电离层在地震短临预报中的应用
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摘要
总结了能够引起电离层扰动的各种因素,包括太阳活动、地磁活动、大气波动、剧烈天气以及其它方面(例如地震、火山以及人类活动等);提出了地震电离层前兆研究的一般步骤流程:地震事例筛选—电离层观测参量筛选—异常识别与提取—地震电离层前兆确认;介绍了目前地震影响电离层的三种可能途径:化学、机械波和电磁途径;总结了地震电离层前兆地基和天基监测手段;最后提出了地震电离层前兆研究的几个重点需要解决的问题。
The factors associated with the inonspheric disturbance are summarized,including solar activity,geomagnetic activity,atmospheric waves,severe weather and others (earthquake,volcano and human activity etc).The common step flows researching the ionospheric phenomena before strong earthquakes are expounded:filtrate the earthquake examples—choose the parameters of the ionosphere—identify and distill the singular information—validate the ionospheric response of the pre-earthquake.The possible three mechanisms are introduced:chemistry,mechanism wave and electromagnetism.The detecting means of ground-based and space-based are presented.Finally,several issues on the seismo-ionospheric precursor are advanced.
The factors associated with the inonspheric disturbance are summarized,including solar activity,geomagnetic activity,atmospheric waves,severe weather and others (earthquake,volcano and human activity etc).The common step flows researching the ionospheric phenomena before strong earthquakes are expounded:filtrate the earthquake examples—choose the parameters of the ionosphere—identify and distill the singular information—validate the ionospheric response of the pre-earthquake.The possible three mechanisms are introduced:chemistry,mechanism wave and electromagnetism.The detecting means of ground-based and space-based are presented.Finally,several issues on the seismo-ionospheric precursor are advanced.
引文
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2Pulinets S A,Legen ka AD,Gaivoronskay TV,et al.Main phenom-enological features of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes.Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-terrestrial Physics,2003;65:16—18;1337—1347
3Liu J Y,Chen YI,Pulinets S A,et al.Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to M>6.0Taiwan earthquakes.Geophysical Research Letters,2000;27(19):3113—3116
4Silina A S,Liperovskaya E V,Liperovsky V A,et al.Ionospheric phenomena before strong earthquakes.Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2001;(1):113—118
5杜品仁,蒋和荣,郭兼善.电离层异常能否作为地震前兆研究.地震,1998;18(2):119—126
6Fatkullin M N,Zelenova N I,Legenka A D.On the ionospheric effects of earthquakes.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1989;57:82—85
7Leonard R S,Barnes R A.Observation of ionospheric disturbances following the Alaska earthquake.Journal of Geophysical Research,1965;70(5):1250—1253
8Weaver P F,Yuen P C,Prolss G W,et al.Acoustic coupling in the ionosphere from seismic waves of the earthquake at Kurile Islands on August11.Nature,1969;226:1239—1241
9Parrot M.Correlation between GOES VLF emissions and earth-quakes.Annales Geophysicae,1985;3(6):737—748
10Parrot M,Mogilevsky M M.VLF emission associated with earth-quakes and observed in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1989;57:86—89
11Parrot M.The micro-satellite Demeter:data registration and data processing.In:Seismo Electromagnetics Lithosphere-Atmosphere-I-onosphere Coupling.Tokya:Terra Science,Publishing Company,2002
12Parrot M,Berthelier J J,Lebreton J P,et al.Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by Demeter satellite over seismic re-gions.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006;31:486—495
13丁鉴海,黄雪香,邢如英,等.地磁“低点位移”现象及其与地震的关系.地震学报,1988;10(4):552—561
14丁鉴海,卢振业,黄雪香.地震电磁学.北京:地震出版社,1994
15丁鉴海,余素荣,肖武军.地震前兆与短临预报探索.地震,2003;25(3):43—50
16丁鉴海,索玉成,于素荣,等.昆仑山口西8.1级地震前电离层与磁场短期异常对比研究.地震,2004;24(1):104—111
17Ding Jianhai,Liu Jie,Yu Surong,et al.Geomagnetic diurnal-varia-tion anomalies and their relation to strong earthquakes.Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,2004;17(Su):85—93
18丁鉴海,索玉成,余素荣.地磁场与电离层异常现象及其与地震的关系.空间科学学报,2005;25(6):536—542
19丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎,等.地震电磁前兆研究进展.电波科学学报,2006;21(5):791—801
20Kim V P,Khegai V V,Illich-Svitych P V.On one possible iono-spheric precursor of earthquakes.Phys Solid Earth,1994;30:223—226
21Gokhberg B M,Morgounov A V,Pokhotelov A O.Earthquake pre-diction seismo electromagnetic phenomena.Amazon:Gordon and Breach Publishers,1995
22Kim V P,Hegai V V.A Possible presage of strong earthquakes in the night-time mid-latitude region ionosphere,atmospheric and ion-ospheric electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquake.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company,1999
23Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chuo Y J,et al.Variations of ionospheric total electron content during the Chi-Chi earthquake.Geophys Res Lett,2001;28(7):1383—1386
24Pulinets S,Boyarchuk K.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes.New York:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2004
25Keilis-Borok S P,Gabrielov A,Zaliapin I,et al.Short-term earth-quake prediction by reverse analysis of lithosphere.Tectonophys-ics,2006;413(2):63—75
26Hao Y Q,Xiao Z,Zhang D H.Responses of the ionosphere to the Great Sumatra earthquake and volcanic eruption of pinatubo.Chin Phys Lett,2006;23(7):1955—1957
27赵必强,万卫星,王敏,等.震前电离层扰动研究进展及汶川地震前电离层变化.科技导报,2008;26(11):30—34
28滕云田,王喜珍,王晓美,等.地震电磁卫星的发展与思考.空间科学学报,2009;29(1):87—92
29郭亚红.地震前的电磁效应.地震地质,2006;28(3):481—486
30焦维新.空间天气学.北京:气象出版社,2003
31焦维新.空间探测.北京:北京大学出版社,2005
32王劲松,焦维新.空间天气灾害.北京:气象出版社,2009
33张东和,李强,覃健生,等.日照边缘区域电离层对耀斑的响应特点研究.空间科学学报,2006;26(5):321—325
34熊年禄,唐存琛,李行建.电离层物理概论.武汉:武汉大学出版社,1999
35Bauer S J.An apparent ionospheric response to the passage of hurri-canes.J Geophys Res,1958;63:265—269
36Huang Y N,Cheng K,Chen S W.On the detection of acoustic-gravity waves generated by typhoon by use of real time HF Doppler frequency shift sounding system.Radio Science,1985;20(4):897—906
37沈长寿.台风与电离层foF2相关性的探讨.空间科学学报,1982;2(4):335—340
38肖赛冠,张东和,肖佐.台风激发的声重力波的可探测性研究.空间科学学报,2007;27(1):35—40
39刘依谋,王劲松,肖佐,等.台风影响电离层F2区的一种可能机制.空间科学学报,2006;26(2):92—97
40Dautermann T,Calais E,Lognonne P,et al.Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling after the2003explosive eruption of the Sou-frieve hill volcano,montserrat.Geophysical Journal International,2009;179(3):1573—1546
41Afraimovich E L,Kosogorov E A,Perevalova N P,et al.The pa-rameters of shock acoustic waves generated during rocket launches.J Atm Solar-Terr Phys,2001;63:1941—1957
42Chuo Y J,Chen Y I,Liu J Y,et al.Ionospheric foF2variations prior to strong earthquakes in Taiwan area.Advances in Space Re-search,2001;27:1305—1310
43Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.Pre-earthquake ionospheric a-nomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements.Annales Geophysicae,2004;22:1585—1593
44祝芙英,吴云,林剑,等.震前电离层TEC异常探测方法研究.大地测量与地球动力学,2009;29(3):50—54
45蔡军涛,陈小斌,赵国泽,等.地震前兆:电离层F2层异常.地球物理学报,2007;22(3):720—728
46Liperovsky V A,Meister C V,Doda L N,et al.On the possible in-fluence of radon and aerosol injection on the atmosphere and iono-sphere before earthquakes.Natural Hazard and Earth System Sci-ences,2005:1—7
47Pulinete S A.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes,recent advances in theory and practical applications.TAO,2004;15(3):413—435
48Hayakawa M,Molchanov O A.Summary report of NASDA s earth-quake remote sensing frontier project.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2004;29(4-9):617—625
49Shvets A V,Hayakawa M,Maekawa S.Results of subionospheric radio LF monitoring prior to the Tokachi(M=8,Hokkaido,25September2003)earthquake.Natural Hazard and Earth System Sciences,2004;4(5-6):647—653
50萧佐.50年来的中国电离层物理研究.物理,1999;28(4):661—667
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