西安清真寺木牌楼结构特性分析
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摘要
为了深入研究中国木结构古建筑的结构特性,以西安清真寺木牌楼为研究对象,用弹簧单元模拟榫卯连接的半刚接特性,建立模型并对其进行有限元数值分析.通过对榫卯连接的非线性接触分析得到了其各方向刚度值;在竖向荷载作用下,由静力分析计算结果可知,其抗压、抗弯和抗剪承载力均满足要求,并且结构的平均安全裕度为85.3%;由结构模态分析得出了木楼牌前6阶频率及其振型;通过对模型在El Centro波、Taft波与兰州波作用下的地震反应分析,结果表明,木结构古建筑具有较好的耐震性能以及榫卯连接具有"遇强则强"的智能减震特点.分析及计算结果为中国木结构古建筑的维修和保护提供了理论依据.
For in-depth study of the structural characteristics of ancient Chinese timber structure,the timber orna-mental gate of Xi'an Great Mosque was taken as the research object,and the spring elements were applied to simulate semi-rigidity of mortise-tenon joints.Consequently,the model was established and the finite element numerical analysis to it was carried out.The stiffness values of mortise-tenon joints were got by nonlinear contact analysis;Under the vertical load function,the test of the compressive,bent and the shear capacity all met requirements by static analysis,and the average safety margin of the structure was 85.3%.The first six natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the timber ornamental gate were obtained by model analysis.Based on earthquake response analysis to the model under El Centro,Taft and Lanzhou waves,the results show that the ancient Chinese timber structure has better aseismic performance,and mortise-tenon joint has the characteristics of intelligent absorption of shock against strong seism.Analysis and calculation results provide the theory basis for maintenance and protection of ancient Chi-nese timber structure.
For in-depth study of the structural characteristics of ancient Chinese timber structure,the timber orna-mental gate of Xi'an Great Mosque was taken as the research object,and the spring elements were applied to simulate semi-rigidity of mortise-tenon joints.Consequently,the model was established and the finite element numerical analysis to it was carried out.The stiffness values of mortise-tenon joints were got by nonlinear contact analysis;Under the vertical load function,the test of the compressive,bent and the shear capacity all met requirements by static analysis,and the average safety margin of the structure was 85.3%.The first six natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the timber ornamental gate were obtained by model analysis.Based on earthquake response analysis to the model under El Centro,Taft and Lanzhou waves,the results show that the ancient Chinese timber structure has better aseismic performance,and mortise-tenon joint has the characteristics of intelligent absorption of shock against strong seism.Analysis and calculation results provide the theory basis for maintenance and protection of ancient Chi-nese timber structure.
引文
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[4]张舵,卢芳云.木结构古塔的动力特性分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(1):81-86.Zhang Duo,Lu Fangyun.Dynamic structural character-istics of an ancient timber tower[J].Engineering Me-chanics,2004,21(1):81-86(in Chinese).
[5]Chen H,Bland Ford G E.Finite-element modal for thin walled space frame flexible connection behavior[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1991,121(10):1514-1521.
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[10]罗勇.古建木结构建筑榫卯及构架力学性能与抗震研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,2006.Luo Yong.Study on the Mechanics Characteristic and Seismic Behavior of Ancient Timber Buildings Frame Assembled with Mortise-Tenon Joints[D].Xi’an:College of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Archi-tecture and Technology,2006(in Chinese).
[11]苏军.中国木结构古建筑抗震性能的研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,2007.Su Jun.Study on the Seismic Performance of Chinese Ancient Timber Structure[D].Xi’an:College of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Tech-nology,2007(in Chinese).
[12]江正荣.建筑施工手册(15):木结构工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.Jiang Zhengrong.The Fifteenth of Construction Manual:Timberwork Engineering[M].Beijing:Chinese Architecture and Building Press,2007(in Chi-nese).
[13]高大峰,赵鸿铁,薛建阳.木结构古建筑中斗拱与榫卯节点的抗震性能——试验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(2):58-64.Gao Dafeng,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang.Aseismic characteristics of bucket and mortise-tenon joint of an-cient Chinese timber buildings:Experimental re-search[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2008,17(2):58-64(in Chinese).
[14][宋]李诫.营造法式[M].上海:商务印书馆,1950.Li Jie(Dynasty Song).Ying Zao Fa Shi[M].Shanghai:The Commercial Press,1950(in Chinese).
[15]GB 50005—2003木结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.GB 50005—2003 Code for Design of Timber Struc-tures[S].Beijing:Chinese Architecture and Building Press,2004(in Chinese).
[2]王天.古代大木作静力初探[M].北京:文物出版社,1992.Wang Tian.Static Analysis on Ancient Timber Struc-tures[M].Beijing:Cultural Relics Publishing House,1992(in Chinese).
[3]方东平,俞茂鋐,宫本裕,等.木结构古建筑结构特性的计算研究[J].工程力学,2001,18(1):137-144.Fang Dongping,Yu Maohong,Miyamoto Y,et al.Numerical analysis on structural characteristics of an an-cient timber architecture[J].Engineering Mechanics,2001,18(1):137-144(in Chinese).
[4]张舵,卢芳云.木结构古塔的动力特性分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(1):81-86.Zhang Duo,Lu Fangyun.Dynamic structural character-istics of an ancient timber tower[J].Engineering Me-chanics,2004,21(1):81-86(in Chinese).
[5]Chen H,Bland Ford G E.Finite-element modal for thin walled space frame flexible connection behavior[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1991,121(10):1514-1521.
[6]Monforton G R,Wu T S.Matrix analysis of semi-rigid connection steel frame[J].ASCE,Struct Div,1963,89(1):13-42.
[7]Chen W F,Kishi N.Semi-rigid steel beam-to-column connections:Data base and modeling[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1989,115(1):105-119.
[8]King W S,Chen W F.LRFD analysis for semi-rigid frame design[J].Engineering Journal,AISC,1993,30(4):130-140.
[9]Tin-Loi F,Vimonsatit V.Nonlinear analysis of semi-rigid frames:Aparametric complementarity approach[J].Engineering Structure,1996,18(2):115-124.
[10]罗勇.古建木结构建筑榫卯及构架力学性能与抗震研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,2006.Luo Yong.Study on the Mechanics Characteristic and Seismic Behavior of Ancient Timber Buildings Frame Assembled with Mortise-Tenon Joints[D].Xi’an:College of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Archi-tecture and Technology,2006(in Chinese).
[11]苏军.中国木结构古建筑抗震性能的研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,2007.Su Jun.Study on the Seismic Performance of Chinese Ancient Timber Structure[D].Xi’an:College of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Tech-nology,2007(in Chinese).
[12]江正荣.建筑施工手册(15):木结构工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.Jiang Zhengrong.The Fifteenth of Construction Manual:Timberwork Engineering[M].Beijing:Chinese Architecture and Building Press,2007(in Chi-nese).
[13]高大峰,赵鸿铁,薛建阳.木结构古建筑中斗拱与榫卯节点的抗震性能——试验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(2):58-64.Gao Dafeng,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang.Aseismic characteristics of bucket and mortise-tenon joint of an-cient Chinese timber buildings:Experimental re-search[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2008,17(2):58-64(in Chinese).
[14][宋]李诫.营造法式[M].上海:商务印书馆,1950.Li Jie(Dynasty Song).Ying Zao Fa Shi[M].Shanghai:The Commercial Press,1950(in Chinese).
[15]GB 50005—2003木结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.GB 50005—2003 Code for Design of Timber Struc-tures[S].Beijing:Chinese Architecture and Building Press,2004(in Chinese).
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