安宁河-则木河断裂带过渡段及其附近新发现的历史大地震破裂遗迹
摘要
在近些年的野外调查中,我们在安宁河、则木河2断裂带的过渡段(礼州至西昌之间)及其附近的3个场地发现了未知年代的地表破裂。通过分析这些地表破裂的特征以及在本区历史地震重破坏区中的位置,我们认为位于杨福山村以北与大坪子村以西2个场地的破裂应是1536年大地震地表破裂带的遗迹。这不仅反映了1536年大地震破裂带的南段沿安宁河与则木河断裂带的过渡段产生,而且反映了该破裂带的南端很可能到达了或者很接近于西昌。位于西昌略北李金堡村以东的破裂应属于1850年大地震地表破裂带的遗迹,它进一步证明了1850年大地震地表破裂带的西北端可能到达西昌以北至少数千米处。因而,由文中的证据可推断西昌附近的主干活动断裂在1536年和1850年大地震时均发生了破裂。
This paper briefly reports our newly findings on remains of earthquake surface ruptures along and near the transition segment(between Lizhou and Xichang)of the Anninghe and Zemuhe Fault zones in western Sichuan and analyzes their relations to historically documented large earthquakes.During geological surveys in recent years we find unknown-aged surface ruptures at three sites on and near the transition segment of the Anninghe and Zemuhe Fault zones.Through analyzing both characters of the surface ruptures and their locations in heavily damaged areas of relevant historical earthquakes in the studied region,we distinguish that ruptures at two of the three sites,north of Yangfushan and west of Dapingzi,should be remains of the surface rupture zone of the large 1536 earthquake.The findings of the remains at these two sites suggest not only that the southern portion of the 1536 rupture zone was yielded along the transition segment of the Anninghe and Zemuhe Fault zones,but also that the southernmost end of the 1536 rupture zone would have arrived at or been very close to Xichang.While,ruptures at and near the other site,east of Lijinbao,north of and not far from Xichang,should be remnants of the surface rupture zone of another historical large earthquake occurring in 1850.These remnants further prove that the most northwestern end of the 1850 rupture zone would have arrived somewhere at least several kilometers north of Xichang.It thus can be inferred from the evidence given in this paper that the major fault at and near Xichang was once ruptured by both the 1536 and 1850 earthquakes.Such an inference is compatible with the described phenomena in literal historical records that very heavy destruction and disaster happened in the city of Xichang during both the 1536 and 1850 earthquakes.
This paper briefly reports our newly findings on remains of earthquake surface ruptures along and near the transition segment(between Lizhou and Xichang)of the Anninghe and Zemuhe Fault zones in western Sichuan and analyzes their relations to historically documented large earthquakes.During geological surveys in recent years we find unknown-aged surface ruptures at three sites on and near the transition segment of the Anninghe and Zemuhe Fault zones.Through analyzing both characters of the surface ruptures and their locations in heavily damaged areas of relevant historical earthquakes in the studied region,we distinguish that ruptures at two of the three sites,north of Yangfushan and west of Dapingzi,should be remains of the surface rupture zone of the large 1536 earthquake.The findings of the remains at these two sites suggest not only that the southern portion of the 1536 rupture zone was yielded along the transition segment of the Anninghe and Zemuhe Fault zones,but also that the southernmost end of the 1536 rupture zone would have arrived at or been very close to Xichang.While,ruptures at and near the other site,east of Lijinbao,north of and not far from Xichang,should be remnants of the surface rupture zone of another historical large earthquake occurring in 1850.These remnants further prove that the most northwestern end of the 1850 rupture zone would have arrived somewhere at least several kilometers north of Xichang.It thus can be inferred from the evidence given in this paper that the major fault at and near Xichang was once ruptured by both the 1536 and 1850 earthquakes.Such an inference is compatible with the described phenomena in literal historical records that very heavy destruction and disaster happened in the city of Xichang during both the 1536 and 1850 earthquakes.
引文
冯元保,杜平山,黄义书.2000.1850年西昌地震地表破裂带[J].四川地震,(1):80—96.FENG Yuan-bao,DU Ping-shan,HUANG Yi-shu.2000.The surface rupture belt of the1850Xichang earthquake ofmagnitude7·5[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,(1):80—96(in Chinese).
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黄圣睦.l985.历史地震活动特征与地震大形势判定信息初探[J].地震研究,8(5):485—495.HUANG Sheng-mu.1985.Preliminary study on characteristic of historical strong earthquakes and determining information ofmacroscopical situation of earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,8(5):484—495(in Chinese).
任金卫,李?.1993.四川西昌1850年地震地表破裂特征研究[J].地震地质,15(2):97—106.REN Jin-wei,LI Ping.1993.The characteristics of surface faulting of1850earthquake in Xichang,Sichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,15(2):97—106(in Chinese).
四川地震资料汇编编辑组编.1980.四川地震资料汇编(第一卷)[M].成都:四川人民出版社.1—576.Editorial Group of the Data Compilation of Earthquakes in Sichuan(ed).1980.The Data Compilation of Earthquakes inSichuan(Book1)[M].People s Publishing House of Sichuan,Chengdu.1—576(in Chinese).
唐荣昌,韩渭宾编.1993.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社.1—368+192.TANG Rong-chang,HAN Wei-bin(eds).1993.Active Faults and Earthquakes in Sichuan[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.1—368+192(in Chinese).
王新民,张成贵,裴锡瑜.1998.晚第四纪以来安宁河断裂的构造活动与演化[J].四川地震,(4):1—12.WANG Xin-min,ZHANG Cheng-gui,PEI Xi-yu.1998.Tectonic activity and its development of the Anninghe Fauduring the late Quaternary[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,(4):1—12(in Chinese).
闻学泽.2000.四川西部鲜水河-安宁河-则木河断裂带的地震破裂分段特征[J].地震地质,22(3):1—11.WEN Xue-ze.2000.Character of rupture segmentation of the Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Zemuhe fault zone,westernSichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):1—11(in Chinese).
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.2003.甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):199—208.WEN Xue-ze,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Rong-zhang,et al.2003.Average slip-rate and recent large earthquake rupturesalong the Ganzi-Yushu fault[J].Science in China(Ser D),33(Suppl):276—288.
俞维贤,宋方敏,闻学泽,等.2001.1850年西昌地震地表破裂带的考察研究[J].地震研究,24(4):346—350.YU Wei-xian,SONG Fang-min.,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2001.Study of the surface rupture zone of the Xichangearthquake in1850[J].Journal of Seismological Research,24(4):346—350(in Chinese).
张成贵,王新民,裴锡瑜.1998·1536年强震与安宁河断裂上的最新地表断错[J].四川地震,(4):34—51.ZHANG Cheng-gui,WANG Xin-min,PEI Xi-yu.1998.The large1536earthquake and the latest surface offsets alongthe Anninghe fault[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,(4):34—51(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.2003,中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):12—20.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Guo-min,et al.2003.Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakeactivities in the continent of China[J].Science in China(Ser D),33(Suppl):13—24.
Schwartz D P,Coppersmith K L.1984.Fault behavior and characteristic earthquakes:Examples from the Wasatch andSan Andreas fault zones[J].J Geophy Res,89(7):5681—5698.
Sieh K E.1978.Slip along the San Andreas fault associated with the great1857earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,68:1421—1448.
国家地震局震害防御司编.1995.中国历史强震目录[Z].北京:地震出版社.1—514.Department of Earthquake Disaster Prevention,China Earthquake Administration(ed).1995.The Catalogue ofChinese Historical Strong Earthquakes[Z].Seismological Press,Beijing.1—514(in Chinese).
黄圣睦.l985.历史地震活动特征与地震大形势判定信息初探[J].地震研究,8(5):485—495.HUANG Sheng-mu.1985.Preliminary study on characteristic of historical strong earthquakes and determining information ofmacroscopical situation of earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,8(5):484—495(in Chinese).
任金卫,李?.1993.四川西昌1850年地震地表破裂特征研究[J].地震地质,15(2):97—106.REN Jin-wei,LI Ping.1993.The characteristics of surface faulting of1850earthquake in Xichang,Sichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,15(2):97—106(in Chinese).
四川地震资料汇编编辑组编.1980.四川地震资料汇编(第一卷)[M].成都:四川人民出版社.1—576.Editorial Group of the Data Compilation of Earthquakes in Sichuan(ed).1980.The Data Compilation of Earthquakes inSichuan(Book1)[M].People s Publishing House of Sichuan,Chengdu.1—576(in Chinese).
唐荣昌,韩渭宾编.1993.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社.1—368+192.TANG Rong-chang,HAN Wei-bin(eds).1993.Active Faults and Earthquakes in Sichuan[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.1—368+192(in Chinese).
王新民,张成贵,裴锡瑜.1998.晚第四纪以来安宁河断裂的构造活动与演化[J].四川地震,(4):1—12.WANG Xin-min,ZHANG Cheng-gui,PEI Xi-yu.1998.Tectonic activity and its development of the Anninghe Fauduring the late Quaternary[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,(4):1—12(in Chinese).
闻学泽.2000.四川西部鲜水河-安宁河-则木河断裂带的地震破裂分段特征[J].地震地质,22(3):1—11.WEN Xue-ze.2000.Character of rupture segmentation of the Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Zemuhe fault zone,westernSichuan[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):1—11(in Chinese).
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章,等.2003.甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):199—208.WEN Xue-ze,XU Xi-wei,ZHENG Rong-zhang,et al.2003.Average slip-rate and recent large earthquake rupturesalong the Ganzi-Yushu fault[J].Science in China(Ser D),33(Suppl):276—288.
俞维贤,宋方敏,闻学泽,等.2001.1850年西昌地震地表破裂带的考察研究[J].地震研究,24(4):346—350.YU Wei-xian,SONG Fang-min.,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2001.Study of the surface rupture zone of the Xichangearthquake in1850[J].Journal of Seismological Research,24(4):346—350(in Chinese).
张成贵,王新民,裴锡瑜.1998·1536年强震与安宁河断裂上的最新地表断错[J].四川地震,(4):34—51.ZHANG Cheng-gui,WANG Xin-min,PEI Xi-yu.1998.The large1536earthquake and the latest surface offsets alongthe Anninghe fault[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,(4):34—51(in Chinese).
张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.2003,中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):12—20.ZHANG Pei-zhen,DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Guo-min,et al.2003.Active tectonic blocks and strong earthquakeactivities in the continent of China[J].Science in China(Ser D),33(Suppl):13—24.
Schwartz D P,Coppersmith K L.1984.Fault behavior and characteristic earthquakes:Examples from the Wasatch andSan Andreas fault zones[J].J Geophy Res,89(7):5681—5698.
Sieh K E.1978.Slip along the San Andreas fault associated with the great1857earthquake[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,68:1421—1448.
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