输油悬空管道洪水冲刷作用下的安全评价
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摘要
洪水冲刷是影响输油悬空管道稳定性的重要灾害之一。对洪水冲刷输油悬空管道进行受力分析可知,漂浮管道易产生拉弯变形。为此,建立了水冲管道力学分析模型,应用基于应变准则的失效判据关系式来判断管道的安全状态,并用有限元软件ABAQUS对X60输油管道在一定洪水流速和一定悬空长度2种工况下的安全状态进行模拟与分析。分析结果表明,最大应力、应变及挠度与悬空长度成正相关关系;一定悬空长度下,最大应力、应变及挠度与洪水流速成正相关关系,且当流速大于3 m/s时,管道的振动频率升高,加大管道失效可能性。水冲悬空管道的危险点位于埋设段与悬空段交汇处的水流入侧。
Flood scouring is a key factor that may present severe threat to stability of suspended pipelines. Results of force analyses for suspended pipelines under flood scouring show that floating pipelines are susceptible to bending deformation. Mechanical analysis model for pipelines with flood scour is established. In addition,strain criteria are used to determine safety conditions of the pipeline. A finite element software,ABAQUS,is used for simulating and analyzing safety conditions of X60 oil pipelines at certain flood velocity and certain suspended length. Test results show that maximum stress,strain and deflection have positive correlation with the suspended length. Moreover,under specific suspended length,maximum stress,strain and deflection have positive correlation with flood velocity. With flow velocities higher than 3 m / s,pipelines may have vibration frequencies increased together with possibilities of failure. The point with highest danger of suspended pipeline under flood scouring locates at the jointing section between buried interval and the suspended interval on the side with water inflow.
Flood scouring is a key factor that may present severe threat to stability of suspended pipelines. Results of force analyses for suspended pipelines under flood scouring show that floating pipelines are susceptible to bending deformation. Mechanical analysis model for pipelines with flood scour is established. In addition,strain criteria are used to determine safety conditions of the pipeline. A finite element software,ABAQUS,is used for simulating and analyzing safety conditions of X60 oil pipelines at certain flood velocity and certain suspended length. Test results show that maximum stress,strain and deflection have positive correlation with the suspended length. Moreover,under specific suspended length,maximum stress,strain and deflection have positive correlation with flood velocity. With flow velocities higher than 3 m / s,pipelines may have vibration frequencies increased together with possibilities of failure. The point with highest danger of suspended pipeline under flood scouring locates at the jointing section between buried interval and the suspended interval on the side with water inflow.
引文
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[18]ABAQUS Inc.Abaqus analysis user’s manual Volume IV:Element[K].ABAQUS Inc,2004.
[2]Gennaro G M.Pipelines exposed to coal mine subsidence face risk of serious damage[J].Pipeline and Gas Journal,2000,227(11):37-40.
[3]Liu P F,Zheng J Y,Zhang B J,et al.Failure analysis of natural gas buried X65 steel pipeline under deflection load using finite element method[J].Materials and Design,2010,31(3):1384-1391.
[4]张乐天,刘杨,魏立新,等.洪水冲击管道的模拟分析[J].管道技术与设备,2006(2):11-12,17.
[5]Abdoun T H,Ha D,O’kourke M J,et al.Factors influencing the behavior of buried pipelines subjected to earthquake faulting[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,29(3):415-427.
[6]Scheiner S,Pichler B,Hellmich C,et al.Loading of soil-covered oil and gas pipelines due to adverse soil settlements-protection against thermal dilatation-induced wear,involving geosynthetics[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2006,33(8):371-380.
[7]王晓霖,帅健.洪水中漂浮管道的应力分析[J].工程力学,2011,28(2):212-216.
[8]帅健,于桂杰.管道及储罐强度设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:92.
[9]梁志勇,匡尚富,王兆印,等.高含沙洪水中冲刷规律的探讨[J].泥沙研究,1999(6):68-73.
[10]王峰会,赵新伟,王沪毅.高压管道黄土塌陷情况下的力学分析与计算[J].油气储运,2004,23(4):6-8.
[11]Tian Yinghui,Cassidy M J,Gaudin C.Advancing pipe-soil interaction models in calcareous sand[J].Applied Ocean Research,2010,32(3):284-297.
[12]Han Bing,Wang Zhiyin,Zhao Honglin,et al.Strainbased design for buried pipelines subjected to landslides[J].Petroleum Science,2012,9(2):236-241.
[13]Hyde T H,Luo R,Becker A A.Analysis of stresses in pipes indented by long external indentations and subsequent stress variations due to pressure fluctuations[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2009,86(7):428-434.
[14]Shantanu J,Amit P,Arghya D,et al.Analysis of buried pipelines subjected to reverse fault motion[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2011,31(7):930-940.
[15]帅健.管线力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:5-7.
[16]赵林,冯启民.埋地管线有限元建模方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):53-57.
[17]郑小涛,轩福贞.压力容器与管道安定性分析与评估方法进展[J].压力容器,2010,27(10):36-45.
[18]ABAQUS Inc.Abaqus analysis user’s manual Volume IV:Element[K].ABAQUS Inc,2004.
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