沁水盆地南部煤层气田勘探开发技术探索与认识
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摘要
为加快煤层气勘探开发的步伐,中国石油华北油田公司在沁水盆地南部樊庄区块开展了高煤阶煤层气规模开发实践,逐步形成了山地浅层二维及三维地震采集处理和精细解释、高煤阶煤层气区带评价优选、煤层气排采控制、煤层气二次压裂解堵增产、水平井设计优选、水平井钻井、适合于山区特点的煤层气低压集输工艺及自动化控制等8大技术系列。率先开展了煤层气水平井压裂解堵试验,改进了防砂、防煤粉工艺,创新提出了开发单元和开发井组,自主研发了一批专有技术(目前已申请专利11项)。总结近5年的煤层气勘探开发实践,获得以下几点经验与认识:①煤层气井钻探需要地震资料的支持;②严格遵守勘探程序是高效开发煤层气的重要保证;③煤岩煤质是煤层气富集最重要的控制因素之一;④该区埋深介于800～1 200m的主力煤层具有良好的勘探开发前景。
To speed up the shale gas exploration and development in China,the PetroChina North China Oilfield Company has gained many good experiences from the commercial CBM gas production in high-rank coal beds in the Fanzhuang Block of the southern Qin-shui Basin.On this basis,a series of special technologies are summarized from the following eight aspects:2Dand 3Dseismic data acquisition at shallow formations of the mountainous areas,optimal evaluation of CBM gas exploration target zones with high-rank coals,CBM gas drainage and control,the secondary frac treatment to deplug and enhance CBM recovery,an optimal design of horizontal well drilling,horizontal well drilling,low-pressure CBM gas gathering and transportation process adaptable for the mountainous areas,and automatic control.In addition,many innovative research and development tests have been successfully performed on the frac treatment and plug removal as a whole in horizontal well drilling and better control of sand and coal ash.The development block units and well groups are initially put forward,and eleven items of self-developed techniques have being patented.From the field practice of CBM exploration and development over the past 5years,it is recognized that(1)seismic data is the robust support for the CBM drilling and exploration,(2)to strictly follow the exploration procedure is the guarantee for the highly efficient development of a CBM gas field,(3)the coal quality of coal seams is one of the most important controlling factors for the accumulation of CBM gas,and(4)coal beds with the burial depths of 800-1200mhave good CBM gas exploration and development prospect.
To speed up the shale gas exploration and development in China,the PetroChina North China Oilfield Company has gained many good experiences from the commercial CBM gas production in high-rank coal beds in the Fanzhuang Block of the southern Qin-shui Basin.On this basis,a series of special technologies are summarized from the following eight aspects:2Dand 3Dseismic data acquisition at shallow formations of the mountainous areas,optimal evaluation of CBM gas exploration target zones with high-rank coals,CBM gas drainage and control,the secondary frac treatment to deplug and enhance CBM recovery,an optimal design of horizontal well drilling,horizontal well drilling,low-pressure CBM gas gathering and transportation process adaptable for the mountainous areas,and automatic control.In addition,many innovative research and development tests have been successfully performed on the frac treatment and plug removal as a whole in horizontal well drilling and better control of sand and coal ash.The development block units and well groups are initially put forward,and eleven items of self-developed techniques have being patented.From the field practice of CBM exploration and development over the past 5years,it is recognized that(1)seismic data is the robust support for the CBM drilling and exploration,(2)to strictly follow the exploration procedure is the guarantee for the highly efficient development of a CBM gas field,(3)the coal quality of coal seams is one of the most important controlling factors for the accumulation of CBM gas,and(4)coal beds with the burial depths of 800-1200mhave good CBM gas exploration and development prospect.
引文
[1]吴建光,孙茂远,冯三利,等.国家级煤层气示范工程建设的启示——沁水盆地南部煤层气开发利用高技术产业化示范工程综述[J].天然气工业,2011,31(5):9-15.
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[3]穆福元,孙粉锦,王一兵,等.沁水盆地煤层气田试采动态特征与开发技术对策[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):117-119.
[4]周荣学,刘庆昌.中国石油数字化规模化煤层气田示范工程[J].天然气工业,2010,30(6):7-10.
[5]李梦溪,王立龙,崔新瑞,等.沁水煤层气田樊庄区块直井产出特征及排采控制方法[J].中国煤层气,2011,8(1):11-13.
[6]李仰民,王立龙,刘国伟,等.煤层气井排采过程中的储层伤害机理研究[J].中国煤层气,2010,7(6):39-43.
[7]孟庆春,左银卿,魏强,等.沁水煤层气田樊庄区块产能影响因素分析[J].中国煤层气,2010,7(6):10-14.
[8]王元基.水平井油田开发技术文集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
[2]王红霞,陶永,杨艳,等.沁水盆地煤层气田与苏里格气田的集输工艺对比[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):104-108.
[3]穆福元,孙粉锦,王一兵,等.沁水盆地煤层气田试采动态特征与开发技术对策[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):117-119.
[4]周荣学,刘庆昌.中国石油数字化规模化煤层气田示范工程[J].天然气工业,2010,30(6):7-10.
[5]李梦溪,王立龙,崔新瑞,等.沁水煤层气田樊庄区块直井产出特征及排采控制方法[J].中国煤层气,2011,8(1):11-13.
[6]李仰民,王立龙,刘国伟,等.煤层气井排采过程中的储层伤害机理研究[J].中国煤层气,2010,7(6):39-43.
[7]孟庆春,左银卿,魏强,等.沁水煤层气田樊庄区块产能影响因素分析[J].中国煤层气,2010,7(6):10-14.
[8]王元基.水平井油田开发技术文集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
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