结构抗爆计算分析与防护策略
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摘要
随着恐怖袭击事件的日益增多,建筑物的抗爆问题开始受到关注。本文重点在于研究结构抗爆计算分析中存在的主要问题以及抗爆防护的新措施。首先,针对选用峰值超压作为空气冲击波的破坏判据以及选用建筑场地的振动峰值速度作为爆炸地震动的破坏判据这类常规经验分析方法,分析了它们的局限性,并提出了对应计算分析中值得注意的重要问题以及衡量爆炸地震动破坏的新判据。然后,分别就空气冲击波和爆炸地震动的防护措施提出了一些新的设想。研究指出:传统抗爆计算分析方法不能反映爆炸作用的动力累计效应,应在修正介质本构关系模型和强度理论的前提下引入动力学的方法进行计算分析;同时,结构抗爆措施应采取以削弱爆炸的入射能量为主而以抑制结构动力响应为辅的防护策略。
With increase of terrorist blast,it is becoming more important for buildings to resist the explosive load than before.This paper is focused on explosion-resistant calculation and protection of structures.First,the deficiencies of two damage criteria in current use are analyzed.One is application of the peak overpressure to damage evaluation of structures subjected to the air shock wave excitation,and the other is application of the peak vibration velocity of the construction site to damage evaluation of structures subjected to the explosion-induced ground excitation.Next,some key problems on explosion-resistant calculation of structures and a new safety criterion for damage evaluation of structures subjected to the explosion-induced ground excitation are presented.Then, new tentative measures for protection of structures subjected to the air shock wave and the ground motion excitation are also presented.Some important conclusions are obtained as follows: the traditional calculation method can not reflect the dynamic cumulative effect of the explosive load,and the dynamic analysis should be introduced to calculate the structural response with modification of constitutive model and strength theory for building materials as preconditions;meanwhile,explosion-resistant protection of structures should take such a strategy that the energy injected into the structure should be attenuated as a priority instead of response control of structures.
With increase of terrorist blast,it is becoming more important for buildings to resist the explosive load than before.This paper is focused on explosion-resistant calculation and protection of structures.First,the deficiencies of two damage criteria in current use are analyzed.One is application of the peak overpressure to damage evaluation of structures subjected to the air shock wave excitation,and the other is application of the peak vibration velocity of the construction site to damage evaluation of structures subjected to the explosion-induced ground excitation.Next,some key problems on explosion-resistant calculation of structures and a new safety criterion for damage evaluation of structures subjected to the explosion-induced ground excitation are presented.Then, new tentative measures for protection of structures subjected to the air shock wave and the ground motion excitation are also presented.Some important conclusions are obtained as follows: the traditional calculation method can not reflect the dynamic cumulative effect of the explosive load,and the dynamic analysis should be introduced to calculate the structural response with modification of constitutive model and strength theory for building materials as preconditions;meanwhile,explosion-resistant protection of structures should take such a strategy that the energy injected into the structure should be attenuated as a priority instead of response control of structures.
引文
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[2]田志敏,张想柏,杜修力.防恐怖爆炸重要建筑物的概念设计[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(1):34~41.
[3]李忠献,田力.地下爆炸波作用下基底滑移隔震建筑—土—隧道相互作用的动力分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(6):56~64.
[4]杜修力,廖维张,田志敏,石磊.建(构)筑物动力响应与防护措施研究进展[J].北京工业大学学报,2008,34(3):278~287,278~287.
[5]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
[6]国家标准GB6722-2003.爆破安全规程[S].
[7]Housner G.W,et al.Structural control:past,present and future[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1997,123(9):897~971.
[8]Soong T T.Passive and active structural vibration control in civilengineering[M].New York:JOHN WILEY&SONS,1994.
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