承受高压及轴向应变的高性能输气管线用钢管的开发和性能分析(下)
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摘要
近50年来,天然气的消耗量大大增加,并且会继续增加以降低主要能源的CO2排放量。随着天然气供应量的增加,为保证其输送的经济性和安全性,开发了高强度大直径焊管,并已成功应用在全球多个地区(如北极地区、地震带和深海海域)。天然气需求的增加对长距离输送管线用钢管提出了新的要求,为此,研究了更为恶劣环境下承受高压和轴向应变的高性能钢管;分析了所开发的高压输气管线用高品质钢管的性能;探讨了承受轴向应变钢管的进一步开发。
Natural gas consumption has been remarkably increased over the last 50 years,and is expected to keep going up for the purpose to reduce CO2 emission from primary energies. Along with the increase of natural gas supply,economic and safe transmission thereof needs to be ensured. Accordingly,high strength and large diameter welded pipes have been developed,and applied successfully,in various places throughout the world,including the arctic region,the seismic areas and the deep sea areas. Further increase of gas demand is expected,and additional requirements are put forward to long distance pipelines. Therefore,high performance pipes under high pressure and axial strain are studied for more stringent environment. The properties of the high quality pipes as developed for high-pressure gas pipelines are summarized. And finally,the possibility of further improvement of steel pipes for axial strain is discussed.
Natural gas consumption has been remarkably increased over the last 50 years,and is expected to keep going up for the purpose to reduce CO2 emission from primary energies. Along with the increase of natural gas supply,economic and safe transmission thereof needs to be ensured. Accordingly,high strength and large diameter welded pipes have been developed,and applied successfully,in various places throughout the world,including the arctic region,the seismic areas and the deep sea areas. Further increase of gas demand is expected,and additional requirements are put forward to long distance pipelines. Therefore,high performance pipes under high pressure and axial strain are studied for more stringent environment. The properties of the high quality pipes as developed for high-pressure gas pipelines are summarized. And finally,the possibility of further improvement of steel pipes for axial strain is discussed.
引文
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[2]Wright E J.Meeting the latest materials and corrosion challenges of hydrocarbon transportation[C]//Procee-dings of The2007International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.Lisbon,Portugal,2007.
[3]EGIG:6th EGIG-report1970～2004gas pipeline inci-dents,Doc.number EGIG05.R.0002,2005.
[4]DOT.Natural gas transmission:serious pipeline inci-dents details:1987-2006.PHMSA Pipeline Safety Pr-ogram,US Department of Transportation.
[5]Chaburkin V F,Kanaykin V A,Budzulyak B V,et al.Providing reliability of trunk gas pipelines operation on the basis of in-line inspection results[C]//23rd World Gas Conference,Amsterdam,Netherlands,2006.
[6]Takahashi N,Yamamoto A,Miura M,et al.Fracture resistance against internal pressure on high strength over X80line pipe[C].Rome:1st International Con-ference Super-high Strength Steels,2005.
[7]Hasebe S,Koga T,Okazawa T.Low temperature burst test of large size welded mill line pipe(2)[J].The Sumitomo Search,1973(10):35-43.
[8]Maxy W A.Fracture initiation,propagation and arrest[C]//Proceedings of5th Symposium on Linepipe Re-search,Houston,1974.
[9]Makino H,Inoue T,Endo S,et al.Simulation meth-od for crack propagation and arrest of shear fracture in natural gas transmission pipelines[C]//Proceedings of Pipe Dreamer’s Conference.Yokohama,Japan,2002:501-524.
[10]Makino H.Takeuchi I.Fracture propagation and ar-rest of gas transmission pipelines by X100and X120[C]//Proceedings of Seminar Forum of X100/X120Grade High Performance Pipe Steels,Beijing,China,2005.
[11]Makino H,Takeuchi I,Higuchi R.Fracture prop-gation and arrest in high pressure gas transmission pipeline by ultra high strength line pipes[C]//Procee-dings of IPC2008,Calgary,Canada,2008.
[12]Tart R G.Pipeline geohazards unique to northern climate[C]//IPC2006-10085,Proceedings of IPC2006,Calgary,Canada,2006:25-29.
[13]Recommended practices for seismic design of high pr-essure gas pipelines[Z].Japan Gas Association,2000.
[14]Guideline for the design of buried steel pipe[Z].Ame-rican Lifelines Alliance,2001.
[15]Barbas S T,Weir M S.Strain-based design method-ology for seismic and arctic regions[C]//Proceedings of the2007International Offshore and Polar Engineer-ing Conference,Lisbon,Portugal,2007.
[16]Recommended practices for design of gas transmission pipelines in areas subjected to liquefaction[Z].Japan Gas Association,2001.
[17]Shitamoto H,Makino H,Okaguchi S,et al.Evalua-tion of strain limit of compressive buckling by FE analysis[C]//Proceedings of the2007International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.Lisbon,Portugal,2007.
[18]Denys R,De Waele W,Lefevre A,et al.Weld stren-gth mismatch effects on plastic straining capacity of axially loaded pipelines[C]//Proceedings of4th Inte-rnational Conference on Pipeline Technology.Ostend,Belgium,2004:209-234.
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