汶川地震诱发次生地质灾害危险性综合评价——以崇州市为例
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摘要
汶川地震引发大量次生地质灾害。为识别不同区域发生次生地质灾害的危险性,采用面积加权灾害点密度(HCA)作为指标,分析多种地质灾害诱发因子与灾害程度的对应关系,应用因子分析法实现灾害危险性综合评价,并划分为5个危险性等级。结果表明:基本安全区占总面积的53.61%,多分布于东部平原地区;低危险区多分布于中部丘陵地区;中度危险区和亚高危险区面积较大,分别占总面积的19.58%和16.22%,均分布于山区和高断裂带密度区;高危险区面积为37.82km2,占总面积的3.5%,极易发生(次生)地质灾害,应重点关注;最后,与传统灾害点密度(HC)方法进行对比,基于HCA的结果精度得到显著提高。
Wenchuan Earthquake brought about great amount of secondary geological disaster. To recognize the risk levels of this disaster in different areas of Wenchuan,this paper used post-disaster density of area weighted (HCA) as the index,and analyzed the corresponding relationships between various geological disaster-induced factors and disaster degree,taking Chongzhou City as an example. By using factor analysis to achieve the comprehensive hazard assessment,the study area was divided into five risk levels. The basic security area accounted for 53.61% of the total,most of which distributed in eastern plain region. Low risk area distributed in hilly region. Moderate and sub-high risk areas accounted for 19.58 % and 16.22%,respectively,and distributed in the mountainous and high rift zone density regions. High dangerous area was 37.82 km2,accounting for 3.5% of the total,where the secondary geological disaster was easily occurred,and thereby,most concern should be paid. Comparing with the traditional method based on disaster density (HC),the method based on HCA had an obviously higher accuracy.
Wenchuan Earthquake brought about great amount of secondary geological disaster. To recognize the risk levels of this disaster in different areas of Wenchuan,this paper used post-disaster density of area weighted (HCA) as the index,and analyzed the corresponding relationships between various geological disaster-induced factors and disaster degree,taking Chongzhou City as an example. By using factor analysis to achieve the comprehensive hazard assessment,the study area was divided into five risk levels. The basic security area accounted for 53.61% of the total,most of which distributed in eastern plain region. Low risk area distributed in hilly region. Moderate and sub-high risk areas accounted for 19.58 % and 16.22%,respectively,and distributed in the mountainous and high rift zone density regions. High dangerous area was 37.82 km2,accounting for 3.5% of the total,where the secondary geological disaster was easily occurred,and thereby,most concern should be paid. Comparing with the traditional method based on disaster density (HC),the method based on HCA had an obviously higher accuracy.
引文
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Matjaz M,Rok F,Mihael R.2006.Sediment production anddelivery from recent large landslides and earthquake-in-duced rock falls in the Upper So a River Valley,Slovenia.Engineering Geology,86:198-210.
崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.2008.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施.山地学报,26(3):280-282.
郭芳芳,杨农,孟晖,等.2008.地形起伏度和坡度分析在区域滑坡灾害评价中的应用.中国地质,35(1):131-143.
李雨停,丁四保,王荣成.2009.地理成本与人口空间分布格局研究.中国人口.资源与环境,19(5):82-87.
梁瑞莲,王慧彦,黄敏,等.2009.汶川地震统计评估方法的设计与应用.防灾科技学院学报,11(1):86-88.
刘同庆,陈有明,褚进海,等.2008.四川什邡北部山区遥感调查次生地质灾害现状及防治建议.安徽地质,18(4):284-286.
苗会强,刘会平,范九生,等.2008.汶川地震次生灾害成因、成灾与治理.地质灾害害与环境保护,19(4):1-5.
邵虹波,刘宏.2009.地震次生灾害危害分析及建议.长春理工大学学报(高教版),4(4):183-185.
苏凤环,刘洪江,韩用顺.2008.汶川地震山地灾害遥感快速提取及其分布特点分析.遥感学报,12(6):956-963.
唐邦兴,李宪文,吴积善,等.1994.山洪泥石流滑坡灾害及防治.北京:科学出版社.
涂汉明,刘振东.1991.中国地势起伏度研究.测绘学报,20(4):311-318.
王兰生.2008.叠溪地震与汶川地震———对汶川地震次生灾害防止和灾后再建的建议.城市发展研究,15(3):22-25.
王治华,周英杰,徐斌.2008.“5.12”汶川大地震震中区映秀镇地震灾情及次生地质灾害遥感初步调查.国土资源遥感,10(4):1-4.
姚鑫,许冲,戴福初,等.2009.四川汶川Ms8级地震引发的滑坡与地层岩性、坡度的相关性.地质通报,28(8):1156-1162.
赵福军,蔡山,陈曦.2010.遥感震害快速评估技术在汶川地震中的应用.自然灾害学报,19(1):1-7.
中国地震局.2008.汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图.http://www.cea.gov.cn/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cfy_content/08_08/291219980517676.html.
Garcia-Rodriguez MJ,Malpica JA.2010.Assessment of earth-quake-triggered landslide susceptibility in El Salvadorbased on an artificial neural network model.Natural Haz-ards and Earth System Sciences,25:1307-1315.
Keefer DK.1984.Landslides caused by earthquakes.Geolog-ical Society ofAmerica Bulletin,95:406-2421.
Keefer DK,Joseph W,Carlos NO,et al.2006.Landslidescaused by the M7.6Tecomán,Mexico earthquake of Janu-ary21,2003.Engineering Geology,86:183-197.
Li YF,Wang ZY,Shi WJ,et al.2010.Slope debris flows inthe Wenchuan earthquake area.Journal ofMountain Sci-ence,7:226-233.
Matjaz M,Rok F,Mihael R.2006.Sediment production anddelivery from recent large landslides and earthquake-in-duced rock falls in the Upper So a River Valley,Slovenia.Engineering Geology,86:198-210.
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