2008年云南盈江地震震害特点及抗震防灾启示
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摘要
2008年云南省盈江县发生了多次中强地震,其中较严重的地震事件有3月21日在南部发生的5.0级地震和8月21日在北部发生的5.9级地震。通过实地考察并结合有关文献,对地震震害特点作了分析,从中得出了农村抗震救灾的启示。几次地震震中均位于岩浆岩区,未见地震断层。地震造成了大量民房破坏,其中3月21日地震对铜壁关乡有轻微的破坏,5.9级地震破坏最严重的是勐弄乡部分村庄,微观震中所在的苏典乡房屋有较轻程度的破坏,油松岭乡江心坡村位于冲积平原,是烈度异常区。有2种原因致使盈江地震震害严重,一是地基地质结构差和力学强度低,如滑坡堆积层地基和易液化沙土地基;二是建筑物的抗震性能差,主要是建筑结构松散和建筑材料质量低劣。盈江地震灾害告诉我们,在农村加强地基勘查和地基处理的极端重要性,同时要加强房屋的抗震设防,加强对地震的应急能力建设,提倡地震保险。
During the year 2008,several medium-strong earthquakes happened in Yingjiang County,Yunnan province,including March 21st Ms 5.0 earthquake in the southern part,August 21st Ms 5.9 earthquake in the northern part. Based on field investigation and relative literature reading,this paper has analyzed features of earthquake disaster and some anti-earthquake measures were pointed out. It was also indicated that the epicenters of these earthquakes were located in magmatic rock region where there is no faulting structure. A great deal of village houses were destroyed by the earthquakes,for instance,Tongbiguan Township was slightly damaged caused by March 21st earthquake,some villages in Menglong Township was the most severely damaged in Ms 5.9 earthquake,Sudian Village which is within the micro-epicenter was slightly damaged and Jiangxinpo Village which situated within a alluvial plain turned out to be the seismic intensity anomaly zone. There were two reasons contributes to severe damages:one was the foundation with unstable geologic condition or low mechanic intensity,for instance,the landslide sediment foundation and liquefied sand-soil foundation; another was the poor seismic behavior of the building with loose structure and low quality construction material. Facing those huge losses,it's important to emphasize on the foundation survey and planning in rural areas,meanwhile seismic behavior of village houses should be improved to strengthen the emergency reacting ability,and insurances should also be advocated.
During the year 2008,several medium-strong earthquakes happened in Yingjiang County,Yunnan province,including March 21st Ms 5.0 earthquake in the southern part,August 21st Ms 5.9 earthquake in the northern part. Based on field investigation and relative literature reading,this paper has analyzed features of earthquake disaster and some anti-earthquake measures were pointed out. It was also indicated that the epicenters of these earthquakes were located in magmatic rock region where there is no faulting structure. A great deal of village houses were destroyed by the earthquakes,for instance,Tongbiguan Township was slightly damaged caused by March 21st earthquake,some villages in Menglong Township was the most severely damaged in Ms 5.9 earthquake,Sudian Village which is within the micro-epicenter was slightly damaged and Jiangxinpo Village which situated within a alluvial plain turned out to be the seismic intensity anomaly zone. There were two reasons contributes to severe damages:one was the foundation with unstable geologic condition or low mechanic intensity,for instance,the landslide sediment foundation and liquefied sand-soil foundation; another was the poor seismic behavior of the building with loose structure and low quality construction material. Facing those huge losses,it's important to emphasize on the foundation survey and planning in rural areas,meanwhile seismic behavior of village houses should be improved to strengthen the emergency reacting ability,and insurances should also be advocated.
引文
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[2]中国地震局震灾应急救援司.云南盈江地震灾害损失及地震烈度分布图件[EB/OL].http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_09/18/1221697365287.html,2008.
[3]顾功叙,林庭煌,时振梁,等.中国地震目录(公元前1831年—公元1969年)[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[4]毛玉平,韩新民,谷一山,等.云南地区强震(M≥6)研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2003.
[5]王锡财,陈述恒,李康龙.丽江7.0级地震丽江县城房屋震害分析[J].地震研究,1997,20(4):417-423.
[6]王锡财,崔建文,施伟华,等.施甸5.9级地震房屋震害分析[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(1):74-80.
[7]张建国,秦嘉政,乔森,等.2001年云南永胜6.0级地震观测与研究[M].昆明:云南科学技术出版社,2004.
[8]周光全,谭文红,施伟华,等.云南生命线工程及水工结构的地震灾害损失研究[J].灾害学,2005,20(1):90-95.
[9]付正新,非明伦,施伟华,等.大姚6.1级地震烈度与震害分析[J].地震研究,2005,28(2):197-201.
[10]云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[11]莫宣学,池际尚,路凤香,等.三江特提斯火山作用与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:11-18.
[12]皇甫岗,姜朝松.腾冲火山研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2000.
[13]国家地震局《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》编委会.中国岩石圈动力学地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1989.
[14]张加桂.泥灰质岩石区几种岩溶地貌形态及成因探讨——以三峡地区为例[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):288-294,319.
[15]张加桂,唐锐敏,何宝夫,等.汶川地震震害特点及成因探讨[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(3):565-574.
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