独立成分分析在随钻地震信号处理中的应用
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摘要
随钻地震是利用钻头破岩发出的信号作为震源,进行钻头前方地层预测的一门技术。随钻地震记录信噪比低,波场非常复杂,其数据处理的关键是从钻柱顶端加速度传感器的记录中分离出来自钻头的振动信号,作为与地面记录互相关的源函数。本文利用独立成分分析方法对钻柱顶端安装的两个加速度传感器的6个分量进行处理,并利用相应的混合矩阵和波形特征,对各种独立成分来源与特征进行分析。利用得到的独立成分和地表地震记录做相关处理,并从地面记录道中估计出了地滚波、钻具折射波和直达波,提高了处理资料的信噪比。此法表明,独立成分分析方法对于解决随钻地震多种信号的混叠问题和提高随钻地震数据处理的质量非常有效。
Seismic while drilling is a technology in which the signal from the drill bit is regarded as the source,and the geological layers ahead of the drilling bit can be predicted.The signal records from the seismic while drilling have low Signal-to-Noise Ratio,and their wave fields are very complex.The vibration signal separated from the records of the acceleration sensors which is mounted at end of the drillstring is the key in the signal processing as it will be used as the source function for the autocorrelation with the surface seismic records.In this paper by using independent component analysis method 6 component from the 2 acceleration sensors were processed,by utilizing corresponding mixing matrix and waveform characteristics,the source and characteristics of every independent component was analyzed.After autocorrelating the independent component with surface seismic records,the ground roll,drill tool refraction and direct wave were estimated,and the SN Ratio was raised.The studies show that the independent component analysis method is an effective tool in solving the multi-signal overlap problem in seismic while drilling,it is a promising method to improve the data quality in seismic data processing.
Seismic while drilling is a technology in which the signal from the drill bit is regarded as the source,and the geological layers ahead of the drilling bit can be predicted.The signal records from the seismic while drilling have low Signal-to-Noise Ratio,and their wave fields are very complex.The vibration signal separated from the records of the acceleration sensors which is mounted at end of the drillstring is the key in the signal processing as it will be used as the source function for the autocorrelation with the surface seismic records.In this paper by using independent component analysis method 6 component from the 2 acceleration sensors were processed,by utilizing corresponding mixing matrix and waveform characteristics,the source and characteristics of every independent component was analyzed.After autocorrelating the independent component with surface seismic records,the ground roll,drill tool refraction and direct wave were estimated,and the SN Ratio was raised.The studies show that the independent component analysis method is an effective tool in solving the multi-signal overlap problem in seismic while drilling,it is a promising method to improve the data quality in seismic data processing.
引文
[1]Flavio P,Francesco M.Seismic while drilling funda-mentals of drill-bit seismic for exploration,2004,35
[2]Meehan R,Haldorsen J.Rekindling interest in seis-mic while drilling.Oilfield Review,1993,4～13
[3]Weatherby B B.Method of making sub-surface de-terminations,U S Patent,1936,2
[4]Deily F H et al.Downhole measurements of drill string forces and motions.Transaction of American Society of Mechanical Engineering for Industry,1968,217～225
[5]Lutz J et al.Instantaneous logging based on a dynam-ic theory of drilling.Journal of Petroleum Technolo-gy,1972,750～758
[6]Rector J W.Utilization of drill-bit vibrations as a downhole seismic source[D].Stanford University,1990
[7]Clement K.Multichannel seismic experi ment with a drill-bit source[D].Stanford University,1990
[8]Rector J Wet a1.The use of drill-bit energy as a down-hole seismic source.Geophysics,1991,56:628～634
[9]Jaob B,Haldorsen U,Douglas E Miller,John J Wh.Walkaway VSP using drill noise as a source.Geo-physics,1995,60(4):978～997
[10]Flavio P,Trieste,Milano.Seismic while drilling use of pilot signals with downhole motor drilling.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:147～150
[11]Naville C,Serbutoviez S,Throol A,VinckO,Cec-coni F.Seismic While Drilling(SWD)Techniques with Downhole Measurements,Introduced by IFP and its Partners in1990-2000.Oil&Gas Science and Technology-Rev IFP,2004,59(4):371～403
[12]张绍槐,韩继勇,朱根法.随钻地震技术的理论及工程应用.石油学报,1999,20(2):67～72
[13]姜宇东.随钻地震技术综述.石油物探,2004,43(2):202～208
[14]罗斌.随钻地震技术研究及应用效果[博士论文].北京:中国地质大学,2005
[15]苟量,杨举勇,罗斌等.随钻VSP技术研究及初步应用效果.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):248～251
[16]杨微,葛洪魁,宁靖等.流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):622～628
[17]Hyvarinen A,Karhunen J,Oja E.Independent Compo-nent Analysis.John Wiley&Sons,2001
[18]杨福生,洪波.独立分量分析的原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[19]Poletto F,Rocca F and Bertelli L.Drill-bit signal sep-aration for RVSP using statistical independence.Geo-physics,2000,65:1645～1659
[20]王鹏,葛洪魁,陆斌等.随钻地震波场传播与数据处理方法的数值实验.石油钻探技术,2009,22(2):5～9
[2]Meehan R,Haldorsen J.Rekindling interest in seis-mic while drilling.Oilfield Review,1993,4～13
[3]Weatherby B B.Method of making sub-surface de-terminations,U S Patent,1936,2
[4]Deily F H et al.Downhole measurements of drill string forces and motions.Transaction of American Society of Mechanical Engineering for Industry,1968,217～225
[5]Lutz J et al.Instantaneous logging based on a dynam-ic theory of drilling.Journal of Petroleum Technolo-gy,1972,750～758
[6]Rector J W.Utilization of drill-bit vibrations as a downhole seismic source[D].Stanford University,1990
[7]Clement K.Multichannel seismic experi ment with a drill-bit source[D].Stanford University,1990
[8]Rector J Wet a1.The use of drill-bit energy as a down-hole seismic source.Geophysics,1991,56:628～634
[9]Jaob B,Haldorsen U,Douglas E Miller,John J Wh.Walkaway VSP using drill noise as a source.Geo-physics,1995,60(4):978～997
[10]Flavio P,Trieste,Milano.Seismic while drilling use of pilot signals with downhole motor drilling.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:147～150
[11]Naville C,Serbutoviez S,Throol A,VinckO,Cec-coni F.Seismic While Drilling(SWD)Techniques with Downhole Measurements,Introduced by IFP and its Partners in1990-2000.Oil&Gas Science and Technology-Rev IFP,2004,59(4):371～403
[12]张绍槐,韩继勇,朱根法.随钻地震技术的理论及工程应用.石油学报,1999,20(2):67～72
[13]姜宇东.随钻地震技术综述.石油物探,2004,43(2):202～208
[14]罗斌.随钻地震技术研究及应用效果[博士论文].北京:中国地质大学,2005
[15]苟量,杨举勇,罗斌等.随钻VSP技术研究及初步应用效果.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):248～251
[16]杨微,葛洪魁,宁靖等.流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):622～628
[17]Hyvarinen A,Karhunen J,Oja E.Independent Compo-nent Analysis.John Wiley&Sons,2001
[18]杨福生,洪波.独立分量分析的原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[19]Poletto F,Rocca F and Bertelli L.Drill-bit signal sep-aration for RVSP using statistical independence.Geo-physics,2000,65:1645～1659
[20]王鹏,葛洪魁,陆斌等.随钻地震波场传播与数据处理方法的数值实验.石油钻探技术,2009,22(2):5～9
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