Sr、He同位素指示河西走廊中西部地震活动性
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摘要
河西走廊地处青藏活动地块东北部边缘,为祁连山地震构造带和南北地震构造带的交汇部位,历史上曾发生过多次中强以上的破坏性地震。2008年5月12日汶川8.0级特大地震发生后,河西地震带是否会发生中强震是一个较受关注的问题。文中分析了河西走廊张掖、武威、酒泉盆地地下水中的Sr、He同位素特征。结果显示,这3个地区的地下水经历了3种不同的循环路径,不是源自黑河、石羊河、疏勒河的地表径流,而是祁连山降水在出山前下渗深大断裂后的补给。这表明河西走廊盆地内的断裂带现今活动性仍然很强,玉门、高台、民乐、永昌等位于断裂带交汇处或附近的区域未来发生中、强震的可能性较大,应加强对这些地区地下水的实时监测。
The Hexi Corridor(37°17'N to 42°48'N;93°23'E to 104°12'E)is located in the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau active block region.The deep fault zones trending WNW(northern boundary fault of the Qilianshan)and NNE(Altyn fault zone)are well developed.Medium and strong earthquakes ever occurred in history in these regions,especially at the junction region of Qilianshan seismotectonic zone and north-south seismotectonic zone.After Wenchuan earthquake Ms 8.0 occurred at 14:28:01.42 CST on 12 May 2008,all regions except Xinjiang,Jilin and Heilongjiang in China were affected by the great quake.It is a remarkable problem that how strong the coming earthquake in the Hexi seismic belt may be in the future time.In this paper,the authors have measured strontium and helium isotopic compositions of groundwater in Zhangye,Wuwei and Jiuquan Basins.It is concluded that the groundwater in these three basins are not originated from the runoff of Heihe River,Shiyanghe River or Shulehe River respectively,but from the supply of rainfall in the Qilianshan mountain front,which feeds the deep fault zones and then flows up over the Earth surface.The groundwater in different areas have different cycling routes.Therefore,the fault zones within the Hexi Basin are strongly active at present.The Yumen,Gaotai,Minle,and Yongchang Counties are located at or nearby the junction areas of the deep fault zones,so the occurrence probability of medium and strong earthquake in the future is quite high within the regions.It should be stressed to enhance the real-time monitoring of groundwater in the regions.
The Hexi Corridor(37°17'N to 42°48'N;93°23'E to 104°12'E)is located in the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau active block region.The deep fault zones trending WNW(northern boundary fault of the Qilianshan)and NNE(Altyn fault zone)are well developed.Medium and strong earthquakes ever occurred in history in these regions,especially at the junction region of Qilianshan seismotectonic zone and north-south seismotectonic zone.After Wenchuan earthquake Ms 8.0 occurred at 14:28:01.42 CST on 12 May 2008,all regions except Xinjiang,Jilin and Heilongjiang in China were affected by the great quake.It is a remarkable problem that how strong the coming earthquake in the Hexi seismic belt may be in the future time.In this paper,the authors have measured strontium and helium isotopic compositions of groundwater in Zhangye,Wuwei and Jiuquan Basins.It is concluded that the groundwater in these three basins are not originated from the runoff of Heihe River,Shiyanghe River or Shulehe River respectively,but from the supply of rainfall in the Qilianshan mountain front,which feeds the deep fault zones and then flows up over the Earth surface.The groundwater in different areas have different cycling routes.Therefore,the fault zones within the Hexi Basin are strongly active at present.The Yumen,Gaotai,Minle,and Yongchang Counties are located at or nearby the junction areas of the deep fault zones,so the occurrence probability of medium and strong earthquake in the future is quite high within the regions.It should be stressed to enhance the real-time monitoring of groundwater in the regions.
引文
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[2]Yuan D Y,He W G,Liu X F,et al.The characteristics of seismogenic structure of middle-strong earthquakes in recent10years,Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2006,28(3):235-241(in Chinese).
[3]Zhang J,Ma Z J.East-west segmentation of the Tibetan Plateau andits implication[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(2):218-227(in Chinese).
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[9]Cai X S,Hao M L,Cao B Y.The hydrogeological setting and hydrochemical signature of Wuwei Yaowangquan geo-thermal field[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2001,10(1):75-82(in Chinese).
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[11]Han Y P,Yang G H.Horizontal deformation and dynamic characters of the north-south seismic belts[J].Earthquake Researchin Sichuan,2006(4):15-18(in Chinese).
[12]Zhang X,Zhang X L,Wang S X,et al.Recent horizontal crustal movement and strain accumulation in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28(4):12-16(in Chinese).
[13]Dong Z P,Zhang Y S,Dai W.Discovery of the Ala Shan blockthrusting beneaththe Hexi Corridor andits tectonicim-plications[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,2007,19(1):91-93(in Chinese).
[14]Li XJ,Chen L X,Zhou L P,et al.Preliminary study on the relativity between the strong earthquake in Qinghai-Tibet block and moderate strong earthquake in Qilian mountain seismic belt[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2004,25(2):22-27(in Chinese).
[15]Liu X F,Yang L M,Fan B.Preliminary research onthe seis-micityin northern Qinghai-Xizang plateau after west to Kun-lun mountain passMs8.1earthquake[J].Northwestern Seis-mological Journal,2003,25(1):52-58(in Chinese).
[16]Liu X F,Mei X P,Zhang X M.Characteristics of seismic windows anomaly and prediction significance in north areas of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2003,25(4):359-364(in Chinese).
[1]刘百篪,李清河,刘小凤,等.祁连山活动地块东北部活动构造的定量研究与大地震危险性分析[J].西北地震学报,2000,22(2):187-190.
[2]袁道阳,何文贵,刘小凤,等.10余年来甘肃省中强地震的发震构造特征[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(3):235-241.
[3]张进,马宗晋.西藏高原西、中、东的分段性及其意义[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):218-227.
[4]杜建国,康春丽.强地震前兆异常特征与深部流体作用探讨[J].地震,2000,20(3):95-101.
[5]陈骏,王鹤年.地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:106-110.
[6]赵霞,陈建生,饶文波,等.氦同位素指示河西走廊盆地的地下水循环特性[J].地质学报,2007,81(4):563-569.
[7]叶萍,周爱国,刘存富,等.河北平原地下水水-岩作用新证据——锶同位素示踪演变特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(4):41-43.
[8]李百祥.狼山—武威—共和断裂带和地热分布[J].甘肃地质学报,2002,11(1):83-88.
[9]曹兴山,赫明林,曹炳媛.武威药王泉地热田水文地质条件及水化学特征[J].甘肃地质学报,2001,10(1):75-82.
[10]陈蜀俊,赵齐乐,曾佐勋,等.利用GPS监测和非连续介质力学研究阿尔金断裂对中国大陆地壳运动变形的影响[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(1):1-7.
[11]韩月萍,杨国华.南北地震带水平形变及其动态特征[J].四川地震,2006(4):15-18.
[12]张希,张晓亮,王双绪,等.青藏块体东北缘近期地壳水平运动与应变积累[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(4):12-16.
[13]董治平,张元生,代炜.阿拉善地块下插河西走廊的发现及其构造意义[J].甘肃科学学报,2007,19(1):91-93.
[14]李兴坚,陈兰新,周莉萍,等.青藏块体强震与祁连山地震带中强震相关性的初步探讨[J].地震地磁与观测研究,2004,25(2):22-27.
[15]刘小凤,杨立明,范兵.昆仑山口西8.1级地震后青藏高原北部地区地震活动初步研究[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(1):52-58.
[16]刘小凤,梅秀萍,张小美.青藏高原北部地区地震窗口特征及其预报意义[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(4):359-364.
[2]Yuan D Y,He W G,Liu X F,et al.The characteristics of seismogenic structure of middle-strong earthquakes in recent10years,Gansu Province[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2006,28(3):235-241(in Chinese).
[3]Zhang J,Ma Z J.East-west segmentation of the Tibetan Plateau andits implication[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(2):218-227(in Chinese).
[4]Du J G,Kang C L.Characteristics of earthquake precursors andits geological significance[J].Earthquake,2000,20(3):95-101(in Chinese).
[5]Chen J,Wang H N.Geochemisrty[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:106-110(in Chinese).
[6]Zhao X,Chen J S,Rao W B,et al.Tracing groundwater with heliumisotopic compositionsin the Hexi Corridor basin,northwestern China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(4):563-569(in Chinese).
[7]Ye P,Zhou A G,Liu C F,et al.New water-rockinteraction evidence for groundwater in the Hebei Plain:Characteristics of Sr isotope tracer[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geol-ogy,2007(4):41-43(in Chinese).
[8]Li B X.Langshan-Wuwei-Gonghe faulted zone and geother-mal distribution[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2002,11(1):83-88(in Chinese).
[9]Cai X S,Hao M L,Cao B Y.The hydrogeological setting and hydrochemical signature of Wuwei Yaowangquan geo-thermal field[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2001,10(1):75-82(in Chinese).
[10]Chen S J,Zhao Q L,Zeng Z X,et al.The effect of slipping along Altyn Taghfault to the tectonic deformation of Chinese mainland from GPS measurement and discontinue material dynamic methods[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2005,27(1):1-7(in Chinese).
[11]Han Y P,Yang G H.Horizontal deformation and dynamic characters of the north-south seismic belts[J].Earthquake Researchin Sichuan,2006(4):15-18(in Chinese).
[12]Zhang X,Zhang X L,Wang S X,et al.Recent horizontal crustal movement and strain accumulation in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28(4):12-16(in Chinese).
[13]Dong Z P,Zhang Y S,Dai W.Discovery of the Ala Shan blockthrusting beneaththe Hexi Corridor andits tectonicim-plications[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,2007,19(1):91-93(in Chinese).
[14]Li XJ,Chen L X,Zhou L P,et al.Preliminary study on the relativity between the strong earthquake in Qinghai-Tibet block and moderate strong earthquake in Qilian mountain seismic belt[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2004,25(2):22-27(in Chinese).
[15]Liu X F,Yang L M,Fan B.Preliminary research onthe seis-micityin northern Qinghai-Xizang plateau after west to Kun-lun mountain passMs8.1earthquake[J].Northwestern Seis-mological Journal,2003,25(1):52-58(in Chinese).
[16]Liu X F,Mei X P,Zhang X M.Characteristics of seismic windows anomaly and prediction significance in north areas of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2003,25(4):359-364(in Chinese).
[1]刘百篪,李清河,刘小凤,等.祁连山活动地块东北部活动构造的定量研究与大地震危险性分析[J].西北地震学报,2000,22(2):187-190.
[2]袁道阳,何文贵,刘小凤,等.10余年来甘肃省中强地震的发震构造特征[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(3):235-241.
[3]张进,马宗晋.西藏高原西、中、东的分段性及其意义[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):218-227.
[4]杜建国,康春丽.强地震前兆异常特征与深部流体作用探讨[J].地震,2000,20(3):95-101.
[5]陈骏,王鹤年.地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:106-110.
[6]赵霞,陈建生,饶文波,等.氦同位素指示河西走廊盆地的地下水循环特性[J].地质学报,2007,81(4):563-569.
[7]叶萍,周爱国,刘存富,等.河北平原地下水水-岩作用新证据——锶同位素示踪演变特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(4):41-43.
[8]李百祥.狼山—武威—共和断裂带和地热分布[J].甘肃地质学报,2002,11(1):83-88.
[9]曹兴山,赫明林,曹炳媛.武威药王泉地热田水文地质条件及水化学特征[J].甘肃地质学报,2001,10(1):75-82.
[10]陈蜀俊,赵齐乐,曾佐勋,等.利用GPS监测和非连续介质力学研究阿尔金断裂对中国大陆地壳运动变形的影响[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(1):1-7.
[11]韩月萍,杨国华.南北地震带水平形变及其动态特征[J].四川地震,2006(4):15-18.
[12]张希,张晓亮,王双绪,等.青藏块体东北缘近期地壳水平运动与应变积累[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(4):12-16.
[13]董治平,张元生,代炜.阿拉善地块下插河西走廊的发现及其构造意义[J].甘肃科学学报,2007,19(1):91-93.
[14]李兴坚,陈兰新,周莉萍,等.青藏块体强震与祁连山地震带中强震相关性的初步探讨[J].地震地磁与观测研究,2004,25(2):22-27.
[15]刘小凤,杨立明,范兵.昆仑山口西8.1级地震后青藏高原北部地区地震活动初步研究[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(1):52-58.
[16]刘小凤,梅秀萍,张小美.青藏高原北部地区地震窗口特征及其预报意义[J].西北地震学报,2003,25(4):359-364.
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