综合地震勘探方法在陕北煤田采空区探测中的应用
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摘要
基于陕北黄土塬煤层采空区地震勘探方法研究项目,在该类复杂地质背景和地震地质条件下进行了煤层采空区多种地震探测方法的应用。探测中依据不同的地震勘探方法原理,针对同一目标地质体,提取了识别其地震波场的响应特征:①在地震反射时间剖面上呈现反射波组中断缺失、不连续特征;②在折射层析速度剖面上反射为低速异常;③面波记录出现强能量基阶面波传播中止(波散),面波速度剖面呈现为低速异常,频散曲线发生畸变(呈"之"字型回折);④煤层采空区边界显现出散射波特征。这些地震波场特征在鄂尔多斯等地的煤层采空区探测中也已得到验证。陕北煤田采空区探测实例表明,采用综合地震勘探方法探测可有效解决单一方法的多解性问题,提高其成果的准确性和可靠性。
Based on a research item of coal seam gob area seismic prospecting method in the northern Shaanxi loess tableland,carried out applications of various coal seam gob area seismic detection methods under that same complex geological background and seismic-geologic conditions.In detections,according to different seismic prospecting method principles,aimed at a same target geologic body,picked up response characteristics to recognize its seismic wave field: ① reflection wave group break,hiatus and discontinuity features present on seismic reflection time section;② weathering anomaly reflected on refraction tomographic velocity section;③ strong energy first mode of surface wave propagating suspended(wave dispersion) on surface wave record,surface wave velocity section presents as weathering anomaly,dispersion curve distortion(zigzag inflection);④ coal seam gob area boundary presents scattering wave characteristics.These seismic wave field characteristics are also verified in coal seam gob area detections in Ordos and other areas.The examples of northern Shaanxi coalfields gob area detection demonstrated that,to use integrated seismic prospecting method can effectively resolve the problem of interpretation ambiguity when unitary method is used.
Based on a research item of coal seam gob area seismic prospecting method in the northern Shaanxi loess tableland,carried out applications of various coal seam gob area seismic detection methods under that same complex geological background and seismic-geologic conditions.In detections,according to different seismic prospecting method principles,aimed at a same target geologic body,picked up response characteristics to recognize its seismic wave field: ① reflection wave group break,hiatus and discontinuity features present on seismic reflection time section;② weathering anomaly reflected on refraction tomographic velocity section;③ strong energy first mode of surface wave propagating suspended(wave dispersion) on surface wave record,surface wave velocity section presents as weathering anomaly,dispersion curve distortion(zigzag inflection);④ coal seam gob area boundary presents scattering wave characteristics.These seismic wave field characteristics are also verified in coal seam gob area detections in Ordos and other areas.The examples of northern Shaanxi coalfields gob area detection demonstrated that,to use integrated seismic prospecting method can effectively resolve the problem of interpretation ambiguity when unitary method is used.
引文
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[5]尹军杰,刘学伟,李文慧.地震散射理论及应用研究综述[J].地球物理进展,2005,20(3):24-27.
[6]安云海,刘国柱,杨洪艳.弹性波层析成像技术在煤田采空区勘查中的应用[J].现代矿业,2009,(1).
[7]杨晓东.复杂山区高信噪比原始资料采集方法[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(6).
[8]童立元,刘松玉,邱玉,等.高速公路下伏采空区问题国内外研究现状及进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1198-1200.
[9]高俊良,,段建华,郭粤莲.综合物探技术在探测煤矿采空区及其富水性中的应用[J].中国煤田地质,2007,19(S02).
[10]卢君实,郭震,禹凤林.辽宁煤矿采区地震勘探应用现状与前景[J].煤炭技术,2007,26(6):118-120.
[11]靳聚盛.地震勘探方法圈定老窑采空区[J].中国煤田地质,1998,10(03).
[12]李海山,刘天放.采用浅层地震勘探方法圈定采空区及冒落带边界[J].中国煤田地质,1990,2(04).
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