爆破对邻近巷道背爆侧倾斜裂纹影响实验研究
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摘要
基于常被忽略的爆炸荷载对邻近巷道背爆侧围岩缺陷的扰动问题,采用爆炸加载数字激光动态焦散线试验系统,探究了爆炸荷载作用下邻近巷道背爆侧不同倾角裂纹缺陷的扩展规律。试验结果表明:爆炸荷载作用下,直墙拱形巷道背爆侧倾角θ=30o(逆时针方向为正)的预制裂纹最终扩展位移最大,之后随着倾角增大或者减小,裂纹扩展位移均逐渐减小;弧形断面对应力波的削弱作用小于矩形断面,这导致斜向上预制裂纹扩展位移为关于水平方向对称的斜向下裂纹的2~3倍;能量释放率对裂纹的扩展具有驱动效应,且其随时间基本呈现先振荡增加达到峰值,然后振荡减小为零的规律,但这种振荡幅度随裂纹最终扩展位移的减小而变小。上述的研究为邻近巷道背爆侧经济安全合理的支护提供了理论依据。
Based on the often neglected problem of disturbance of explosive load to the defects of surrounding rock in adjacent tunnel back-blasting side, using explosion load digital laser dynamic caustics experimental system,the slant crack propagation regularities of neighboring roadway side are explored under explosion dynamic load. The experimental results show that crack extension final displacement is the largest, when the angle of prefabricated crack is in the side of back blasting of the straight wall and arch tunnel is 30° under the blasting load, then with the increasing or decreasing of crack angle, the ultimate displacements of crack extension all tend to decrease gradually; attenuated effect for stress wave of arc is less than the rectangle. Consequently, oblique upward crack extension displacement is 2-3 times of oblique down crack which is symmetry with horizontal subjected to blasting loading. In addition, energy release rate has driving effect on the propagation of the crack, and the energy release rate reaches the maximum in a moment and then gradually decreases to zero. But this change range becomes small with the crack extension displacement decreasing. The research provides theory basis for the economic and reasonable supporting of adjacent tunnel back-blasting side.
Based on the often neglected problem of disturbance of explosive load to the defects of surrounding rock in adjacent tunnel back-blasting side, using explosion load digital laser dynamic caustics experimental system,the slant crack propagation regularities of neighboring roadway side are explored under explosion dynamic load. The experimental results show that crack extension final displacement is the largest, when the angle of prefabricated crack is in the side of back blasting of the straight wall and arch tunnel is 30° under the blasting load, then with the increasing or decreasing of crack angle, the ultimate displacements of crack extension all tend to decrease gradually; attenuated effect for stress wave of arc is less than the rectangle. Consequently, oblique upward crack extension displacement is 2-3 times of oblique down crack which is symmetry with horizontal subjected to blasting loading. In addition, energy release rate has driving effect on the propagation of the crack, and the energy release rate reaches the maximum in a moment and then gradually decreases to zero. But this change range becomes small with the crack extension displacement decreasing. The research provides theory basis for the economic and reasonable supporting of adjacent tunnel back-blasting side.
引文
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[14]杨立云,杨仁树,许鹏.新型数字激光动态焦散线实验系统及其应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):188-194.YANG Liyun,YANG Renshu,XU Peng.Caustics method combined with laser and digital high-speed camera and its applications[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):188-194.
[15]黄洪泽.论绕射波机制[J].地球物理学报,1977,20(1):81-88.HUANG Hongze.The theory of diffraction wave mechanism[J].Journal of Geophysics,1977,20(1):81-88.
[2]吴亮,钟冬望.不同布置条件下邻近隧道掘进爆破对既有隧道的影响[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(10):1339-1343.WU Liang,ZHONG Dongwang.Effect of tunneling blasting on the existing adjacent tunnel under different conditions[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(10):1339-1343.
[3]钟冬望,吴亮,余刚.邻近隧道掘进爆破对既有隧道的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(5):456-462.ZHONG Dongwang,WU Liang,YU Gang.Effect of tunneling blasting on the existing adjacent tunnel[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2010,30(5):456-462.
[4]李宁,顾强康,张承客.相邻洞室爆破施工对已有洞室的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):31-38.LI Ning,GU Qiangkang,ZHANG Chengke.Influence of blasting on excavation of a new tunnel adjacent to existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):31-38.
[5]李宁,张承客,周钟.边坡爆破开挖对邻近已有洞室影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):3471-3477.LI Ning,ZHANG Chengke,ZHOU Zhong.Influence research of slope blasting excavation on adjacent existed tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):3471-3477.
[6]彭道富,李忠献,杨年华.近距离爆破对既有隧道的振动影响[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(4):73-76.PENG Daofu,LI Zhongxian,YANG Nianhua.Vibration effect at existing tunnel induced by close-in blasting[J].China Railway Science,2003,26(4):73-76.
[7]贺永年,韩立军,邵鹏,等.深部巷道稳定性的若干岩石力学问题[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(3):288-295.HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,SHAO Peng,et al.Some problems of rock mechanics for roadways stability in depth[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(3):288-295.
[8]盖秉政.论弹性波绕射与动应力集中问题[J].力学进展,1987,17(4):447-465.GE Bingzheng.The discuss of elastic wave diffraction and dynamic stress concentration problem[J].Journal of Mechanics,1987,17(4):447-465.
[9]刘殿魁,盖秉政,陶贵源.论孔附近的动应力集中[J].地震工程与工程振动,1980,1(1):97-109.LIU Diankui,GE Bingzheng,TAO Guiyuan.The dynamic stress concentrations theory near the hole[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1980,1(1):97-109.
[10]杨仁树,王雁冰,杨立云,等.双孔切槽爆破裂纹扩展的动焦散试验[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(6):868-872.YANG Renshu,WANG Yanbing,YANG Liyun,et al.Dynamic caustics experimental study on crack propagation in two borehole cut blasting[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(6):868-872.
[11]李清,杨仁树.节理介质中爆炸裂纹扩展的细观行为研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(3):271-274.LI Qing,YANG Renshu.Microscopic behavior research of blast crack extension in the joint medium[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(3):271-274.
[12]姚学锋,方竞,熊春阳.爆炸应力波作用下裂纹与孔洞的动态焦散线分析[J].爆炸与冲击,1998,18(3):232-236.YAO Xuefeng,FANG Jing,XIONG Chunyang.Dynamic caustics analysis of cracks and holes subjected to explosion stress wave[J].Explosion and Impact,1998,18(3):232-236.
[13]FREUND L B.Dynamic fracture mechanics[M].Edinburgh:Cambridge University Press,1990:1-18.
[14]杨立云,杨仁树,许鹏.新型数字激光动态焦散线实验系统及其应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):188-194.YANG Liyun,YANG Renshu,XU Peng.Caustics method combined with laser and digital high-speed camera and its applications[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):188-194.
[15]黄洪泽.论绕射波机制[J].地球物理学报,1977,20(1):81-88.HUANG Hongze.The theory of diffraction wave mechanism[J].Journal of Geophysics,1977,20(1):81-88.
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