抬梁式木构古建榫卯节点受弯破坏数值分析
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摘要
榫卯节点是木构古建梁柱连接的典型形式,节点的受力性能对木构架整体稳定性有着重要影响。为保护古建筑,采用数值模拟方法,以抬梁式木构古建的两种典型榫卯节点形式—直榫和燕尾榫为例,研究了弯矩作用下榫卯节点的破坏形式及破坏特征。基于两种榫卯节点的典型构造特征,建立了受弯荷载作用下的有限元模型。通过在梁侧面施加逐步增大的位移荷载(共10mm)来研究两种节点的拉、压、剪应力分布特征及节点的弯矩-转角关系,获得了节点在不同加载值的相应内力峰值及转角刚度变化情况。结果表明:在弯矩荷载作用下,直榫的榫头容易产生拉、压、剪破坏,而卯口相对不易产生破坏;而燕尾榫榫头与卯口都容易产生拉、压剪破坏,且破坏程度比直榫严重;另一方面,燕尾榫节点的转动刚度要大于直榫,因而不易产生转动,一旦发生转动,其破坏的可能性要大于直榫节点。
Tenon-mortise joint is a typical connection means between beam and column of Chinese ancient timber buildings. Bearing performances of tenon-mortise joints have an effect on the stability of the whole timber structure. In order to protect Chinese ancient buildings,numerical simulation is taken to study damage types of tenon-mortise joints of Chinese ancient wooden buildings under bending loads. Two typical tenon-mortise joints of post and lintel structure are selected for simulation: Straight joint and Yan-wei( dovetail) joint. Finite element models of two tenon-mortise joints are built by ANSYS program. By applying displacement load on side face of beam( 10 mm upward) step by step status of tensile stress,compression stress,shearing stress and moment-rotation angle relationship of the two joints are studied. Peak values of stresses above at each step of both joints are obtained. The results show that for Straight joint under bending loads damage types of its tenon include tensile strength failure,compression strength failure and shearing strength failure; however its mortise will not be damaged; for a Yan-wei joint both the tenon and mortise will be damaged for tensile strength failure,compression strength failure and shearing strength failure; on the other hand,rotation stiffness of Yan-wei joint is larger than that of Straight joint,which means the Yan-wei joint is hard to be rotated,and once it is rotated,it is more likely to be damaged.
Tenon-mortise joint is a typical connection means between beam and column of Chinese ancient timber buildings. Bearing performances of tenon-mortise joints have an effect on the stability of the whole timber structure. In order to protect Chinese ancient buildings,numerical simulation is taken to study damage types of tenon-mortise joints of Chinese ancient wooden buildings under bending loads. Two typical tenon-mortise joints of post and lintel structure are selected for simulation: Straight joint and Yan-wei( dovetail) joint. Finite element models of two tenon-mortise joints are built by ANSYS program. By applying displacement load on side face of beam( 10 mm upward) step by step status of tensile stress,compression stress,shearing stress and moment-rotation angle relationship of the two joints are studied. Peak values of stresses above at each step of both joints are obtained. The results show that for Straight joint under bending loads damage types of its tenon include tensile strength failure,compression strength failure and shearing strength failure; however its mortise will not be damaged; for a Yan-wei joint both the tenon and mortise will be damaged for tensile strength failure,compression strength failure and shearing strength failure; on the other hand,rotation stiffness of Yan-wei joint is larger than that of Straight joint,which means the Yan-wei joint is hard to be rotated,and once it is rotated,it is more likely to be damaged.
引文
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[6]周乾,闫维明,纪金豹.3种材料加固古建筑木构架榫卯节点的抗震性能[J].建筑材料学报,2013,16(4):649~656Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-ming,Ji Jin-bao.Aseismic Behaviors of Tenon-mortise Joints in Wood Frame in Chinese Ancient Building Strengthened by Three Materials[J].Journal of Building Materials,2013,16(4):649~656(in Chinese)
[7]Chun Q,Yue Z,Pan J W.Experimental Study on Seismic Characters of Typical Mortise-tenon Joints of Chinese Southern Traditional Timber Frame Buildings[J].Sci China Tech Sci 2011,54:2404~2411
[8]Pang S J,Oh J K,Park J S,et al.Moment-carrying Capacity of Dovetailed Mortise and Tenon Joints with or Without Beam Shoulder[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2011,137(7):785~789
[9]William M B,Sandberg L B,Drewek M W,et al.Behavior and Modeling of Wood-pegged Timber Frames[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1999,125(1):3~9
[10]Sandberg L B,William M B,Elizabeth H R.Strength and Stiffness of Oak Pegs in Traditional Timber-frame Joints[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(6):717~723
[11]Miller J F,Schmidt R J,William M B.New Yield Model for Wood Dowel Connections[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2010,136(10):1255~1261
[12]龙卫国,杨学兵,王永维,等.木结构设计手册(第3版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005Long Wei-Guo,Yang Xue-bing,Wang Yong-wei,et al.Manual of Timber Structure Design(3rdEdition)[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005
[2]马炳坚.中国古建筑木作营造技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1992Ma Bing-jian.Building Techniques on Chinese Ancient Wood Structure[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992(in Chinese)
[3]隋,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.古建筑木结构直榫和燕尾榫节点试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(2):88~92Sui Yan,Zhao Hong-tie,Xue Jian-yang,et al.Experimental Study on Characteristics of Mortise-tenon Joints in Historic Timber Buildings[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(2):88~92(in Chinese)
[4]薛建阳,张风亮,赵鸿铁,等.单层殿堂式古建筑木结构动力分析模型[J].建筑结构学报,2012,33(8):135~142Xue Jian-yang,Zhang Feng-liang,Zhao Hong-tie,et al.Dynamic Analysis Model of Monolayer Hall-style Ancient Timber Structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2012,33(8):135~142(in Chinese)
[5]周乾,闫维明,李振宝,等.古建筑榫卯节点加固方法振动台试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2011,43(6):70~78Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-ming,Li Zhen-bao,et al.Aseismic Strengthening Methods on Chinese Ancient Tenon-mortise Joint by Shaking Table Tests[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2011,43(6):70~78(in Chinese)
[6]周乾,闫维明,纪金豹.3种材料加固古建筑木构架榫卯节点的抗震性能[J].建筑材料学报,2013,16(4):649~656Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-ming,Ji Jin-bao.Aseismic Behaviors of Tenon-mortise Joints in Wood Frame in Chinese Ancient Building Strengthened by Three Materials[J].Journal of Building Materials,2013,16(4):649~656(in Chinese)
[7]Chun Q,Yue Z,Pan J W.Experimental Study on Seismic Characters of Typical Mortise-tenon Joints of Chinese Southern Traditional Timber Frame Buildings[J].Sci China Tech Sci 2011,54:2404~2411
[8]Pang S J,Oh J K,Park J S,et al.Moment-carrying Capacity of Dovetailed Mortise and Tenon Joints with or Without Beam Shoulder[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2011,137(7):785~789
[9]William M B,Sandberg L B,Drewek M W,et al.Behavior and Modeling of Wood-pegged Timber Frames[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1999,125(1):3~9
[10]Sandberg L B,William M B,Elizabeth H R.Strength and Stiffness of Oak Pegs in Traditional Timber-frame Joints[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(6):717~723
[11]Miller J F,Schmidt R J,William M B.New Yield Model for Wood Dowel Connections[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2010,136(10):1255~1261
[12]龙卫国,杨学兵,王永维,等.木结构设计手册(第3版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005Long Wei-Guo,Yang Xue-bing,Wang Yong-wei,et al.Manual of Timber Structure Design(3rdEdition)[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005
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