高风险等级堰塞湖应急处置洪水重现期标准
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
高风险等级堰塞湖一旦失事,危害极大,合理的应急处置措施可避免堰塞湖对下游造成巨大的损失。"堰塞湖风险等级划分标准(SL450-2009)"规定,应急处置工作应建立在相应风险等级的一定重现期的洪水标准基础上。对于风险I级的堰塞湖,标准规定了"≥5年"的洪水重现期标准。鉴于这一等级包括了"极高危险"和"高危险、中危险"两个亚类,进一步为这两个亚类分别提出各自的洪水标准,有一定的现实意义。本文以属于"极高危险"的唐家山堰塞湖和红石岩堰塞湖实际采用的应急处置方案为例,反演各自开挖深13 m和8 m的引流槽相应的入库洪水,据此建议应急处置期对风险Ⅰ级的"极高危险"这一亚类的堰塞湖洪水重现期取20年为宜。此研究成果可供规范修改和处理类似堰塞湖参考。
Failure of a barrier lake with a classified high risk will cause disastrous damage. Emergencymeasures are always necessary in order to mitigate the disasters. The code "Standard for classification ofrisk grade of landslide lake(SL 450-2009)" specifies that the emergency measures should be determinedbased on a flood with a certain level of return period,which is "≥5 years" for a grade I barrier lake.However this risk grade consists of two subgrades referred to as:"very high" and "high or moderatelyhigh". It is practically pertinent to assign details for this flood control system. This paper attempts to makeback analyses of the return period of two barrier lakes with the risk grade of "very high", which areTangjiashan and Hongshiyan that adopted diversion channels with excavated depths of 13 m and 8 m re-spectively. It has been found that a return period of 20 years can best explain these field experiences. Thisfinding may be consulted in code revision and other emergency mitigation works for barrier lakes.
引文
[1]柴贺军,刘汉超,张倬元.一九三三年叠溪地震滑坡堵江事件及其环境效应[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1995,6(1):7-17.
    [2]聂高众,高建国,邓砚.地震诱发的堰塞湖初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(3):293-301.
    [3]水利部长江水利委员会.唐家山堰塞湖应急除险工程技术总结[R].2008.
    [4]中国电建集团昆明勘测设计有限公司.云南省鲁甸“8·03”地震牛栏江红石岩堰塞湖应急排险处置报告[R].2014.
    [5]王兆印,崔鹏,刘怀湘.汶川地震引发的山地灾害以及堰塞湖的管理方略[J].水利学报,2010,41(7):757-763.
    [6]SL450-2009堰塞湖风险等级划分标准[S].2009.
    [7]刘宁.堰塞湖应急处置实践与认识[J].水科学进展,2010,21(4):35-43.
    [8]Chen Z,Ma L,Yu S,et al.Back Analysis of the Draining Process of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,141(4).
    [9]杨阳,曹叔尤.堰塞坝溃决机理试验研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(S2):60-67.
    [10]Singh V P,Scarlatos P D.Analysis of gradual earth-dam failure[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1988,114(1):21-42.
    [11]Coleman S E,Jack R C,Melville B W.Overtopping breaching of noncohesive embankment dams[C]//Proceedings of the 27th Congress of the Int.Association for Hydraulic Research,San Francisco,1997:42-47.
    [12]吴持恭.水力学(上册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
    [13]Wu W M.Simplified physically based model of earthen embankment breaching[J].J.Hydraul.Eng.,2013:139 (8 ),837 -851.
    [14]陈生水,钟启明,任强.土石坝漫顶破坏溃口发展数值模型研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2009:12 -4.
    [15]Macchione F.Model for predicting floods due to earthen dam breaching.I:Formulation and evaluation[J].J.Hydraul.Eng.,2008,134 (12 ):1688-1696.
    [16]Gaucher J,Marche C,Mahdi T F.Experimental investigation of the hydraulic erosion of noncohesive compacted soils[J].J.Hydraul.Eng.,2010,136 (11 ):901 -913.
    [17]Guo Q C,Jin Y C.Modeling sediment transport using depth-averaged and moment equations[J].J.Hydraul.Eng.,1999,125 (12 ):1262-1269.
    [18]刘宁.唐家山堰塞湖应急处置与减灾管理工程[J].中国工程科学,2009,10 (12 ):67 -72.
    [19]刘宁,张建新,林伟,陈祖煜.汶川地震唐家山堰塞引流除险工程及溃坝洪水演进过程[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,2009,39 (8 ):1359-1366.
    [20]刘宁.红石岩堰塞湖排险处置与统合管理[J].中国工程科学,2014,15 (10 ):39 -46.
    [21]夏仲平,赵坤六,刘加龙,等.云南昭通鲁旬县“2014.8.3”地震牛栏江红石岩堰塞湖风险分析及应急处置[J].中国防汛抗旱,2014(5 ):29-32.

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心