基于频率的震后房屋快速检测评估及结果统计分析
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摘要
汶川地震后四川、重庆等地许多房屋出现了不同程度的破坏,为确保现存房屋的安全,尽快安置灾民,需对大面积受损房屋进行安全鉴定。介绍一种震后房屋快速而可行的鉴定方法-频率法。频率的降低在一定程度上反映了结构整体受损的状态,通过对结构的动力参数(自振频率、阻尼比)的分析,并与同类结构相比,得出结构刚度退化程度及房屋受损程度,从而判断房屋的破坏等级。运用该方法对近百栋房屋(砌体结构、框架结构、底框结构)进行了安全鉴定,结果表明,此种方法简单易行,能够较为准确的判断结构整体损伤状态。同时,对进行检测房屋的震害进行简单的统计分析,积累的检测数据对震损房屋的修复和加固、提高新建房屋的抗震性能是有价值的。
After Wenchuan earthquake,many buildings presented varied degrees of destruction in Sichuan and Chongqing province.The large-scale damaged buildings need security identification to ensure the safety of the extant buildings and resettle the victims as soon as possible.In view of this,a fast and feasible method-frequency method for building identification was introduced in this essay.To some extent the decrease of the frequency reflects the earthquake damage degree to the structure.Through the analysis of dynamic performance parameters(natural vibration frequency,damping ration) of the structure and compare with similar structures,the relationship between the structure rigidity degradation degree and the earthquake damage degree to the structure can be reached,which determined the gradation of earthquake damage.Using this method,nearly one hundred buildings(masonry structure,frame structure,masonry building supported by RC frame) were detected.Results showed that the method was simple and feasible,and was able to determine the earthquake damage degree to the structure accurately.In the last,a simple statistical analysis about seismic damage of the builds detected has been made.The data accumulated would be valuable for damaged building renovation and increase new building's seismic performance.
After Wenchuan earthquake,many buildings presented varied degrees of destruction in Sichuan and Chongqing province.The large-scale damaged buildings need security identification to ensure the safety of the extant buildings and resettle the victims as soon as possible.In view of this,a fast and feasible method-frequency method for building identification was introduced in this essay.To some extent the decrease of the frequency reflects the earthquake damage degree to the structure.Through the analysis of dynamic performance parameters(natural vibration frequency,damping ration) of the structure and compare with similar structures,the relationship between the structure rigidity degradation degree and the earthquake damage degree to the structure can be reached,which determined the gradation of earthquake damage.Using this method,nearly one hundred buildings(masonry structure,frame structure,masonry building supported by RC frame) were detected.Results showed that the method was simple and feasible,and was able to determine the earthquake damage degree to the structure accurately.In the last,a simple statistical analysis about seismic damage of the builds detected has been made.The data accumulated would be valuable for damaged building renovation and increase new building's seismic performance.
引文
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[14]李杰,李国强.地震工程学导论[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[2]Cawley P,Adams R D.The Location of Defects in Struc-tures from Measurements of Natural Frequencies[J].Jour-nal of Strain Analysis,1979,4(2):49-57.
[3]Kaminski P C.The approximate location of damage throughthe analysis of natural frequencies with artificial neural net-works[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,1995,209(3):117-223.
[4]Liu Wenfeng,Liu Chuntu,Ying Huaiqiao.Research ondamage orientation by change of eigenfrequency[J].Jour-nal of Vibration and Shock,2004,23(2):28-30.[刘文峰,柳春图,应怀樵.通过频率改变率进行损伤定位的方法研究[J].振动与冲击,2004,23(2):28-30.]
[5]Shi Weixing,Wang Yang,Liu Chengqing.Damage analysisof high-rise building under seismic load based on frequencymeasurement[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2007,42(4):389-394.[施卫星,汪洋,刘成清.基于频率测量的高层建筑地震作用损伤分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(4),389-394.]
[6]Young Jip,Alfredo HS A,YI KW.Seismic damage analy-sis of reinforced concrete building[J].Journal of the Struc-tural Division,ASCE,1985,111:740-757.
[7]Wu Bo,Ou Jinping.Reaction and damage analysis of rein-forced concrete structures under earthquake series[J].Journal of Building Structures,1993,14(5):45-53.[吴波,欧进萍.钢筋混凝土结构在主余震作用下的反应与损伤分析[J].建筑结构学报,1993,14(5):45-53.]
[8]Gu Xianglin,Shen Zuyan.Damage analysis on reinforcedconcrete structure under earthquake series[C]//7thProc ofInternational Conference on Computing in Civil and Build-ing Engineering.Seoul:[s.n.],1997:618-626.
[9]王广军,樊水荣.建筑自振周期计算方法和实测资料手册[M].中国建筑科学研究院,1988.
[10]施卫星,冯军.基于频率的结构损伤识别方法在建筑地震破坏等级划分中的应用[C].第二十一届全国震动与噪声高技术及应用学术会议论文,2008,6:156-161.
[11]Ren Xiaosong,Lu Xilin,Li Jianzhong,et al.An analyticalapproach to seismic damage information of the masonrybuildings in Qinchuan county under“5.12”WenchuanEarthquake collected in site urgent structural evaluation[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(3):3-8.[任晓崧,吕西林,李建中,等.“5.12”四川汶川地震后青川房屋应急评估中砖砌体房屋的震害情况初探[J].结构工程师,2008,24(3):3-8.]
[12]Li Jianzhong,Lu Xilin,Li Xiang,et al.Seismic damage ofreinforced concrete frame structures in Wenchuan Earth-quake[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(3):9-11.[李建中,吕西林,李翔,等.汶川地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构的震害[J].结构工程师,2008,24(3):9-11.]
[13]Li Xiang,Lu Xilin,Li Jianzhong,et al.Damage investiga-tion and analysis of multistory masonry buildings supportedby RC frames in Guangyuan after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(3):12-15.[李翔,吕西林,李建中,等.汶川地震中广元市底层框架结构房屋震害调查与分析[J].结构工程师,2008,24(3):12-15.]
[14]李杰,李国强.地震工程学导论[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
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