青海玉树M_S7.1级地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解译
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摘要
2010年4月14日青海省玉树发生MS7.1级地震,造成严重的人员伤亡和重大的经济损失。除组织现场快速震害评估和地表破裂带调查外,利用高分辨率卫星影像解译是迅速给出初步震害评估和同震地表破裂的位置和展布的最佳途径。本文通过对震前、震后高分辨率SPOT卫星影像的对比,解译出了12km长的同震地表破裂带,其在影像上主要表现为线性阴影和色彩变化。地表破裂带位置和先存的断层、老破裂带位置一致,说明青海玉树地震属于原地复发型地震。同时,解译结果也得到了来自野外实地调查结果的验证,证明了遥感解译的可信性和及时性。但解译破裂长度远小于实际破裂长度,也说明了基于2.5m分辨率的SPOT卫星影像的遥感解译存在较大的局限性。
The April 14th,2010 Yushu earthquake(MS7.1) in Qinghai province,led to severe casualties and a huge economic loss.High resolution remote sensing technique is an effective method to estimate the degree of disaster and to distinguish the co-seismic surface ruptures in time.By comparing pre-and post-earthquake SPOT images,we have interpreted a 12km-long co-seismic surface rupture,which is characterized by linear shadow and color shift in satellite images.The interpreted co-seismic surface rupture is consistent with the old rupture and old fault.It implies that Yushu earthquake is of in-situ recurrence feature.Our results are also verified by the field investigation,which suggests that remote sensing technique is a timely method.However,the length of co-seismic surface ruptures in our result is shorter than that from the field survey.This suggests that 2.5m SPOT image-based remote sensing interpretation has some limitations to some degree in determination of earthquake surface ruptures.
The April 14th,2010 Yushu earthquake(MS7.1) in Qinghai province,led to severe casualties and a huge economic loss.High resolution remote sensing technique is an effective method to estimate the degree of disaster and to distinguish the co-seismic surface ruptures in time.By comparing pre-and post-earthquake SPOT images,we have interpreted a 12km-long co-seismic surface rupture,which is characterized by linear shadow and color shift in satellite images.The interpreted co-seismic surface rupture is consistent with the old rupture and old fault.It implies that Yushu earthquake is of in-situ recurrence feature.Our results are also verified by the field investigation,which suggests that remote sensing technique is a timely method.However,the length of co-seismic surface ruptures in our result is shorter than that from the field survey.This suggests that 2.5m SPOT image-based remote sensing interpretation has some limitations to some degree in determination of earthquake surface ruptures.
引文
1http://10.3.210.3/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/yushu/index.html.
1http://10.3.210.3/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/_content/10_04/20/1271742262418.html
1http://10.3.210.3/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/_content/10_04/20/1271742262418.html
陈立春,王虎,冉勇康等,2010.青海省玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震.科学通报,55(13):1200-1205.
陈运泰,2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震源机制和破裂过程快报(第四版).http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/17/1271488288058.html.
顾功叙(主编),1983.中国地震目录(公元前1831—1969年).北京:科学出版社.
国家地震局震害防御司,1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年).北京:地震出版社.
黄铁青,赵涛,翟金良等,2008.发挥空间信息技术优势,服务汶川抗震救灾决策:中国科学院利用遥感与地理信息技术为汶川地震抗震救灾和恢复重建提供决策服务纪略.遥感技术与应用,23(4):486-492.
李德仁,陈晓玲,蔡晓斌,2008.空间信息技术用于汶川地震救灾.遥感学报,12(6):841-851.
李闽峰,邢成起,1995.玉树断裂活动性研究.地震地质,17(3):218-224
彭华,马秀敏,白嘉启等,2006.甘孜玉树断裂带第四纪活动特征.地质力学学报,12(3):295-304.
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章等,2003.甘孜-玉树断裂带平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):199-208.
谢毓寿(主编),1983.中国地震历史资料汇编.北京:科学出版社.
张培震,2008.青藏高原东缘川西地区的现今构造变形、应变分配与深部动力过程.中国科学(D辑),38(9):1041-1056.
张培震,邓起东,张国民等,2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):12-20.
赵英时,陈冬梅,杨立明等,2003.遥感应用分析原理与方法.北京:科学出版社.
周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星,1996.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征.中国地震,12(4):250-260.
中国地震局震害防御司,1999.中国近代地震目录(公元1912年-1990年MS≥4.7).北京:中国科学技术出版社.
中国地震信息网,2010.青海玉树7.1级地震.http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/qhyushu7.1/index.html
He Honglin,Ran Hongliu,Yasutak Ikada,2006.Uniform strike-slip rate along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system and its implications for active tectonics in southeastern Tibet.ACTA Geologica Sinica,2:376-386.
USGS,2010.Magnitude6.9Southern Qihai,China.http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vacp.php
Wells D.L.,Coppersmith K.J.,1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,84(4):974-1002.
1http://10.3.210.3/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/_content/10_04/20/1271742262418.html
1http://10.3.210.3/html/8a834a81158a15aa01158a1bbbd40003/_content/10_04/20/1271742262418.html
陈立春,王虎,冉勇康等,2010.青海省玉树MS7.1级地震地表破裂与历史大地震.科学通报,55(13):1200-1205.
陈运泰,2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震源机制和破裂过程快报(第四版).http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/17/1271488288058.html.
顾功叙(主编),1983.中国地震目录(公元前1831—1969年).北京:科学出版社.
国家地震局震害防御司,1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年).北京:地震出版社.
黄铁青,赵涛,翟金良等,2008.发挥空间信息技术优势,服务汶川抗震救灾决策:中国科学院利用遥感与地理信息技术为汶川地震抗震救灾和恢复重建提供决策服务纪略.遥感技术与应用,23(4):486-492.
李德仁,陈晓玲,蔡晓斌,2008.空间信息技术用于汶川地震救灾.遥感学报,12(6):841-851.
李闽峰,邢成起,1995.玉树断裂活动性研究.地震地质,17(3):218-224
彭华,马秀敏,白嘉启等,2006.甘孜玉树断裂带第四纪活动特征.地质力学学报,12(3):295-304.
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章等,2003.甘孜-玉树断裂带平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):199-208.
谢毓寿(主编),1983.中国地震历史资料汇编.北京:科学出版社.
张培震,2008.青藏高原东缘川西地区的现今构造变形、应变分配与深部动力过程.中国科学(D辑),38(9):1041-1056.
张培震,邓起东,张国民等,2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):12-20.
赵英时,陈冬梅,杨立明等,2003.遥感应用分析原理与方法.北京:科学出版社.
周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星,1996.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征.中国地震,12(4):250-260.
中国地震局震害防御司,1999.中国近代地震目录(公元1912年-1990年MS≥4.7).北京:中国科学技术出版社.
中国地震信息网,2010.青海玉树7.1级地震.http://www.csi.ac.cn/manage/html/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/qhyushu7.1/index.html
He Honglin,Ran Hongliu,Yasutak Ikada,2006.Uniform strike-slip rate along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system and its implications for active tectonics in southeastern Tibet.ACTA Geologica Sinica,2:376-386.
USGS,2010.Magnitude6.9Southern Qihai,China.http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010vacp.php
Wells D.L.,Coppersmith K.J.,1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,84(4):974-1002.
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