饱和砂土液化研究新进展
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摘要
首先对20世纪90年代以前有关饱和砂土液化的研究工作进行了简要回顾,然后重点对近期液化的离心机实验研究、液化引起的地面大位移及对结构物的破坏等进行了综述。同时也对液化的判别方法、粉砂液化、静态液化等进行了评述.认为今后的研究重点是液化引起的地面大位移及对结构物的破坏等,其中涉及到结构与土的耦合问题、流变体(液化区域内的砂土)和固体(未液化区域的砂土)耦合及演变的问题,需要多学科(岩土力学、数值分析、流体力学、结构力学等)的研究人员共同研究.其中,液化前后的土体本构关系是需要研究的核心内容。今后需利用离心机实验、现场原位实验开展工作,并进行相关实验技术研究工作。
This paper reviews the advances of liquefaction researches on saturated soils since the 1990's, especially, the centrifuge experiments and the liquefaction-induced displacement. At the same time, the criterion of liquefaction, the effect of fine sands on the liquefaction , the static liquefaction are discussed. It is shown that the important problems include the liquefaction-induced large displacements and its damage to the structures. The coupling and evolution of the interaction between the sands and the structures, and the coupling of fluid(the liquefied area) and solids(the area having not liquefied) are the key problems. These problems concern multi-knowledge (includes soil mechanics, numerical simulation, fluid mechanics and structure mechanics) .The constitutive relation before and after liquefaction is the key to study the liquefaction-induced large displacement. The centrifuge experiments and the in-situ experiments such as CPT are important tools in the study of liquefaction. The technology related with these two experiments should be studied.
This paper reviews the advances of liquefaction researches on saturated soils since the 1990's, especially, the centrifuge experiments and the liquefaction-induced displacement. At the same time, the criterion of liquefaction, the effect of fine sands on the liquefaction , the static liquefaction are discussed. It is shown that the important problems include the liquefaction-induced large displacements and its damage to the structures. The coupling and evolution of the interaction between the sands and the structures, and the coupling of fluid(the liquefied area) and solids(the area having not liquefied) are the key problems. These problems concern multi-knowledge (includes soil mechanics, numerical simulation, fluid mechanics and structure mechanics) .The constitutive relation before and after liquefaction is the key to study the liquefaction-induced large displacement. The centrifuge experiments and the in-situ experiments such as CPT are important tools in the study of liquefaction. The technology related with these two experiments should be studied.
引文
1 刘恢先.唐山大地震震害(一),(四).北京:地震出版社,1986． 339～393
2 汪闻韶.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力试验研究.水利学报,1962,2:36～47
3 黄文熙.水工建设中的结构力学与岩土力学问题.北京:水利电力出版社,1984． 252～256
4 谢定义,巫志辉.不规则动荷脉冲波对砂土液化特性的影响.岩土工程学报,1987,9(4) :1～12
5 王锺琦.地震液化的宏观研究.岩土工程学报,1995,4(3) :1～10
6 张克绪,谢君裴.土动力学.北京:地震出版社,1989
7 徐志英,沈珠江.土坝地震孔隙水压力产生、扩散和消散的有限单元法动力分析.华东水利学院学报,1981,9(4) :1～16
8 栾茂田,邵宇,林皋.土体地震反应非线性分析方法比较研究.见:栾茂田编.第五届全国土动力学学术会议文集.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1998． 203～208
9 吴世明,徐攸在.土动力学现状与发展.岩土工程学报,1998,20(3) :125～131
10 汪闻韶.土的动力强度和液化特性.北京:中国水利电力出版社,
??1997
11 沈珠江.理论土力学.北京:中国水利电力出版社,1999． 9～80
12 Finn W D L, Lee K W, Martin G R. An effective stress model for liquefaction. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 1977, 103(6) : 517～533
13 Seed H B, Idriss I M. A simplified procedure for evaluation soil liquefaction potential. J of Geot Eng Div, ASCE 1971,97(2) : 201～255
14 DeAlba P, Seed H B, Chan C K. Sand liquefaction in largescale simple shear tests. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 1976, 102(9) : 909～928
15 Ishihara K,Iwamoto S等.各向不等压固结砂的液化.见:郁寿松译,石兆吉校.砂土振动液化译文集,(三).华东水利学院,1977． 82～86
16 Seed H B. Soil liquefaction and cyclic mobility evaluation for level ground during earthquakes. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 1979, 105(2) : 201～255
17 Finn W D L. Liquefaction potential: developments since 1976． In: Seed, ed. Proc International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St Louis, Missouri 1981． 655～681
18 Iwasaki T. Soil liquefaction studies in Japan: tate-of-the-art. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1986,5(1) : 2～68
19 Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid, Ⅰ: low frenquency range, Ⅱ: high friquency range. J Acoust Soc Am, 1956, 28: 168～191
20 李向维,李相约.饱水孔隙介质的耦合波动问题.应用数学和力学,1989,10(4) :309～714．
21 Zienkiewicz O C. Dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media; the generalized biot formulation and its numerical solution. Interuational Jourual for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1984, 8: 71～96
22 Finn W D L, Lee K W, Martin G R. An effective stress model for liquefaction. ASCE J Geotech Engrg Div, 1977,103: 517～533
23 Finn W D, Byrne P M, Martin G R. Seismic response and liquefaction of sands. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE 1976, 102(8) : 841～857．
24 沈珠江. 砂土动力液化变形的有效应力分析方法. 水利水运科学研究,1982,4:22～32
25 Liou C P, Streeter V. The numerical model of liquefaction.Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Proceedings ASCE 1977, 103(4) : 589～606
26 Prevost J H. Wave propagation in fluid-saturated prous media: an efficient finite element procedure. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1985, 4(4) : 183～197
27 Thoncoso J H. Critical state of tailing silty sands for earthquake loadings. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1986, 5(3) : 248～252
28 Yiagos A N, Prevost J H. Two-phase elasto-plastic seismic response of earth dams: applications. Soil Dynamic and
??Earthquake Engineering, 1991, 10(7) : 371～381
29 Zienkiewicz O C, Chang C T. Effective stress dynamic modelling for soil structures including drainage and liquefaction.In: Zienkiewicz, ed. International Symposium on Soils Under Cyclic and Transient Loading. Swansea, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1980． 551～554
30 周健,徐志英.土(尾矿)坝的三维有效应力动力反应分析.地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(3) :60～70
31 张建民,谢定义.饱和砂土动本构理论研究进展.力学进展,1994,24(2) :187～204
32 刘汉龙,余湘娟.土动力学与岩土地震工程研究进展.河海大学学报,1999,27(1) :6～15
33 赵成刚,杜修力,崔杰.固体、流体多相孔隙介质中的波动理论及其数值模拟的进展.力学进展,1998,28(1) :83～92
34 陈少林,廖振鹏.两相介质动力学问题的研究进展.?
2 汪闻韶.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力试验研究.水利学报,1962,2:36～47
3 黄文熙.水工建设中的结构力学与岩土力学问题.北京:水利电力出版社,1984． 252～256
4 谢定义,巫志辉.不规则动荷脉冲波对砂土液化特性的影响.岩土工程学报,1987,9(4) :1～12
5 王锺琦.地震液化的宏观研究.岩土工程学报,1995,4(3) :1～10
6 张克绪,谢君裴.土动力学.北京:地震出版社,1989
7 徐志英,沈珠江.土坝地震孔隙水压力产生、扩散和消散的有限单元法动力分析.华东水利学院学报,1981,9(4) :1～16
8 栾茂田,邵宇,林皋.土体地震反应非线性分析方法比较研究.见:栾茂田编.第五届全国土动力学学术会议文集.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1998． 203～208
9 吴世明,徐攸在.土动力学现状与发展.岩土工程学报,1998,20(3) :125～131
10 汪闻韶.土的动力强度和液化特性.北京:中国水利电力出版社,
??1997
11 沈珠江.理论土力学.北京:中国水利电力出版社,1999． 9～80
12 Finn W D L, Lee K W, Martin G R. An effective stress model for liquefaction. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 1977, 103(6) : 517～533
13 Seed H B, Idriss I M. A simplified procedure for evaluation soil liquefaction potential. J of Geot Eng Div, ASCE 1971,97(2) : 201～255
14 DeAlba P, Seed H B, Chan C K. Sand liquefaction in largescale simple shear tests. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 1976, 102(9) : 909～928
15 Ishihara K,Iwamoto S等.各向不等压固结砂的液化.见:郁寿松译,石兆吉校.砂土振动液化译文集,(三).华东水利学院,1977． 82～86
16 Seed H B. Soil liquefaction and cyclic mobility evaluation for level ground during earthquakes. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 1979, 105(2) : 201～255
17 Finn W D L. Liquefaction potential: developments since 1976． In: Seed, ed. Proc International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St Louis, Missouri 1981． 655～681
18 Iwasaki T. Soil liquefaction studies in Japan: tate-of-the-art. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1986,5(1) : 2～68
19 Biot M A. Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid, Ⅰ: low frenquency range, Ⅱ: high friquency range. J Acoust Soc Am, 1956, 28: 168～191
20 李向维,李相约.饱水孔隙介质的耦合波动问题.应用数学和力学,1989,10(4) :309～714．
21 Zienkiewicz O C. Dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media; the generalized biot formulation and its numerical solution. Interuational Jourual for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1984, 8: 71～96
22 Finn W D L, Lee K W, Martin G R. An effective stress model for liquefaction. ASCE J Geotech Engrg Div, 1977,103: 517～533
23 Finn W D, Byrne P M, Martin G R. Seismic response and liquefaction of sands. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE 1976, 102(8) : 841～857．
24 沈珠江. 砂土动力液化变形的有效应力分析方法. 水利水运科学研究,1982,4:22～32
25 Liou C P, Streeter V. The numerical model of liquefaction.Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Proceedings ASCE 1977, 103(4) : 589～606
26 Prevost J H. Wave propagation in fluid-saturated prous media: an efficient finite element procedure. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1985, 4(4) : 183～197
27 Thoncoso J H. Critical state of tailing silty sands for earthquake loadings. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1986, 5(3) : 248～252
28 Yiagos A N, Prevost J H. Two-phase elasto-plastic seismic response of earth dams: applications. Soil Dynamic and
??Earthquake Engineering, 1991, 10(7) : 371～381
29 Zienkiewicz O C, Chang C T. Effective stress dynamic modelling for soil structures including drainage and liquefaction.In: Zienkiewicz, ed. International Symposium on Soils Under Cyclic and Transient Loading. Swansea, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1980． 551～554
30 周健,徐志英.土(尾矿)坝的三维有效应力动力反应分析.地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(3) :60～70
31 张建民,谢定义.饱和砂土动本构理论研究进展.力学进展,1994,24(2) :187～204
32 刘汉龙,余湘娟.土动力学与岩土地震工程研究进展.河海大学学报,1999,27(1) :6～15
33 赵成刚,杜修力,崔杰.固体、流体多相孔隙介质中的波动理论及其数值模拟的进展.力学进展,1998,28(1) :83～92
34 陈少林,廖振鹏.两相介质动力学问题的研究进展.?
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