苏里格地区低渗透砂岩气藏多波地震勘探技术及应用
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摘要
苏里格气田是世界罕见的低渗、低压、低丰度气田,属于非均质性极强的致密岩性气藏,是中国低渗透油气勘探开发的代表。苏里格地区含气砂岩与泥岩的声阻抗差异小,并且受地震分辨率的影响,常规的叠后方法难以精细描述有效储层的空间展布规律。针对苏里格气田低渗透砂岩油气藏勘探开发过程中面临的诸多难点,系统建立了岩石物理分析、多波地震资料处理、反演、解释、地质分析的技术流程和关键措施,包括井控地震资料处理、纵横波地震资料精细匹配、纵横波联合叠前同时反演及相应的配套技术。与单一纵波相比,多波地震勘探通过引入转换波地震数据作为约束,提高了反演的稳定性和结果的信噪比,改善了储层预测的精度。通过在苏里格地区的实际运用,证明了该技术系列的有效性和可行性,并为多波应用及今后类似油气田的勘探开发积累了宝贵经验。
Sulige gas field, a very rare low permeability, low pressure, and low abundance gas field, is composed of highly heterogeneous tight gas reservoirs. It is an exploration and development model of low permeability reservoirs in China. Because of the small acoustic impedance difference between mudstones and gas-bearing sandstones, and the influence of seismic resolution, the distribution of effective reservoirs in Sulige area cannot be clearly characterized using conventional post-stack inversion method. Targeting at the problems encountered in the exploration and development of low permeability sandstone reservoirs in Sulige gas field, a technical process and procedure relating to rock physics, multi-component seismic data processing, inversion, interpretation, and geological analysis is set up systematically, which contains well-controlled seismic data processing, fine event match of PP and PS, simultaneous inversion of PP and PS, and some other corresponding techniques. Different from single P-wave, multi-component exploration uses the introduction of converted wave seismic data as a constraint condition, to improve the stability of inversion, and signal to noise ratio of its results, thus improving accuracy of reservoir prediction. Its application in Sulige area has proved the effectiveness and feasibility of the techniques, and accumulated valuable experiences for exploration and development of similar oil/gas fields in future.
Sulige gas field, a very rare low permeability, low pressure, and low abundance gas field, is composed of highly heterogeneous tight gas reservoirs. It is an exploration and development model of low permeability reservoirs in China. Because of the small acoustic impedance difference between mudstones and gas-bearing sandstones, and the influence of seismic resolution, the distribution of effective reservoirs in Sulige area cannot be clearly characterized using conventional post-stack inversion method. Targeting at the problems encountered in the exploration and development of low permeability sandstone reservoirs in Sulige gas field, a technical process and procedure relating to rock physics, multi-component seismic data processing, inversion, interpretation, and geological analysis is set up systematically, which contains well-controlled seismic data processing, fine event match of PP and PS, simultaneous inversion of PP and PS, and some other corresponding techniques. Different from single P-wave, multi-component exploration uses the introduction of converted wave seismic data as a constraint condition, to improve the stability of inversion, and signal to noise ratio of its results, thus improving accuracy of reservoir prediction. Its application in Sulige area has proved the effectiveness and feasibility of the techniques, and accumulated valuable experiences for exploration and development of similar oil/gas fields in future.
引文
[1]中国石油勘探与生产分公司.低渗透砂岩气藏地震勘探关键技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:112～114.
[2]黄绪德,杨文霞.转换波地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:69～70.
[3]赵邦六.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:118～119.
[4]Stearn J E F,Castoro A,Backhouse R.Chestnut Well Planning using Elastic Impedance of4C SeismicData.EAGE63rd Conference&Technical Exhibition.Amsterdam,The Netherlands:EAGE,2001:11～15.
[5]Maciej Niebuda,Peter Mesdag.Oseberg South PP-PS Joint(AVA)inversion.PETEX2008.Conference.The Netherland:PETEX,2008:21～26.
[6]Jawwad Ahmad,Tony Sun.Importance of Seismic Petrophysics for Seismic Data Inversion-Comparision with Reservoir/Conventional Petrophysics.2009CSPG CSEG CWLS Convention.Calgary,Canada:CSEG,2009:75～76.
[7]Per Avseth,Tapan Mukerji,等.地震定量解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:45～47.
[8]Aibaidula A,McMechan G.Inversion and interpretation of a3D seismic data set from the Ouachita Mountains.Geophysics,2009,74(2):B37～B45.
[2]黄绪德,杨文霞.转换波地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:69～70.
[3]赵邦六.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:118～119.
[4]Stearn J E F,Castoro A,Backhouse R.Chestnut Well Planning using Elastic Impedance of4C SeismicData.EAGE63rd Conference&Technical Exhibition.Amsterdam,The Netherlands:EAGE,2001:11～15.
[5]Maciej Niebuda,Peter Mesdag.Oseberg South PP-PS Joint(AVA)inversion.PETEX2008.Conference.The Netherland:PETEX,2008:21～26.
[6]Jawwad Ahmad,Tony Sun.Importance of Seismic Petrophysics for Seismic Data Inversion-Comparision with Reservoir/Conventional Petrophysics.2009CSPG CSEG CWLS Convention.Calgary,Canada:CSEG,2009:75～76.
[7]Per Avseth,Tapan Mukerji,等.地震定量解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:45～47.
[8]Aibaidula A,McMechan G.Inversion and interpretation of a3D seismic data set from the Ouachita Mountains.Geophysics,2009,74(2):B37～B45.
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