Works on Landslide(No.5).Beijing:China Railway Press,1986.(in Chinese)
[7]刘昌清.抗滑桩离心模型试验分析[C]∥中国青年学者岩土工程力学及其应用讨论会论文集,北京:科学出版社,1994.LIU Changqing.Analysis on geotechnical centrifugal model test of anti-slide pile[C]∥Proceedings of Geotechnical Mechanics and Application for Chinese Young Scholars.Beijing:Science Press,1994.(in Chinese)
[8]徐良德.滑体为松散介质时桩前滑体抗力的分布[C]//滑坡文集(第六集).北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.XU Liangde.Distribution of sliding mass resistance before anti-slide pile with sliding mass of loose madia[C]∥Collected Works on Landslide(No.6).Beijing:China Railway Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[9]熊治文.深埋式抗滑桩的受力分布规律[J].中国铁道科学,2000,21(1):48-56。XIONG Zhiwen.Force distribution rule of deeply buried anti-slide pile[J].China Railway Science,2000,21(1):48-56.(in Chinese)
[10]言志信,张刘平,曹小红,等.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应规律及变形机制研究[J].岩土工程学报.2011,33(1):54~58.YAN Zhixin,ZHANG Liuping,CAO Xiaohong,et al.Dynamic response and deformation mechanism of a bedding rock slope under earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(1):54~58.(in Chinese)
[11]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,知识产权出版社,2005:9-10.LIU Xiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang.Advancement of technology on shaking table model test and dynamic analysis of CFRD[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press 2005:9-10.(in Chinese)
[12]刘汉香,许强,范宣梅,等.地震动强度对斜坡加速度动力响应规律的影响[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1357-1365.LIU Hanxiang,XU Qiang,FAN Xuanmei,et al.Influence of ground motion intensity on dynamic response laws of slope accelerations[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):1357-1365.(in Chinese)
[13]郝建斌,门玉明,彭建兵,等.层状岩体边坡动力稳定性模型试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(6):72-75.HAO Jianbin,MEN Yuming,PENG Jianbing,et al.Research on dynamic stability of layered rocky slope with model test[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development 2005,22(6):72-75.(in Chinese)
[14]黄国明,黄润秋.某坝址玄武岩岩体强度和变形特性[J].长江科学院院报.1998,15(6):19~22.HUANG Guominq,HUANG Runqiu.Strength and deformation properties of basaltic rock masses[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute 1998,15(6):19-22.(in Chinese)
[15]张卫中,陈从新,余明远.风化砂岩的力学特性及本构关系研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增刊):33-36.ZHANG Weizhong,CHEN Congxin,YU Mingyuan.Study of mechanical properties and constitutive relation of weatheredsandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(supplement,):72-75.(in Chinese)
[16]张坤,胡新丽,李长冬.强震作用下多层土质边坡破坏规律与变形特征[J].煤田地质与勘探.2011,39(1):52~26.ZHANG Kun,HU Xinli,LI Changdong.Failure and deformation characteristic of muiti-layer soil slope under strong earthquake[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2011,39(1):52~26.(in Chinese)
[2]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173-180.ZHENG Yingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Study on the seismic stability analysis of a slope[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibrating,2010,30(2):173-180.(in Chinese)
[3]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553-556.LIU Hanlong,FEI Kang,GAO Yufeng.Time history analysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553-556.(in Chinese)
[4]刘立平,杨实君,李英民.软夹层参数对边坡动力特性的影响分析[J].重庆大学学报,2007,30(5):31-34.LIU Liping,YANG Shijun,LI Yingmin.Influence of soft soillayer on dynamic characteristic of the slope[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science Edition,2007,30(5):31-34.(in Chinese)
[5]李铁洪,刘永才.抗滑桩的破坏形态与有限元设计方法[J].中外公路,2009,29(2):36-40.LI Tiehong,LIU Yongcai.Failure patterns and design method by using finite elements of anti-slide pile[J].Journal of China and Foreign Highway,2009,29(2):36-40.(in Chinese)
[6]马骥.单根抗滑桩受力条件的试验研究,滑坡文集(第五集)[C]∥北京:中国铁道出版社,1986.MA Ji.The experimental study on the stress conditions of single pile[C]∥Collected Works on Landslide(No.5).Beijing:China Railway Press,1986.(in Chinese)
[7]刘昌清.抗滑桩离心模型试验分析[C]∥中国青年学者岩土工程力学及其应用讨论会论文集,北京:科学出版社,1994.LIU Changqing.Analysis on geotechnical centrifugal model test of anti-slide pile[C]∥Proceedings of Geotechnical Mechanics and Application for Chinese Young Scholars.Beijing:Science Press,1994.(in Chinese)
[8]徐良德.滑体为松散介质时桩前滑体抗力的分布[C]//滑坡文集(第六集).北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.XU Liangde.Distribution of sliding mass resistance before anti-slide pile with sliding mass of loose madia[C]∥Collected Works on Landslide(No.6).Beijing:China Railway Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[9]熊治文.深埋式抗滑桩的受力分布规律[J].中国铁道科学,2000,21(1):48-56。XIONG Zhiwen.Force distribution rule of deeply buried anti-slide pile[J].China Railway Science,2000,21(1):48-56.(in Chinese)
[10]言志信,张刘平,曹小红,等.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应规律及变形机制研究[J].岩土工程学报.2011,33(1):54~58.YAN Zhixin,ZHANG Liuping,CAO Xiaohong,et al.Dynamic response and deformation mechanism of a bedding rock slope under earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(1):54~58.(in Chinese)
[11]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,知识产权出版社,2005:9-10.LIU Xiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang.Advancement of technology on shaking table model test and dynamic analysis of CFRD[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press 2005:9-10.(in Chinese)
[12]刘汉香,许强,范宣梅,等.地震动强度对斜坡加速度动力响应规律的影响[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1357-1365.LIU Hanxiang,XU Qiang,FAN Xuanmei,et al.Influence of ground motion intensity on dynamic response laws of slope accelerations[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):1357-1365.(in Chinese)
[13]郝建斌,门玉明,彭建兵,等.层状岩体边坡动力稳定性模型试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(6):72-75.HAO Jianbin,MEN Yuming,PENG Jianbing,et al.Research on dynamic stability of layered rocky slope with model test[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development 2005,22(6):72-75.(in Chinese)
[14]黄国明,黄润秋.某坝址玄武岩岩体强度和变形特性[J].长江科学院院报.1998,15(6):19~22.HUANG Guominq,HUANG Runqiu.Strength and deformation properties of basaltic rock masses[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute 1998,15(6):19-22.(in Chinese)
[15]张卫中,陈从新,余明远.风化砂岩的力学特性及本构关系研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增刊):33-36.ZHANG Weizhong,CHEN Congxin,YU Mingyuan.Study of mechanical properties and constitutive relation of weatheredsandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(supplement,):72-75.(in Chinese)
[16]张坤,胡新丽,李长冬.强震作用下多层土质边坡破坏规律与变形特征[J].煤田地质与勘探.2011,39(1):52~26.ZHANG Kun,HU Xinli,LI Changdong.Failure and deformation characteristic of muiti-layer soil slope under strong earthquake[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2011,39(1):52~26.(in Chinese)
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