基于卸荷岩体力学的大岗山坝肩边坡水平位移发育的多因素影响分析
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摘要
在现阶段工程运用中,卸荷岩体力学理论中还需完善和扩充的几个方面为①锚索施加前后卸荷效应对边坡水平位移的影响;②超前开挖锚固滞后的方案会对具体工程岩体水平位移产生的影响;③关键工程结构面连通率对卸荷岩体位移的影响;④地震作用下卸荷岩体的水平位移响应;⑤地震作用下不同连通率对水平向位移的影响。针对此,以大岗山坝肩边坡为对象展开研究。分析指出岩体开挖卸荷后回弹变形和压缩变形都会大于未考虑岩质劣化时的计算变形。同时指出,卸荷条件下两种施工方案对坡面的水平向位移造成的影响较小,为超挖多级而锚固措施相对滞后的现场施工过程的可行性提供依据。统计出各剖面在不同高程水平位移随地震加速度发展特征,建议水平位移随地震加速度呈非线性变化区域为防震抗震重点加固区域。研究发现,连通率的增大会导致卸荷裂隙XL9-15,XL316-1的塑性区发育明显增大,而裂隙范围内塑性区的加剧不会明显地反映在坡面关键点的变化上,开挖工况可能造成表观位移较小的突发性崩塌。
At present,in engineering application,there are something to improve and extended in unloading rock mass mechanics theory.First,unloading has effect on horizontal displacement of slope before and after anchor is applied;second,overbreak and anchor lag have effect on horizontal displacement of rock in the concrete engineering.Third,the connectivity rate of structural plane has effect on displacement of unloading rock;fourth,unloading rock has horizontal displacement response under earthquake action.Fifth,different connectivity rates have effect on horizontal displacement under earthquake action.So,based on unloading rock mass the theory,it carries out the research of Dagangshan dam abutment slope developing horizontal displacement.Adopting construction.It carries out the research of Dagangshan dam abutment slope.Pointed out that rebound deformation and compression deformation after the rock excavation unloading will be greater than does not take into account when calculating the deformation of the rock deterioration.Statistics of profiles of the horizontal displacement the characteristics with the development of the earthquake acceleration at different elevations,the proposed horizontal displacement with changes in earthquake acceleration was nonlinear region the focus of aseismic and reinforcement for the earthquake region it is.Indicated that the two types of program under unloading condition engender the smaller impact to the slope horizontal displacement,multi-stage overbreak,anchoring measures is lagging behind the scene of the feasibility of the construction process to provide a basis.The research shows that increase of connectivity rate will cause that plastic zone of unloading fissure XL9-15,XL316-1 increase obviously,but within fissures extension the increase of plastic zone is obviously not the key point reflected in the changes in slope,and the excavation work could cause the apparent smaller displacement of the status of the sudden collapse.
At present,in engineering application,there are something to improve and extended in unloading rock mass mechanics theory.First,unloading has effect on horizontal displacement of slope before and after anchor is applied;second,overbreak and anchor lag have effect on horizontal displacement of rock in the concrete engineering.Third,the connectivity rate of structural plane has effect on displacement of unloading rock;fourth,unloading rock has horizontal displacement response under earthquake action.Fifth,different connectivity rates have effect on horizontal displacement under earthquake action.So,based on unloading rock mass the theory,it carries out the research of Dagangshan dam abutment slope developing horizontal displacement.Adopting construction.It carries out the research of Dagangshan dam abutment slope.Pointed out that rebound deformation and compression deformation after the rock excavation unloading will be greater than does not take into account when calculating the deformation of the rock deterioration.Statistics of profiles of the horizontal displacement the characteristics with the development of the earthquake acceleration at different elevations,the proposed horizontal displacement with changes in earthquake acceleration was nonlinear region the focus of aseismic and reinforcement for the earthquake region it is.Indicated that the two types of program under unloading condition engender the smaller impact to the slope horizontal displacement,multi-stage overbreak,anchoring measures is lagging behind the scene of the feasibility of the construction process to provide a basis.The research shows that increase of connectivity rate will cause that plastic zone of unloading fissure XL9-15,XL316-1 increase obviously,but within fissures extension the increase of plastic zone is obviously not the key point reflected in the changes in slope,and the excavation work could cause the apparent smaller displacement of the status of the sudden collapse.
引文
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[13]石安池,徐卫亚,张贵科.三峡工程永久船闸高边坡岩体卸荷松弛特征研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):723-729.SHI An-chi,XU Wei-ya,ZHANG Gui-ke.Study on unloading and relaxation characteristics of the rockmass of permanent shiplock high rock slope of Three Gorges Project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5):723-729.
[14]李建林.岩石拉剪流变特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):299-303.LI Jian-lin.A test study on tension shear rheology of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):299-303.
[15]李建林,王乐华,刘杰,等.岩石边坡工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[16]赵明阶,许锡宾,徐蓉.岩石在三轴加卸荷过程中的一种本构模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):626-631.ZHAO Ming-jie,XU Xi-bin,XU Rong.Constitutive model of rock under triaxial loading and unloading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):626-631.
[17]刘杰,李建林,黄宜胜,等.卸荷岩体本构关系研究[J].地球与环境,2005,33(3):112-116.LIU Jie,LI Jian-lin,HUANG Yi-sheng,et al.Study on unloaded rock mass constitution[J].Earth and Environment,2005,33(3):112-116.
[18]周小平,哈秋舲,张永兴.考虑裂隙间相互作用情况下围压卸荷过程应力-应变关系[J].力学季刊,2002,23(2):227-235.ZHOU Xiao-ping,HA Qiu-ling,ZHANG Yong-xing.Constitutive model for crack-weakend rock mass under confining pressure unloading with crack interaction effect[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2002,23(2):227-235.
[19]尤明庆,苏承东,徐涛.岩石试样的加载卸载过程及杨氏模量[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(5):588-592.YOU Ming-qing,SU Cheng-dong,XU Tao.Loading or unloading process in axial direction and Young’s modulus of rock specimen[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(5):588-592.
[20]卢文波,金李,陈明.节理岩体爆破开挖过程的动态卸载松动机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):4653-4657.LU Wen-bo,JIN Li,CHEN Ming.Study on the mechanism of jointed rock mass loosing induced by dynamic unloading of initial stress during rock blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4653-4657.
[21]易长平,卢文波,许红涛,等.岩体开挖过程中初始应力的动态卸荷效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):4750-4754.YI Chang-ping,LU Wen-bo,XU Hong-tao,et al.Study on effects of dynamic unloading on initial stress during rock excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4750-4754.
[2]NGUYEN T S,BORGESSON L,CHIJIMATSU M,et al.Hydro-mechanical response of a fractured granitic rock mass to excavation of a test pit——the Kamaishi Mine experiment in Japan[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2001,38(1):79-84.
[3]MARTINO J B,CHANDLER N A.Excavation-induced damage studies at the underground research laboratory[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2004,41(8):1413-1426.
[4]SAYERS C M.Orientation of microcracks formed in rocks during strain relaxation[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1990,27(5):437-439.
[5]KESALL P C,CASE J B,CHABANNES C R.Evaluation of excavation-induced changes in rock permeability[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1984,21(3):123-135.
[6]ENQELDER T,PLUMB R.Changes in in-situ ultrasonic properties of rock on strain relaxation[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1984,21(2):75-82.
[7]MOLINERO J,SAMPER J,JUANES R.Numerical modeling of the transient hydrogeological response produced by tunnel construction in fractured bedrocks[J].Engineering Geology,2002,64(4):369-386.
[8]朱爱军,邓安福,曾祥勇.数值流形方法对岩土工程开挖卸荷问题的模拟[J].岩土力学,2006,27(2):179-183.ZHU Ai-jun,DENG An-fu,ZENG Xiang-yong.Numerical manifold method for simulation of excavation unloading in geotechnical engineering[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(2):179-183.
[9]MAXWELL S C,YOUNG R P,READ RS.A micro-velocity tool to assess the excavation damaged zone[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1998,35(2):235-247.
[10]YOUNG R P,COLLINS D S.Seismic studies of rock fracture at the underground research laboratory,Canada[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,2001,8(6):787-799.
[11]哈秋舲.三峡工程永久船闸陡高边坡各向异性卸荷岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):603-618.HA Qiu-ling.Study on the anisotropic unloading rock mass mechanics for the steep-high rock slope of the three gorges project permanent shiplock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):603-618.
[12]李建林.卸荷岩体力学理论与应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[13]石安池,徐卫亚,张贵科.三峡工程永久船闸高边坡岩体卸荷松弛特征研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):723-729.SHI An-chi,XU Wei-ya,ZHANG Gui-ke.Study on unloading and relaxation characteristics of the rockmass of permanent shiplock high rock slope of Three Gorges Project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5):723-729.
[14]李建林.岩石拉剪流变特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):299-303.LI Jian-lin.A test study on tension shear rheology of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):299-303.
[15]李建林,王乐华,刘杰,等.岩石边坡工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[16]赵明阶,许锡宾,徐蓉.岩石在三轴加卸荷过程中的一种本构模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):626-631.ZHAO Ming-jie,XU Xi-bin,XU Rong.Constitutive model of rock under triaxial loading and unloading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):626-631.
[17]刘杰,李建林,黄宜胜,等.卸荷岩体本构关系研究[J].地球与环境,2005,33(3):112-116.LIU Jie,LI Jian-lin,HUANG Yi-sheng,et al.Study on unloaded rock mass constitution[J].Earth and Environment,2005,33(3):112-116.
[18]周小平,哈秋舲,张永兴.考虑裂隙间相互作用情况下围压卸荷过程应力-应变关系[J].力学季刊,2002,23(2):227-235.ZHOU Xiao-ping,HA Qiu-ling,ZHANG Yong-xing.Constitutive model for crack-weakend rock mass under confining pressure unloading with crack interaction effect[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2002,23(2):227-235.
[19]尤明庆,苏承东,徐涛.岩石试样的加载卸载过程及杨氏模量[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(5):588-592.YOU Ming-qing,SU Cheng-dong,XU Tao.Loading or unloading process in axial direction and Young’s modulus of rock specimen[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(5):588-592.
[20]卢文波,金李,陈明.节理岩体爆破开挖过程的动态卸载松动机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):4653-4657.LU Wen-bo,JIN Li,CHEN Ming.Study on the mechanism of jointed rock mass loosing induced by dynamic unloading of initial stress during rock blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4653-4657.
[21]易长平,卢文波,许红涛,等.岩体开挖过程中初始应力的动态卸荷效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):4750-4754.YI Chang-ping,LU Wen-bo,XU Hong-tao,et al.Study on effects of dynamic unloading on initial stress during rock excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4750-4754.
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